In the United States, about 70 % of cases are caused by genotype 1, 20 % by genotype 2, and about 1 % by each of the other genotypes.

Some genomes from Taiwan and the Okinawa islands have been difficult to type but have been placed in genotype 2.

If the genotype frequencies are in Hardy-Weinberg proportions resulting from random mating, then we will have freq ( AA ) = p < sup > 2 </ sup > for the AA homozygotes in the population, freq ( aa ) = q < sup > 2 </ sup > for the aa homozygotes, and freq ( Aa ) = 2pq for the heterozygotes.

The challenge of a complete theory of population genetics is to provide a set of laws that predictably map a population of genotypes ( G < sub > 1 </ sub >) to a phenotype space ( P < sub > 1 </ sub >), where selection takes place, and another set of laws that map the resulting population ( P < sub > 2 </ sub >) back to genotype space ( G < sub > 2 </ sub >) where Mendelian genetics can predict the next generation of genotypes, thus completing the cycle.

The number of genotype 2 can be classified into two subtypes.

The anthropotropic strains ( genotype 1 and 2 ) have evolved more recently than the others suggesting that this virus was originally a zooenosis.

The major genotypes include rabies virus ( genotype 1 ), Lagos bat virus ( 2 ), Mokola virus ( 3 ), Duvenhage virus ( 4 ), European Bat lyssaviruses 1 and 2 ( 5 and 6 ), and Australian bat lyssavirus ( 7 ).

Sustained virological responses occur in 70 % of genotype 1 cases, ~ 90 % of genotypes 2 and 3, ~ 65 % of genotype 4 and ~ 80 % of genotype 6.

An study of genotype 6 strains suggests an earlier date of evolution: ∼ 1, 100 to 1, 350 years before the present ( 95 % credible region, 600 to > 2, 500 years ago ).

CYP2D6 activity was detectable and concordant with genotype by 2 weeks of age, showed no relationship with gestational age, and did not change with post natal age up to 1 year.

Suppose each population is in an internal Hardy-Weinberg equilibriums, so that the genotype frequencies AA, Aa and aa are p < sup > 2 </ sup >, 2pq, and q < sup > 2 </ sup > respectively for each population.

Crossing these homozygous parental strains will result in F1 generation offspring with genotype AaBb.

Inbred strains ( also called inbred lines, or for animals linear animals ) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding.

Among vaccine strains Jerryl Lynn and Rubini belong to genotype A, Urabe is genotype B.

The nucleocapsid region of lyssavirus is fairly highly conserved from genotype to genotype across both phylogroups ; however, experimental data have shown the lyssavirus strains used in vaccinations are only from the first genotype of the first phylogroup ( i. e. classic rabies ).

Infection with one genotype does not confer immunity against others, and concurrent infection with two strains is possible.

If the strains complement, we imagine that one strain must have a genotype aa BB and the other AA bb, which when crossed yield the genotype AaBb.

Hence, scientists and physicians sometimes talk for example about the ( geno ) type of a particular cancer, that is the genotype of the disease as distinct from the diseased.

One's genotype differs subtly from one's genomic sequence.

These traits arise from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

For example, suntanned skin comes from the interaction between a person's genotype and sunlight ; thus, suntans are not passed on to people's children.

Later report from Nature demonstrated that the same genetic variants are also associated with the natural clearance of the genotype 1 hepatitis C virus.

This is in contrast to a species, which from an evolutionary perspective is a more-or-less stable single genotype, most of the offspring of which will be genetically accurate copies.

Systematics changed from being based on phenotype to the underlying genotype.

It is important to note that this approach does not evaluate the genotype of any particular locus, but instead sums the contributions for a given repeated motif from the many positions in which that motif exists across the genome.

If there is little plasticity, the phenotype of an organism can be reliably predicted from knowledge of the genotype, regardless of environmental peculiarities during development.

This means that a canalized phenotype may form from a large variety of different genotypes, in which case it is not possible to exactly predict the genotype from knowledge of the phenotype ( i. e. the genotype-phenotype map is not invertible ).

Incomplete dominance occurs when the phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes.

( The medical condition produced by the heterozygous genotype is called sickle-cell trait and is a milder condition distinguishable from sickle-cell anemia, thus the alleles show incomplete dominance with respect to anemia, see above ).

It differs from taming in that a change in the phenotypical expression and genotype of the animal occurs, whereas taming is simply the process by which animals become accustomed to human presence.

Noroviruses from Genogroup II, genotype 4 ( abbreviated as GII. 4 ) account for the majority of adult outbreaks of gastroenteritis and often sweep across the globe.

The title and concept of the series of diptychs which constitute this body of work were borrowed from biological science ; each pair of artworks featured a genotype work ( a generative system, formula or situation ), and a phenotype ( one possible expression, manifestation or consequence of the genotype ).

In this case, the genotype frequencies can be predicted from the allele frequencies.

Selection does not act on a single locus, but on a phenotype that arises through development from a complete genotype.

The Hardy – Weinberg principle ( also known by a variety of names: HWP, Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium model, HWE, Hardy – Weinberg Theorem, or Hardy – Weinberg law ) states that both allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant — that is, they are in equilibrium — from generation to generation unless specific disturbing influences are introduced.

Allele frequency can always be calculated from genotype frequency, whereas the reverse requires that the Hardy – Weinberg conditions of random mating apply.

In genetics, maternal effects occur when an organism shows the phenotype expected from the genotype of the mother, irrespective of its own genotype, often due to the mother supplying mRNA or proteins to the egg.

West Africa genotype I is found in Nigeria and the surrounding areas and appears that it is especially virulent or infectious because this type is often associated with major outbreaks.

Genotype 4 is predominant in Southeast Asia and genotype 5 is only seen in South Africa.

Under this state, allele ( gamete ) frequencies can be converted to genotype ( zygote ) frequencies by expanding an appropriate quadratic equation, as shown by Sir Ronald Fisher in his establishment of quantitative genetics.

These can be divided into two groups-Corvida, which retains ancient characters in phenotype and genotype, and Passerida, which has more modern traits.

A compiler ( phenotype ) can be applied on the compiler's own source code ( genotype ) producing the compiler itself.

Whole colonies can reproduce asexually, forming two colonies with the same genotype.

Individuals with XY genotype and functional SRY gene can have an outwardly female phenotype due to an underlying androgen insensitivity syndrome ( AIS ).

Individuals with the same genotype can also exhibit different phenotypes through a mechanism called phenotypic plasticity, which makes heritability difficult to measure in some cases.

For any genotype, B < sub > i </ sub > B < sub > j </ sub >, the expected phenotype can then be written as the sum of the overall mean, a linear effect, and a dominance deviation:

Such individuals have identical genotypes and can be used to separate the effects of genotype and environment.

It can be defined either with respect to a genotype or to a phenotype in a given environment.

Absolute fitness for a genotype can also be calculated as the product of the proportion surviving multiplied by the average fecundity.

The two concepts are related, as can be seen by dividing each by the mean fitness, which is weighted by genotype frequencies.

For example, if the phenotype is almost one-to-one with genotype ( sickle-cell disease ) or the time-scale is sufficiently short, the " constants " can be treated as such ; however, there are many situations where it is inaccurate.

If polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) tests on infected material are positive, subsequent restriction endonuclease pattern analysis of the amplified outer membrane protein A gene can be done to determine the genotype.

Its presence in Vitis vinifera grapes can also be constitutive, with accumulation in ripe berries of different levels of bound and free resveratrols, according to the genotype.

Maternal effects can also be caused by the maternal environment independent of genotype, sometimes controlling the size, sex, or behaviour of the offspring.

This " e, e " genotype for the white Miniature Schnauzer proves that any of the other three colors can carry a gene for the white, and that any dog carrying for white, if bred to another carrier, could produce a white puppy.

Once the genotypes are known, the individual's genotype can be compared with the published literature to determine likelihood of trait expression and disease risk.

The authors indicate that some of the genotypes that can be obtained during diagnosis may not be concordant with the expected pattern of linked marker genotypes, but are still providing sufficient confidence about the unaffected genotype of the embryo.

When unexpected alleles appear during the analysis of a cell, depending on the genotype observed, it is considered that either an abnormal cell has been analysed or that contamination has occurred, and that no diagnosis can be established.

In healthy adults, longterm visual episodic memory can be enhanced specifically through administration of the Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor Donepezil, whereas verbal episodic memory can be improved in persons with the val / val genotype of the val158met polymorphism through administration of the CNS penetrant specific catecholamine-O-methyltransferase inhibitor Tolcapone.