The silicate fractions of stony meteorites show gallium / germanium ratios similar to those of tektites because they too have undergone melting at some point in their histories.

Examples are whole body PET scan or PET / CT scans, gallium scans, indium white blood cell scans, MIBG and octreotide scans.

Materials presently used for photovoltaics include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and copper indium gallium selenide / sulfide.

Materials presently used for photovoltaics include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and copper indium gallium selenide / sulfide.

Values in the range 3-6 W / µm have been reported for different anode materials ( gallium and tin ).

Materials used for the substrate include silicon, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide, while silicon / silicon-germanium alloys, aluminium gallium arsenide / gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide / indium gallium arsenide are used for the epitaxial layers.

-- The results of microanalysis of tektites ( natural glasses of unknown origin ) for gallium and germanium have shown that these glasses are probably produced from terrestrial ( or less likely from lunar ) matter by impact of a celestial body.

Dozens of other materials are used, including germanium, gallium arsenide, and silicon carbide.

* Semiconductor material ( date first used ): the metalloids germanium ( 1947 ) and silicon ( 1954 )— in amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline form ; the compounds gallium arsenide ( 1966 ) and silicon carbide ( 1997 ), the alloy silicon-germanium ( 1989 ), the allotrope of carbon graphene ( research ongoing since 2004 ), etc .— see Semiconductor material

Semiconductor devices are electronic components that exploit the electronic properties of semiconductor materials, principally silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors.

Two commonly used HBTs are silicon – germanium and aluminum gallium arsenide, though a wide variety of semiconductors may be used for the HBT structure.

* 1871 Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev systematically examines the periodic table and predicts the existence of gallium, scandium, and germanium

Some other elements which form amphoteric oxides are chromium, gallium, copper, antimony, bismuth, indium, silicon, titanium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, germanium, zirconium, silver, tin, and gold.

The Czochralski process is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors ( e. g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide ), metals ( e. g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold ), salts, and synthetic gemstones.

The local mineral resources also include: iron, coal, gold, silver, tin, Iron sulfide, plus more than twenty other rare minerals associated with them such as nickel, cadmium, gallium, molybdenum, germanium and selenium.

Chemical experiments on the element proved that Mendeleev's suggestions were correct ; along with discovery and characterization of gallium and germanium this proved the correctness of the whole periodic table and periodic law.

It includes, in addition to the four above, iron and steel, aluminium, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium, rhenium and thallium.

Tunnel diodes are usually made from germanium, but can also be made in gallium arsenide and silicon materials.

* Mendeleev predicted the discovery of other elements and left space for these new elements, namely eka-silicon ( germanium ), eka-aluminium ( gallium ), and eka-boron ( scandium ).

Exotic metals contain rare elements such as cobalt, mercury, titanium, tungsten, arsenic, beryllium, bismuth, cerium, cadmium, niobium, indium, gallium, germanium, lithium, selenium, tantalum, tellurium, vanadium, and zirconium.

* unique germanium ( bartelkeite, calvertite, eyselite, fleischerite, germanite, itoite, krieselite ( germanate topaz ), mathewrogersite, otjisumeite, ovamboite, schaurteite and stottite ) and gallium ( gallobeudantite, söhngeite, tsumgallite ) minerals

A great breakthrough in making sense of this long list ( as well as in understanding the internal structure of atoms as discussed below ) was Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer's development of the periodic table, and particularly Mendeleev's use of it to predict the existence and the properties of germanium, gallium, and scandium, which Mendeleev called ekasilicon, ekaaluminium, and ekaboron respectively.

Aluminium, gallium, germanium, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen are alpha stabilizers.

Concentrations of trace elements ( germanium, gallium and iridium ) are used to separate the iron meteorites into chemical classes, which correspond to separate asteroid parent bodies.

Tandem solar cells based on monolithic, series connected, gallium indium phosphide ( GaInP ), gallium arsenide GaAs, and germanium Ge p-n junctions, are seeing demand rapidly rise.

Those materials include gallium ( 4N, 6N and 7N Ga ), arsenic ( 4N, 6N and 7N ) and germanium, pyrolitic boron nitride ( pBN ) crucibles for growing crystals, and boron oxide, these products are critical to the entire substrate manufacturing industry.

Appreciable gallium and germanium may also be incorporated into the crystal structure.

* Czochralski process-a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors ( e. g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide ), metals ( e. g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold ) and salts ( 1916 )

Arsenic is a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices, and the optoelectronic compound gallium arsenide is the most common semiconductor in use after doped silicon.

It is one of only two elements on the periodic table that are known to be liquids at room temperature ( mercury is the other, although caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature ).

A subclass of this is focused ion beam milling, where gallium ions are used to produce an electron transparent membrane in a specific region of the sample, for example through a device within a microprocessor.

A soft silvery metallic poor metal, elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures.

Today, almost all gallium is used for microelectronics.

Gallium arsenide, the primary use of gallium, is used in microwave circuitry and infrared applications.

Elemental gallium is not found in nature, but it is easily obtained by smelting.

The triple point of gallium of 302. 9166 K ( 29. 7666 ° C, 85. 5799 ° F ), is being used by NIST in preference to gallium's melting point.

Unlike mercury, liquid gallium metal wets glass and skin, making it mechanically more difficult to handle ( even though it is substantially less toxic and requires far fewer precautions ).

This rare, very soft, malleable and easily fusible post-transition metal is chemically similar to gallium and thallium, and shows intermediate properties between these two.

Like gallium, indium is able to wet glass.

Indium has a low melting point, 156. 60 ° C ( 313. 88 ° F ); it is higher than that of its lighter homologue, gallium, but lower than that of the heavier homologue, thallium.

Its boiling point is, however, moderate, being 2072 ° C ( 3762 ° F ), which is higher than that of thallium, but lower than that of gallium, showing opposition to melting points trend.

The density of indium, 7. 31 g · cm < sup >− 3 </ sup >, is also higher than that of gallium, but lower than that of thallium.

Indium is a post-transition metal and chemically, is the intermediate element between its group 13 neighbors gallium and thallium.

It shows two main oxidation states, which are + 1 and + 3, with latter being more stable, whereas the only common oxidation state of gallium is + 3 and thallium shows + 1 more likely than + 3, with thallium ( III ) being a moderately strong oxidizing agent, while indium ( III ) is stable and indium ( I ) is a powerful reducing agent.

Even though gallium will melt from the heat of one's hand just above room temperature, its boiling point is not far from that of copper.