Factors examined and discussed include global or regional climate change ( cf.

Callicott is, perhaps, best known for his research which explores an Aldo Leopold ethic as a response to global climate change.

After studying the circumpolar current it is clear that it strongly influences regional and global climate as well as underwater biodiversity.

* Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual.

Through photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that in large amounts can affect global climate.

In the chapter on climate change in his 2001 book A Skeptical Environmentalist he states ; " This chapter accepts the reality of man-made global warming but questions the way in which future scenarios have been arrived at and finds that forecasts of climate change of 6 degrees by the end of the century are not plausible.

" Lomborg claims to have consistently supported the position that global warming exists, but cost benefit analyses, as calculated by the Copenhagen Consensus ranked climate mitigation initiatives low on a list of international development initiatives when first done in 2004.

The Tethys Sea connecting the tropical oceans east to west also helped in warming the global climate.

The regression would also have caused climate changes, partly by disrupting winds and ocean currents and partly by reducing the Earth's albedo and therefore increasing global temperatures.

In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term " climate change " often refers only to changes in modern climate, including the rise in average surface temperature known as global warming.

* finally, ( coupled ) atmosphere – ocean – sea ice global climate models discretise and solve the full equations for mass and energy transfer and radiant exchange.

It also drives the carbon cycle, which influences global climate via the greenhouse effect.

Planetary engineering is largely the realm of science fiction at present, although some types of climate change on Earth are recent evidence that humans can cause change on a global scale.

These doctrines remain relevant, and most recently have been used by plaintiffs seeking to impose liability for the consequences of global climate change.

One way to avoid the stigma of an " ism " was to evolve early anti-nuclear groups into the more scientific Green Parties, sprout new NGOs such as Greenpeace and Earth Action, and devoted groups to protecting global biodiversity and preventing global warming and climate change.

Environmentalists often clash with others, particularly “ corporate interests ,” over issues of the management of natural resources, like in the case of the atmosphere as a “ carbon dump ”, the focus of climate change, and global warming controversy.

Reanalysis provides a most comprehensive and accurate four-dimensional picture of our atmosphere and effectively allows monitoring of the variability and change of global climate, thereby contributing also to the understanding and attribution of climate change.

However, in 2010, Lomborg reversed his position and he now agrees with " tens of billions of dollars a year to be invested in tackling climate change " and declared global warming to be " undoubtedly one of the chief concerns facing the world today " and " a challenge humanity must confront ".

During the last several decades the number of El Niño events increased, and the number of La Niña events decreased, although we may need to observe ENSO for much longer to detect robust changes The question is whether this is a random fluctuation or a normal instance of variation for that phenomenon or the result of global climate changes toward global warming.

More recently, he has endorsed the now common usage of " global warming " as synonymous with global anthropogenic climate change, referring to recent " measurements that transformed global warming from a vague theoretical speculation into a precise observational science.

Most recently, the 1991 explosion of Mount Pinatubo, a stratovolcano in the Philippines, cooled global temperatures for about 2 – 3 years.

During these years, Branigan's chart success cooled in the United States, though she was still in demand around the world and went on several global tours.

As the global climate cooled, New World taxa thrived while Old World populations declined.

While removing the global clock signal makes the design process considerably more complex in many ways, asynchronous ( or clockless ) designs carry marked advantages in power consumption and heat dissipation in comparison with similar synchronous designs.

The global population is fluctuating considerably over the years but remains generally stable ; it is roughly estimated at 1-2 million pairs or so, about 20 % of which are found in Europe.

Growth slowed considerably in 2001-05 as part of the global economic slowdown.

The Dutch economy was hit considerably by the ongoing global financial crisis and the ensuing European debt crisis.

Nonlinear penalty functions have been used, particularly to reduce the effect of outliers on the classifier, but unless care is taken the problem becomes non-convex, and thus it is considerably more difficult to find a global solution.

The local minimum found can be, in many cases, considerably worse than a global minimum, which translates into a low-quality drawing.

This algorithm provides a good balance between the exploration and the exploitation paradigms of the algorithm which can considerably improve the efficiency of the algorithm and therefore the CSS also can be considered as a good global and local optimizer simultaneously.

Meanwhile, the economy had deteriorated considerably as a result of the global recession precipitated by the First World War.

The resulting culture clash was considerable ; local scrutineers, who had been applying the Group A regulations as written, repeatedly disagreed with European teams ( notably that of Rudi Eggenberger ) and the global organising body ( FISA, the ancestor of the FIA ) that were considerably more liberal with their interpretations.

The Navy grew considerably during the global struggle with France that started in 1690 and culminated in the Napoleonic Wars, a time when the practice of fighting under sail was developed to its highest point.

In certain ways, a literal pool resembles a TOC or a global offset table ( GOT ), except that the implementation is considerably simpler, and there may be multiple literal tables per object.

Pierre Calame believes that " on-state actors have always played an essential role in global regulation, but their role will grow considerably in this, the beginning of the twenty-first Century.

tribute to him on the occasion of his 80th birthday, in recognition of his pioneering achievements which considerably affected the field of global optimization.

A common criticism has been that many social science scholars ( such as economists, sociologists, and psychologists ) in Western countries focus disproportionately on Western subjects, while anthropology focuses disproportionately on the " other "; this has changed over the last part of the twentieth century as anthropologists increasingly, also study Western subjects, particularly variation across class, region, or ethnicity within Western societies, and other social scientists increasingly take a global view of their fields.

Dramatic declines in amphibian populations, including population crashes and mass localized extinction, have been noted in the past two decades from locations all over the world, and amphibian declines are thus perceived as one of the most critical threats to global biodiversity.

Thanks to a large amount of copper resources, progressive legislation and a healthy investment environment, Chile has become the copper mining capital of the world, producing over 1 / 3 of the global copper output.

Climate change may occur over long and short timescales from a variety of factors ; recent warming is discussed in global warming.

Climate change is the variation in global or regional climates over time.

The regulatory feedback between organisms and their environment can affect conditions from local ( e. g., a beaver pond ) to global scales, over time and even after death, such as decaying logs or silica skeleton deposits from marine organisms.

In a notable exception, over 1, 000 local groups from around the country united for a single day of action as part of the Step It Up 2007 campaign for real solutions to global warming.

By December 2006, over 1, 237, 000 square kilometers of forest land in Canada ( about half the global total ) had been certified as being sustainably managed ( Canadian Sustainable Forestry Certification Coalition ).

It builds on the success in 2010 of The 1billonhungry project and the subsequent chain of public events that led to the collection of over three million signatures on a global petition to end hunger ( www. EndingHunger. org ).

In reply, he notes that " y objections to the global warming propaganda are not so much over the technical facts, about which I do not know much, but it ’ s rather against the way those people behave and the kind of intolerance to criticism that a lot of them have.

Disputes between offices over fund-raising and organizational direction split the global movement as the North American offices were reluctant to be under the authority of the Vancouver office and its president Patrick Moore.

Together with EREC, Greenpeace has formulated a global energy scenario, " Energy evolution ", where 80 % of the world's total energy is produced with renewables, and the emissions of the energy sector are decreased by over 80 % of the 1990 levels by 2050.

Through links to research networks in other regions ( such as Internet2 and ESnet in the USA, TEIN in Asia-Pacific and RedCLARA in Latin America ), GÉANT allows collaboration between researchers on a global scale, reaching over 60 NRENs outside of Europe.

The global warming controversy concerns the debate over the existence of global warming, its causes and effects, and what to do about it.

Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.

In addition, the firm is known for the attention it gives to cost control, operational details and continuous product development, allowing it to lower its prices by an average of two to three percent over the decade to 2010, while continuing its global expansion.

Public international law has increased in use and importance vastly over the twentieth century, due to the increase in global trade, environmental deterioration on a worldwide scale, awareness of human rights violations, rapid and vast increases in international transportation and a boom in global communications.

So, the global population of speakers of Inuit language variants is on the order of over 90, 000 people.

Portuguese decline in Asia was accelerated by the attacks on their commercial empire by the Dutch and the English, which began a global struggle over empire in Asia that lasted until the end of the Seven Years ' War in 1763.

For instance, J. Scott Armstrong challenged Al Gore to a climate-related bet in 2007 that focused on year-to-year variation in temperatures but not on betting over longer term changes in global average temperatures.

The idea of universal jurisdiction is fundamental to the operation of global organizations such as the United Nations and the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ), which jointly assert the benefit of maintaining legal entities with jurisdiction over a wide range of matters of significance to states ( the ICJ should not be confused with the ICC and this version of " universal jurisdiction " is not the same as that enacted in the War Crimes Law ( Belgium ) which is an assertion of extraterritorial jurisdiction that will fail to gain implementation in any other state under the standard provisions of public policy ).