Radiolaria have left a geological record since at least the Ordovician times, and their mineral fossil skeletons can be tracked across the K – T boundary.

The current observed amount of CO < sub > 2 </ sub > exceeds the geological record maxima (~ 300 ppm ) from ice core data.

This definition reflects the spectrum between micro-and macro-evolution, whilst leaving a clear difference between the terms: because the geological record rarely has a resolution better than 10, 000 years, and humans rarely live longer than 100 years, " meso-evolution " is never observed.

However, there was a movement amongst geologists ( particularly Neogene Marine Geologists ) to also include ongoing geological time ( Quaternary ) in the Neogene, while others ( particularly Quaternary Terrestrial Geologists ) insist the Quaternary to be a separate period of distinctly different record.

The somewhat confusing terminology and disagreement amongst geologists on where to draw what hierarchical boundaries, is due to the comparatively fine divisibility of time units as time approaches the present, and due to geological preservation that causes the youngest sedimentary geological record to be preserved over a much larger area and to reflect many more environments, than the older geological record.

" Simpson's conjecture was that according to the geological record, on very rare occasions evolution would proceed very rapidly to form entirely new families, orders, and classes of organisms.

" Dawkins therefore commits himself here to an empirical claim about the geological record, in contrast to his earlier claim that, " The paleontological evidence can be argued about, and I am not qualified to judge it.

The Quaternary geological record is preserved in greater detail than that for earlier periods.

The possible reasons behind this seeming abrupt transition from the absence of stone tools to the presence thereof include ... gaps in the geological record.

Darwin borrowed Charles Lyell's argument in Principles of Geology that the record is extremely imperfect as fossilisation is a very rare occurrence, spread over vast periods of time ; since few areas had been geologically explored, there could only be fragmentary knowledge of geological formations, and fossil collections were very poor.

* ( viii ) " is an outstanding example representing major stages of Earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features "

Decomposition and decay of diatoms leads to organic and inorganic ( in the form of silicates ) sediment, the inorganic component of which can lead to a method of analyzing past marine environments by corings of ocean floors or bay muds, since the inorganic matter is embedded in deposition of clays and silts and forms a permanent geological record of such marine strata.

In the first three quarters of the Earth's history, only one major glaciation is to be found in the geological record.

The geological record suggests that environmental changes were happening in oceans worldwide even before the Sudbury impact.

Dinoflagellates are represented by fossil dinocysts, which have a long geological record with lowest occurrences during the mid-Triassic., whilst geochemical markers suggest a presence to the Early Cambrian

They also accumulate in benthic environments, such as estuaries and bay muds: a geological record of human activities of the last century.

Nemesis is a hypothetical hard-to-detect red dwarf star or brown dwarf, originally postulated in 1984 to be orbiting the Sun at a distance of about 95, 000 AU ( 1. 5 light-years ), somewhat beyond the Oort cloud, to explain a perceived cycle of mass extinctions in the geological record, which seem to occur more often at intervals of 26 million years.

He is known as the " Father of English Geology " for collating the geological history of England and Wales into a single record, although recognition was very slow in coming.

The systematic, factual description of geological formations of different ages contained in Principles grew so unwieldy, however, that Lyell split it off as the Elements in 1838.

Based on geological evidence, however, stronger earthquakes appear to have occurred at approximately 600-year intervals.

He arranged that a large number of useful trees and plants should be sent out in the supply ship which, however, was wrecked, and every vessel that came from New South Wales brought plants or animals or geological and other specimens to Banks.

There is a long history of geological study of these regions since Indonesian colonial times ; however, the geological formation and progression is not fully understood, and theories of the island's geological evolution have changed extensively in recent decades.

Between 1824 and 1826 he lived and worked in Scarborough, and was responsible for the building of the Rotunda, a geological museum devoted to the Yorkshire coast. The Rotunda was re-opened as ' Rotunda – The William Smith Museum of Geology ', on 9 May 2008 by Lord Oxburgh, however, the Prince of Wales visited the Rotunda as early as 14 September 2007 to view the progress of the refurbishment of this listed building.

The town's most famous geological feature, however, is Rattlesnake Gutter, a boulder-filled chasm near the geographic center of town.

The eastern section of the southern border line, however, does overlap with any geological feature.

Some of the engineers felt that going on strike would actually work against the cause, as lack of maintenance below ground could allow geological conditions to deteriorate to a state that would prevent the pit from reopening-defeating the whole goal of opposing closures ; however, hard-line strikers were not always sympathetic to this line of argument.

The geological record however shows a continually relatively warm surface during the complete early temperature record of the Earth with the exception of one cold glacial phase about 2. 4 billion years ago.

There is a long history of geological study of these regions since Indonesian colonial times ; however, the geological formation and progression is not fully understood, and theories of the geological evolution of the islands changed extensively during the last decades of the 20th century.

It was not, however, until 1774 that he published an essay on the subject, accompanied by a geological map, having meanwhile on several occasions revisited the district.

Probably, however, the best service Élie de Beaumont rendered to science was in connection with the geological map of France, in the preparation of which he had the leading share.

Jameson was not at his best in the lecture theatre however, and, for the first half of his career, he grappled with his predecessor John Walker's perverse " Neptunian " geological theories.

( This is, however, no longer used as a formal geological name ).

He made a geological survey of the English and French coasts along the Dover and Calais areas, however the project was abandoned due to lack of money.

The volcanic scoria cone is of the greatest geological and archaeological interest however.

For example, in a coal-supply agreement, the mining company may seek to have " geological risk " included as a force majeure event ; however, the mining company should be doing extensive exploration and analysis of its geological reserves and should not even be negotiating a coal-supply agreement if it cannot take the risk that there may be a geological limit to its coal supply from time to time.

In the geological past of the Earth, however, geological research has shown that much larger events have occurred.

This clock representation shows some of the major units of geological time and definitive events of Earth history.

Morsum is also known for its morsum cliff, that shows the geological history of the last five million years on its height of 21 meters.

Outside the mainland of Afro-Eurasia, these megafaunal extinctions followed a distinctive landmass-by-landmass pattern that closely parallels the spread of humans into previously uninhabited regions of the world, and which shows no correlation with climatic history ( which can be visualized with plots over recent geological time periods of climate markers such as marine oxygen isotopes or atmospheric carbon dioxide levels ).

The exhibition shows various aspects ; from the geological process of creation to production, and use of the stone larvikite, the area's main export product.

The geological map shows the High Weald in lime green ( 9a ).

The geological record shows that it has been a true lake in the past, and as such is one of the oldest lakes on Earth at 20-36 million years old.

* March 2-NASA report that the area where their Mars probe Opportunity touched down shows unmistakable signs of contact with water in the geological past.

As a result of its eventful geological history, Great Britain shows a rich variety of landscapes across the constituent countries of England, Wales and Scotland.

It shows a branching diagram of the plant and animal kingdom against a geological background.

Detailed geological mapping shows that the distribution and orientation of vents and feeder dykes within the volcano have shifted from a triple rift system ( typical of most oceanic island volcanoes ) to one consisting of a single north-south rift.

A geological study of the basin shows evidence of lava flows and eruptions from vents.

Price's interpretation of the evidence was that “ the geological record does not prove succession of ages, but rather shows a “ taxonomic ” series representing different but contemporaneous zones of antediluvian life .”

The bay's geological history differs from its eastern neighbour, St. Margarets Bay, in that Mahone Bay shows a greater variety of soils and bedrock.

A volcano may be designated a Decade Volcano if it exhibits more than one volcanic hazard ( people living near the Decade Volcanoes may experience tephra fall, pyroclastic flows, lava flows, lahars, volcanic edifice instability and lava dome collapse ); shows recent geological activity ; is located in a populated area ( eruptions at any of the Decade Volcanoes may threaten tens or hundreds of thousands of people, and therefore mitigating eruption hazards at these volcanoes is crucial ); is politically and physically accessible for study ; and there is local support for the work.

Although anoxic events have not happened for millions of years, the geological record shows that they happened many times in the past.

The image shows a variety of tectonic features that attest to Enceladus ' dynamic geological history.

Besides being a topographic map of surprisingly modern aspect, the Turin Papyrus is also a geological map ( the earliest known ) because it accurately shows the local distribution of different rock types ( with black and pink hills ) and the lithologically diverse wadi gravels ( with brown, green and white dots ), and it contains information on quarrying and mining.

However, the geological record shows a continually relatively warm surface in the full early temperature record of the Earth, with the exception of a cold phase, the Huronian glaciation, about 2. 4 to 2. 1 billion years ago.