In North America, the term " Btu " is used to describe the heat value ( energy content ) of fuels, and also to describe the power of heating and cooling systems, such as furnaces, stoves, barbecue grills, and air conditioners.

Selected waste and by-products with recoverable calorific value can be used as fuels in a cement kiln, replacing a portion of conventional fossil fuels, like coal, if they meet strict specifications.

Cryogenic fuels, mainly liquid hydrogen, have been used as rocket fuels.

Fuel cells can be used to extract power either from natural fuels or from synthesized fuels ( mainly electrolytic hydrogen ) and so can be viewed as either generation systems or storage systems depending on their use.

Energy obtained from the fossil fuels could not be used again.

In response to this, the Clean Air Act 1956 was passed, mandating the creating of " smokeless zones " where the use of " smokeless " fuels was required ( this was at a time when most households still used open fires ); the Act was effective.

Nowadays, fuels used include:

For historic reasons, the Mobil brand is still used by Mobil service stations and for fuel ( gasoline, diesel, heating oil, kerosene, aviation fuels and marine fuel ) products.

Liquid hydrocarbon fuels are the most commonly used forms of energy storage for use in transportation, but because the byproducts of the reaction that utilizes these liquid fuels ' energy ( combustion ) produce greenhouse gases other energy carriers like hydrogen can be used to avoid production of greenhouse gases.

Various biofuels such as biodiesel, straight vegetable oil, alcohol fuels, or biomass can be used to replace hydrocarbon fuels.

)</ ref >< ref name = Lackner2012 > Such carbon neutral and negative fuels can be produced by the electrolysis of water to make hydrogen used in the Sabatier reaction to produce methane which may then be stored to be burned later in power plants as synthetic natural gas, transported by pipeline, truck, or tanker ship, or be used in gas to liquids processes such as the Fischer – Tropsch process to make traditional transportation or heating fuels .< ref name = Pearson2012 > ( Review.

Carbon neutral and negative fuels can store and transport renewable energy through existing natural gas pipelines and be used with existing transportation infrastructure, displacing fossil fuels, and reducing greenhouse gases.

Most inhalant drugs that are used non-medically are ingredients in household or industrial chemical products that are not intended to be concentrated and inhaled, including organic solvents ( found in cleaning products, fast-drying glues, and nail polish removers ), fuels ( gasoline ( petrol ) and kerosene ), and propellant gases such as Freon and compressed hydrofluorocarbons that are used in aerosol cans such as hairspray, whipped cream, and non-stick cooking spray.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, extensive study concentrated on the use of antioxidants in important industrial processes, such as the prevention of metal corrosion, the vulcanization of rubber, and the polymerization of fuels in the fouling of internal combustion engines.

In engines running exclusively on LPG or CNG, the CR may be higher, due to the higher octane rating of these fuels.

Hydrogen could eventually replace conventional fossil fuels in traditional internal combustion engines.

The end result is the thrust / weight ratio of hydrogen-fueled engines is 30 – 50 % lower than comparable engines using denser fuels.

The Zeppelin company tended to use spark-ignition engines fuelled by Blaugas, a form of Naphtha, named after its inventor, Dr. Hermann Blau rather than its colour, which had the advantage of being stored in a gaseous state at roughly the same density as air, resolving issues of buoyancy and trim found when using liquid fuels.

Due to the higher energy density of the nuclear fuel compared to chemical fuels, about 10 < small >< sup > 7 </ sup ></ small > times, the resulting propellant efficiency ( effective exhaust velocity ) of the engine is at least twice as good as chemical engines.

These fuels can be employed in internal combustion engines, fossil fuel power stations and other uses.

The widescale use of fossil fuels, coal at first and petroleum later, to fire steam engines enabled the Industrial Revolution.

# Combustion of fossil fuels: automobile engines and thermal power plants, which release various nitrogen oxides ( NO < sub > x </ sub >).

The filler pipe of unleaded fuel is smaller than the one for fuels for engines designed to take leaded fuel.

The remainder of the trip to the surface, lasting about 2. 5 minutes, was handled by smaller doppler radar units and three vernier engines running on liquid fuels fed to them using pressurized helium.

* Octane rating, also called gasoline grade, the measure of the autoignition resistance of gasoline ( petrol ) and other fuels used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines

Both carburetors and fuel injector components of Otto engines benefit from detergents in the fuels to prevent fouling.

Other power sources include steam engines, direct burning of fuels and propellants, or even natural power sources like wind or moving water.

In broad terms, fuels with a higher octane rating are used in high-compression engines that generally have higher performance.

In contrast, fuels with low octane numbers ( but high cetane numbers ) are ideal for diesel engines.

He conceded that some of these advantages were significantly eroded as fuels improved up to and during World War II and as sodium-cooled exhaust valves were introduced in high output aircraft engines.

Most rocket engines use light-weight fuels ( liquid hydrogen, oxygen, or kerosene ) accelerated to super-sonic speeds.

A petroleum-electric hybrid most commonly uses internal combustion engines ( generally gasoline or Diesel engines, powered by a variety of fuels ) and electric batteries to power the vehicle.

* Alternative Energy and Efficiency — Argonne develops both chemical and biological fuels tailored for current engines as well as improved combustion schemes for future engine technologies.

Because of the difference in burn rates between the two different fuels, petrol engines are mechanically designed with different timing than diesels, so to auto-ignite a petrol engine causes the expansion of gas inside the cylinder to reach its greatest point before the cylinder has reached the " top dead center " ( TDC ) position.

After " scrubbing ", to remove tar, the gas may be used to power gas turbines ( which are well-suited to fuels of low calorific value ), spark ignited engines ( where 100 % petrol fuel replacement is possible ) or diesel internal combustion engines ( where 40 %-15 % of the original diesel fuel is still used to ignite the gas ).

Meanwhile, flying prototypes of aircraft powered by alternative fuels, such as ethanol, electricity, and even solar energy, are becoming more common and may soon enter the mainstream, at least for light aircraft.

Primary industrial exports are clothing, iron and steel, machinery and refined fuels.

Sugarcane, rapeseed, soy are some of the plants with a highly fermentable sugar or oil content which have recently been put to use as sources of biofuels, which are important alternatives to fossil fuels ( see biodiesel ).

Substances or materials which undergo combustion are called fuels.

Most fuels, on the other hand, are in a singlet state, with paired spins and zero total angular momentum.

These airborne soil particles are often contaminated with toxic chemicals such as pesticides or petroleum fuels, posing ecological and public health hazards when they later land, or are inhaled / ingested.

Emulsifiers are not effective at extinguishing large fires involving bulk / deep liquid fuels, because the amount of agent needed for extinguishment is a function of the volume of the fuel, whereas agents such as aqueous film-forming foam ( AFFF ) need cover only the surface of the fuel to achieve vapor mitigation.

In addition to this pure hydrogen type, there are hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cells, including diesel, methanol ( see: direct-methanol fuel cells and indirect methanol fuel cells ) and chemical hydrides.

Therefore, carbon-rich fuels like gases made from coal are compatible with the system.

Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of petroleum fuels and are found as either linear or branched species.

It has been proposed that newborn brains are able to use alternate fuels when glucose levels are low more readily than adults.

Most of these are defensive or adaptive, tending to raise the blood sugar via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis or provide alternative fuels.

The most common modern fuels are made up of hydrocarbons and are derived mostly from fossil fuels ( petroleum ).

The main limitations on fuels are that it must be easily transportable through the fuel system to the combustion chamber, and that the fuel releases sufficient energy in the form of heat upon combustion to make practical use of the engine.

Lubricants such as 2-cycle oil are added to fuels like gasoline which has low lubricity.

Top sectors attracting FDI inflows from Mauritius ( from January 2000 to December, 2005 ) are electrical equipment, telecommunications, fuels, cement & gypsum products and services sector ( financial & non-financial ).

The main causes for these declines are the high cost of transportation, a lack of fuels, and the poor state of Moldova's transportation infrastructure: approximately 20 percent of Moldova's roads are considered in a critical technical state.