This may include not only forms of education designed for students with special needs ( ranging from teenage pregnancy to intellectual disability ), but also forms of education designed for a general audience and employing alternative educational philosophies and methods.

A liberal arts institution can be defined as a " college or university curriculum aimed at imparting broad general knowledge and developing general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum.

Thorndike was one of the first to say that individual differences in cognitive tasks were due to how many stimulus response patterns a person had rather than a general intellectual ability.

Formalism, at its most general, considers the synthesis ( or lack of synthesis ) of the multiple elements of film production, and the effects, emotional and intellectual, of that synthesis and of the individual elements.

The mode of production of material life conditions the general process of social, political and intellectual life.

This lack of a defined membership has led some historians to criticise a Lunar Society " legend ", leading people to " confuse it and its efforts with the general growth of intellectual and economic activities in the provinces of eighteenth century Britain ".

A " liberal arts " institution can be defined as a " college or university curriculum aimed at imparting broad general knowledge and developing general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum.

The organization's stated primary purposes are " to advance the ideals and standards of professional cartooning in its many forms ", " to promote and foster a social, cultural and intellectual interchange among professional cartoonists of all types " and " to stimulate and encourage interest in and acceptance of the art of cartooning by aspiring cartoonists, students and the general public.

The resultant academic and public quarrels concerned the scholarly merit, or lack thereof, of humanistic commentary about the physical sciences ; the influence of postmodern philosophy on social disciplines in general ; academic ethics, including whether Sokal was right or wrong to deceive the editors and readers of Social Text ; and whether the journal had exercised the appropriate intellectual rigor before publishing the pseudoscientific article.

Furthermore, he dismissed the proposition that an IQ score measures the general intelligence ( g factor ) of a person, because cognitive ability tests ( IQ tests ) present different types of questions, and the responses tend to form clusters of intellectual acumen.

" The party leadership was relatively united in approving the general direction of Mao's agenda, but the charges against esteemed party leaders like Peng Zhen rang alarm bells in China's intellectual community and among the eight non-Communist parties.

During the middle of the 1830s the Gazette was considered an intellectual journal, strongly supporting the progressive arts and Romanticism in general, and opposing anything which it considers as debasing this.

In his monumental study of Chivalry, The Broad-Stone of Honour, Kenelm Henry Digby offered the following definition: ' Chivalry is only a name for that general spirit or state of mind which disposes men to heroic actions, and keeps them conversant with all that is beautiful and sublime in the intellectual and moral world.

Korzybski is not recorded to have acknowledged any influence from this quarter, but he formulated general semantics during the same years that the first popularizations of Zen were becoming part of the intellectual currency of educated speakers of English.

The ideas of general semantics became a sufficiently important part of the shared intellectual toolkit of genre science fiction to merit parody by Damon Knight and others ; they have since shown a tendency to reappear ( often without attribution ) in the work of more recent writers such as Samuel R. Delany, Suzette Haden Elgin and Robert Anton Wilson.

Writers ' conferences are sometimes designed to provide an intellectual and academic focus for groups of writers without the involvement of the general public.

In addition, the intellectual and religious changes introduced by the Reformation and the Renaissance were important secondary causes of the " general crisis.

A focus on the nature of the creative person considers more general intellectual habits, such as openness, levels of ideation, autonomy, expertise, exploratory behavior and so on.

As leader of the nation's wealthiest and best-known university, Eliot was necessarily a celebrated figure whose opinions were sought on a wide variety of matters, from tax policy ( he offered the first coherent rationale for the charitable tax exemption ) to the intellectual welfare of the general public.

Based on this general principle, if this line is placed below its normal position it indicates an intensely intellectual nature ; if it is placed above its normal position it indicates an intensely materialistic nature and interests.

), intellectual ( social skills, community norms, ethics and general knowledge ) and emotional development ( empathy, compassion, and friendships ).

Mill held that certain amount of conscience, and of disinterested public spirit, may fairly be calculated on in the citizens of any community ripe for representative government, but that " it would be ridiculous to expect such a degree of it, combined with such intellectual discernment, as would be proof against any plausible fallacy tending to make that which was for their class interest appear the dictate of justice and of the general good.

In assessing the outlook for interest rates in 1961, the question, as always, is the prospect for general business activity.

What does the general business outlook suggest about the trend of long-term rates in 1961??

In contrast, just as postmodernism has so far failed to take root in ethnic Chinese circles as opposed to a general sense of Chinese nationalist moral certainty, much of ethnic Chinese scholarship of Chinese history remains largely modernist or even outright traditionalist in outlook.

Humans in Earthdawn are considered to be somewhat warlike in general outlook.

The Liberal Manifesto is a general outlook on the direction of the party would like to mirror itself and is an expansion of the party's foundational principles.

The later theories of Leibniz and Kant seem inspired by this general outlook, but the denial of the objectivity of Space has not been scientifically fruitful.

Another aspect of Trevor-Roper ’ s general outlook on history and on scholarly research that has inspired controversy is his viewpoint on historical experiences of pre-literate societies.

A constant repetition of Passes and Intervals leads to the tantalizing prospect that Pernese outlook in general may be cyclical rather than progressive ; this similarity with Egypt under the Pharaohs would explain the long duration and rigidity of Pernese culture.

* Pessimism and a general negative outlook.

Sainte-Beuve puts down his somewhat hard and unsympathetic outlook quite as much to the uninspiring circumstances of these days as to the general character of his time.

Buddhist bioethics, in general, is characterised by a naturalistic outlook that leads to a rationalistic, pragmatic approach.

Given this outlook, whatever the level of affection Whistler may have felt for his own mother, one finds an even more divergent use of the image in the Victorian era and later, especially in the United States, as an icon for motherhood, affection for parents, and " family values " in general.

But the essential narrowness and timidity of his general outlook prevented him from detecting and estimating latent forces, either in politics or in matters strictly intellectual and moral ; and this lack of understanding and sympathy accounts for his distrust and dislike of the passion and fancy of Shelley and Keats, and for his praise of the half-hearted and elegant romanticism of Samuel Rogers and Thomas Campbell.

Women did respond to these issues, but in terms of general voting they shared the same outlook and the same voting behavior as men.

It is this difference in spirit and general outlook which is the significant thing about industrial unionism.

Many of his experiences in that job, and with vanity publishing in general, shaped his outlook on fiction and provided him with material for many stories.

The Private Libraries Association covers modern fine printing too, but is much more general in its outlook and produces a quarterly journal, the Private Library.

Each character has an angelic or demonic superior, from which he gains some abilities and a general outlook, and which he can try to summon for help.

Observers speculated that with Low at the helm, The Workers ' Party would tone down its more hard-line stance and take on a more centrist outlook at the 2001 general election.

In general, they eschewed the high production values and pop outlook of the Nashville-dominated industry, to produce music with a lo-fi sound, frequently infused with a strong punk and rock & roll aesthetic, bending the traditional rules of country music.

While the Chinese government maintained their support for Arab states, a general pro-Jewish outlook has been observed amongst China's urban populace.

In politics, centrism or the centre describes a political outlook or specific position that involves a general acceptance or support of a balance of a degree of social equality with a degree of social hierarchy, while opposing political changes which would result in a significant shift of society towards either the left or the right.

The general themes of a salutatorian speech and valediction are usually of growth, outlook towards the future, and thankfulness.

Among major French politicians Bayrou's general policy outlook is closer to Obama's than is that of Nicolas Sarkozy or of the Socialists Martine Aubry or Ségolène Royal.