Amethyst was used as a gemstone by the ancient Egyptians and was largely employed in antiquity for intaglio engraved gems.

In the Middle Ages, the name topaz was used to refer to any yellow gemstone, but in modern times it denotes only the silicate described above.

Almandine, sometimes incorrectly called almandite, is the modern gem known as carbuncle ( though originally almost any red gemstone was known by this name ).

While the diamond had disappeared for several decades, there were questions whether this recovered diamond in Britain was exactly the same one as had belonged to the French king, but subsequent scientific investigation in 2008 confirmed " beyond reasonable doubt " that the Hope Diamond and that owned by the French king were, in fact, the same gemstone in the sense that the Hope Diamond had been cut from the same material as the French Blue.

There was a report that the gemstone was bought by a wealthy London banker named Thomas Hope for either $ 65, 000 or $ 90, 000.

A description was that the gemstone " lay on a bed of white silk and surrounded by many small white diamonds cut pear shaped ".

In the Middle Ages, opal was considered a stone that could provide great luck because it was believed to possess all the virtues of each gemstone whose color was represented in the color spectrum of the opal.

The Portuguese Empire was then extremely rich – Portugal collected more gold from the newly found Brazilian mines over a few decades than Spain took from the remaining of Central and South America over 400 years ; there were also the very productive diamond and precious gemstone mines that kept the royal coffers full.

Greeley was among several high-profile investors who were defrauded by Philip Arnold in a famous diamond and gemstone hoax.

In Fūin no Tsurugi and Fire Emblem, the Fire Emblem is a gemstone required for a ceremony to recognize the heir to the kingdom of Bern, and was used to seal away a dragon.

A peculiar fad of the Renaissance sought to couple each tincture with an associated planet, gemstone, flower, astrological sign, etc., but this practice was soon abandoned and is now regarded as wildly divergent from the science of heraldry.

Jet as a gemstone was fashionable during the reign of Queen Victoria, during which the Queen wore Whitby jet as part of her mourning dress.

In 1872, Butler was among the several high-profile investors who were deceived by Philip Arnold in a famous diamond and gemstone hoax.

It is believed that the attack was connected to a three-year dispute over access and control of Bridges ' gemstone mines.

It was also revealed that Eclipso's soul had originally been bound inside a giant black gemstone called the ' Heart of Darkness ' in Africa, until a treasure-hunter found it in the late nineteenth century.

YAG for a period was used in jewelry as a diamond and other gemstone simulant.

Beaudoin was also known for the " gemstone awards " he would give to poets.

Prince Dimitri began designing jewelry in 1999, with a collection of gemstone cufflinks that was sold at Bergdorf Goodman and Saks Fifth Avenue.

Kalahandi was famous for gemstone ( Karonda Mandal ) in ancient time.

* Natural Baltic amber – gemstone which has undergone mechanical treatment only ( for instance: grinding, cutting, turning or polishing ) without any change to its natural properties

* Modified Baltic amber – gemstone subjected only to thermal or high-pressure treatment, which changed its physical properties, including the degree of transparency and color, or shaped under similar conditions out of one nugget, previously cut to the required size.

The country is also known for Tanzanite, a type of precious gemstone that is found only in Tanzania.

The term Cat's Eye, when used by itself as the name of a gemstone, can only be used to refer to a Cat's Eye Chrysoberyl.

Pandora is hidden in a larger gemstone and can only be seen if shone under the moonlight.

Idaho's nickname is the " Gem State ", because nearly every known type of gemstone has been found here.

Orange topaz, also known as precious topaz, is the traditional November birthstone, the symbol of friendship, and the state gemstone of the US state of Utah.

Several accounts, based on remarks written by the gem's first known owner, French gem merchant Jean Baptiste Tavernier, suggest the gemstone originated in India, in the Kollur mine in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh ( which at the time had been part of the Golconda kingdom ), in the seventeenth century.

The Imperial Crown Jewels of Iran ( alternatively known as the Imperial Crown Jewels of Persia ) includes several elaborate Crowns and decorative Thrones, 30 tiaras and numerous aigrettes, a dozen jewel laden swords and shields, a vast amount of precious unset gemstones, numerous plates and other dining services cast in precious metals and encrusted with gems and several other more unique items, such as a gemstone globe, collected by the Iranian monarchy during its 2, 500 year existence.

The Biggs Junction area is well known among rockhounds for being the source of Biggs picture jasper, a semi-precious gemstone.

The ideal product of facet cutting is a gemstone that displays a pleasing balance of internal reflections of light known as brilliance, strong and colorful dispersion which is commonly referred to as " fire ," and brightly colored flashes of reflected light known as scintillation.

It is thus difficult to obtain and as yet too rare and little known to have attained great value as a gemstone.

The CIBJO ( Confédération Internationale de la Bijouterie, Joaillerie et Orfèvrerie ), also known as the World Jewellery Confederation, is an international confederation of jewellery, gemstone, horology, and silverware trade organisations.

Helenite, also known as Mount St. Helens obsidian, emerald obsidianite, and ruby obsidianite, is a synthetic gemstone made from the fused volcanic rock dust from Mount St. Helens.

* Sapphire # Star sapphire, a gemstone that exhibits a star-like phenomenon known as asterism

A gemstone or gem ( also called a precious or semi-precious stone, a fine gem, or jewel ) is a piece of mineral, which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.

Topaz ( Al < sub > 2 </ sub > SiO < sub > 4 </ sub >( F, OH )< sub > 2 </ sub >, often found in granitic pegmatites associated with tourmaline, is a common gemstone mineral.

Sapphire (; sappheiros, " blue stone ") is a gemstone variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminium oxide ( α-Al < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 3 </ sub >).

A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum ( aluminium oxide ).

Carnelian ( also spelled cornelian ) is a brownish-red mineral which is commonly used as a semi-precious gemstone.

Gem generally refers to a gemstone, a cut rock or mineral.

This mineral breaks with a smooth surface, and is used for ornamentation or as a gemstone.

Topaz is a mineral or gemstone.

Like many Sailor Moon villains, each name is based on the name of a mineral or gemstone.

Demantoid is the green gemstone variety of the mineral andradite, a member of the garnet group of minerals.

It is named after the mineral aquamarine, a gemstone mainly found in granite rocks.

Bromellite, both natural and synthetic, is also used as a gemstone or as a collector's mineral.