Historical records indicate that Copernicus was unaware of the fundamental aspects of his so-called ' revolution ', unaware perhaps of its historical importance, he rested content with having produced a simpler scheme for prediction.

Despite the fundamental importance and frequent necessity of statistical reasoning, there may nonetheless have been a tendency among biologists to distrust or deprecate results which are not qualitatively apparent.

Canal barges, towed by draft animals on a waterway adjacent towpath were of fundamental importance in the early industrial revolution, whose major early engineering projects were efforts to build viaducts, aqueducts and especially canal to fuel and feed the raw materials to the nascent factories being born in the early industrial takeoff, and take their goods to the ports and cities for distribution.

On November 29, 1921, the trustees declared it to be the express policy of the Institute to pursue scientific research of the greatest importance and at the same time " to continue to conduct thorough courses in engineering and pure science, basing the work of these courses on exceptionally strong instruction in the fundamental sciences of mathematics, physics, and chemistry ; broadening and enriching the curriculum by a liberal amount of instruction in such subjects as English, history, and economics ; and vitalizing all the work of the Institute by the infusion in generous measure of the spirit of research.

Its supposed fundamental importance to life can be seen in words such as aspire, inspire, perspire and spirit, all derived from the Latin spirare.

Diffusion is of fundamental importance in many disciplines of physics, chemistry, and biology.

Recent study of the determinants of aggregate economic growth have stressed the importance of fundamental economic institutions and the role of cognitive skills.

These spaces are of fundamental importance in many areas, including the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics.

Historicism therefore tends to be hermeneutical, because it places great importance on cautious, rigorous and contextualized interpretation of information, and / or relativist, because it rejects notions of universal, fundamental and immutable interpretations.

Because of its close relation to the time-evolution of a system, it is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory.

Individualism makes the individual its focus and so starts " with the fundamental premise that the human individual is of primary importance in the struggle for liberation.

The Leyden jar was used to conduct many early experiments in electricity, and its discovery was of fundamental importance in the study of electricity.

Non-centralism has been of particular importance to ethical naturalists in the late 20th and early 21st centuries as part of their argument that normativity is a non-excisable aspect of language and that there is no way of analyzing thick moral concepts into a purely descriptive element attached to a thin moral evaluation, thus undermining any fundamental division between facts and norms.

Reflecting the fundamental importance and applicability of MRI in medicine, Paul Lauterbur of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Sir Peter Mansfield of the University of Nottingham were awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their " discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging ".

The concept is of fundamental importance in laser science because the production of a population inversion is a necessary step in the workings of a standard laser.

A result of fundamental importance in linear algebra is that the column rank and the row rank are always equal ( see below for proofs ).

* Pragmatic sanction, historically, a sovereign's solemn decree on a matter of primary importance and has the force of fundamental law.

The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe.

Two fields of applied biology in which taxonomic work is of fundamental importance are the study of biodiversity and conservation.

The radiation dosimeter is of fundamental importance in the disciplines of of radiation dosimetry and health physics.

The elementary charge is one of the fundamental physical constants and accurate knowledge of its value is of great importance.

The quantum Hall effect also provides an extremely precise independent determination of the fine structure constant, a quantity of fundamental importance in quantum electrodynamics.

) Cavalier-Smith does not accept the importance of the fundamental eubacteria – archaebacteria divide put forward by Woese and others and supported by recent research.

In this context, cultural relativism is an attitude that is of fundamental methodological importance, because it calls attention to the importance of the local context in understanding the meaning of particular human beliefs and activities.

* 529 – First draft of the Corpus Juris Civilis ( a fundamental work in jurisprudence ) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I.

Throughout the late Roman and early Byzantine periods, Christianity was resolving fundamental questions of identity, and the dispute between the orthodox and the monophysites became the cause of serious disorder, expressed through allegiance to the horse-racing parties of the Blues and the Greens.

The Albigensians, more commonly known as the Cathars, were a heretical gnostic sect, holding that matter was evil and only spirit was good ; this was a fundamental challenge to the notion of incarnation, central to Roman Catholic theology.

But the changes he proposed were of such a fundamental nature that by their own logic they would automatically overthrow the old order ; neither the Emperor nor the Roman Church could possibly accept them, as Luther well knew.

Christianity divided itself in the East during its early centuries both within and outside of the Roman Empire in disputes about christology and fundamental theology, as well as national divisions ( Roman, Persian, etc .).

The sense of the expression damnatio memoriae and of the sanction is to cancel every trace of the person from the life of Rome, as if he had never existed, in order to preserve the honour of the city ; in a city that stressed the social appearance, respectability and the pride of being a true Roman as a fundamental requirement of the citizen, it was perhaps the most severe punishment.

The Corpus Juris ( or Iuris ) Civilis (" Body of Civil Law ") is the modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor.

In addition to the meaning of " door hinge ," the cardo was also a fundamental concept in Roman surveying and city planning.

Although Wissowa treated the categories of indigetes and novensiles as a fundamental way to classify Roman gods, the distinction is hard to maintain ; many scholars reject it.

As such, historians have attributed a number of fundamental changes to the period, notably the increasingly rapid progress of science and technology, the secularization of politics, and the diminution of the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church as well as the lessening of the influence of all faiths upon national governments.

After 1555, the Peace of Augsburg became the legitimating legal document governing the co-existence of the Lutheran and Catholic faiths in the German lands of the Holy Roman Empire, and it served to ameliorate many of the tensions between followers of the " Old Faith " ( Catholicism ) and the followers of Luther, but it had two fundamental flaws.

Other works are a treatise on the fundamental laws of property ( Über die Grundlage des Besitzes, Berlin, 1829 ), a portion of a systematic work on the Roman civil law ( System des römischen Zivilrechts, 1827 ), and a collection of his miscellaneous writings ( Vermischte Schriften.

Tutelary deities who guard and preserve a place or a person are fundamental to ancient Roman religion.

Certain Catholics regard the Vatican II as a Latrocinium, given its role in a fundamental revision of Roman Catholic rituals and belief.

The presence of Greeks on the Italian peninsula from the beginning of the historical period influenced Roman culture, introducing some religious practices that became as fundamental as the cult of Apollo.

The presence of Greeks on the Italian peninsula from the beginning of the historical period influenced Roman culture, introducing some religious practices that became as fundamental as the cult of Apollo.

Prince Frederick's inherited claims were strongest to the almost wholly German-speaking Duchy of Holstein, while his rights as the heir-male of the House of Oldenburg proved too difficult to pursue, and Holstein, an originally Holy Roman Empire fief, had the Salic Law as a leading principle in its fundamental succession law.

Gracchus rose to office at a time when the Roman Republic was bloated with the effects of extensive expansion abroad ; a huge influx of slave labor and foreign wealth, a change in the function of agriculture and devaluation in the crop market were causing a massive domestic crisis, challenging the fundamental values of Roman culture ( there is a debate over whether it was a grain crisis or a manpower crisis ).

Perhaps the most fundamental positions of the Old Catholic Church are its claim to apostolic succession and to being legally separate from the Roman Catholic Church.

The crux of the problem is that there is no contemporaneous account of the conflict ; writers such as Polybius, who might have met persons whose grandparents participated in the conflict, do not mention it, while the writers who do speak of the conflict, such as Livy or Cicero, report fact and fable equally readily, and invariably assume that there were no fundamental changes in Roman institutions in nearly 500 years.

Allatius was a natural apologist for the Eastern communions in Eastern Europe, convinced as he was in himself that in the acts of union neither reasons of faith nor of doctrine were fundamental to the succession of the bishops, only a transfer of jurisdictions, and he seems really to have believed that the " Latin faith " and the " Greek faith " were identical and that under " Roman obedience " they could still be Orthodox.

The first fundamental form is denoted by the Roman numeral I,