As colonial rule was ending throughout the continent and as African-majority governments assumed control in neighbouring Northern Rhodesia and in Nyasaland, the white-minority Rhodesia government led by Ian Smith made a Unilateral Declaration of Independence ( UDI ) from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965, effectively repudiating the British plan that the country should become a multi-racial democracy.

Although officially denied by the Nigerian government, Nigeria is known to have also provided secret military training at the Kaduna first mechanized army division and provided other material support to Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe's guerrilla forces during the Rhodesian Bush War ( Renamed Zimbabwe in 1979 ) of independence against white minority rule of Prime Minister Ian Douglas Smith which was armed and financed by the regime in South Africa.

* 1965 – In Rhodesia ( modern-day Zimbabwe ), the white-minority government of Ian Smith unilaterally declares independence.

Led by Prime Minister Ian Smith, it endured as an unrecognized state under white rule for the next 14 years, with majority rule coming in 1979 with the Internal Settlement between Smith's government and moderate black nationalists, the associated multiracial elections and the reconstitution of the country as Zimbabwe Rhodesia, with Bishop Abel Muzorewa at the helm of a coalition cabinet comprising 12 blacks and five whites.

** In Rhodesia ( modern-day Zimbabwe ), the white-minority government of Ian Smith unilaterally declares independence (' UDI ').

** The first black-led government of Rhodesia in 90 years takes power, in succession to Ian Smith and under his power-sharing deal.

Since 1993, Lord Mayors have not received any automatic honours upon appointment ; instead, they have been created Knights Bachelor upon retirement, although Gordon Brown's government broke with tradition by awarding Ian Luder the CBE after his term of office in 2009, and the following year Nick Anstee declined the offer of any national honour.

Wilson refused to grant independence to the white minority government headed by Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith which showed little inclination to extend political influence to the native African population, let alone to grant majority rule.

In February 1956, Ian Wood, a Liberal Party Senator for Queensland, alleged that the government had demanded payments from pastoralists in order to ensure the extension of pastoral leases, and that these payments had been diverted to Labor Party funds.

Coal mining had been nationalised by Clement Attlee's Labour government in 1947 and was in 1984 managed by the National Coal Board ( NCB ) under Ian MacGregor and, as in most of Europe, was heavily subsidised.

The Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union, an electricians ' union, actively opposed the strike ; Ian MacGregor's autobiography detailed how its leaders supplied the government with valuable information that allowed the strike to be defeated.

Ian Douglas Smith GCLM ID ( 8 April 1919 – 20 November 2007 ) was a politician active in the government of Southern Rhodesia, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Rhodesia, Zimbabwe Rhodesia and Zimbabwe from 1948 to 1987, most notably serving as Prime Minister of Rhodesia from 13 April 1964 to 1 June 1979.

After William Hague ruled out Britain joining the euro under a Conservative government, former cabinet minister Ian Gilmour said he would vote for the PECP, and four former Conservative MPs-Julian Critchley, Nicholas Scott, David Knox, Robert Hicks-and four former MEPs-Margaret Daly, Adam Fergusson, Madron Seligman and Anthony Simpson-wrote in a letter to The Times that " We would have wished that William Hague's party had put forward a manifesto more like that of the Pro Euro Conservative Party.

French clashed with the Chief Secretary Edward Shortt over his insistence that he exercise executive authority in Dublin, and when Lloyd George formed a new government in January 1919 Shortt was replaced by the more pliable Ian Macpherson.

In 2003, he was the victim of a personal attack by the leader of Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party, Ian Paisley, a former outspoken critic of the Republic of Ireland and its government.

It was criticised by the government's own ecological adviser, Dr Ian Bainbridge, the government body Scottish Natural Heritage and organisations including the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

He formed a joint government with Ian Smith, the former Prime Minister of Rhodesia, who was a Minister without Portfolio.

In September 1968, the Appellate Division of the Rhodesian High Court ruled that Ian Smith ’ s administration had become the “ de jure ” government of the country, not just the “ de facto ” one.

A dispute over the terms for the granting of full statehood to the self-governing colony of Rhodesia led its predominantly white minority government, headed by Prime Minister Ian Smith, to unilaterally declare independence from Britain on 11 November 1965.

Its physical manifestation was, however, as a conflict between the minority white settler government of Ian Smith Rhodesian Front and the African nationalists of the Patriotic Front alliance of ZANU ( mainly Shona ) and ZAPU ( mainly Ndebele ) movements, led by Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo respectively.

The Nationalists saw their country as having been occupied and dominated by a foreign power, namely, Britain, since 1980-even though the British Government, in the person of the Governor General had been expelled in 1964 by the Rhodesian Front government of Ian Smith and had only ruled since the end of the British South Africa Company in the 1920s.

It also saw the first student teach-in at Oxford, where students debated alternative non-violent means of protest and protests at the London School of Economics against the government of Ian Smith in Rhodesia.

The parties represented during the conference were: the British Government, the Patriotic Front led by Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo, ZAPU ( Zimbabwe African Peoples Union ) and ZANU ( Zimbabwe African National Union ) and the Zimbabwe Rhodesia government, represented by Bishop Abel Muzorewa and Ian Smith.

The conference was called to implement the terms of Henry Kissinger's agreement with Prime Minister Ian Smith of Rhodesia from the previous month on the creation of an interim government to preside while a new majority-rule constitution was written.

" Anarcho-capitalist Walter Block claims, however, that, while Adam Smith was an advocate of economic freedom, he also allowed for government to intervene in many areas.

In 1926, Hughes was appointed by New York Governor Alfred E. Smith to be the chairman of a State Reorganization Commission through which Smith's plan to place the Governor as the head of a rationalized state government, was accomplished, bringing to realization what Hughes himself had envisioned.

In the 18th century Adam Smith popularized the forms " feudal government " and " feudal system " in his book Wealth of Nations ( 1776 ).

Two of the most outspoken critics of the guild system were Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith, and all over Europe a tendency to oppose government control over trades in favour of laissez-faire free market systems was growing rapidly and making its way into the political and legal system.

The government asserts it can detain American citizens " not because there is evidence that they have committed a crime, but merely because the government wishes to investigate them for possible wrongdoing ," wrote Judge Smith, an appointee of former President George W. Bush.

It saw the Conservative MPs Neil Hamilton and Tim Smith leave the government in disgrace, and a Committee on Standards in Public Life established to prevent such corruption occurring again.

This includes the importance of human rationality, individual property rights, free markets, natural rights, the protection of civil liberties, constitutional limitation of government, and individual freedom from restraint as exemplified in the writings of John Locke, Adam Smith, David Hume, David Ricardo, Voltaire, Montesquieu and others.

In 1871, Smith filed a claim with the federal government for the land around the buildings, and on August 20, 1873, he became the town's first postmaster.

A provisional government subsequently headed by Smith and his moderate collaborator Abel Muzorewa, however, failed in appeasing international critics or halting the bloodshed.

Adam Smith made the argument that free labor was economically better than slave labor, and argued further that slavery in Europe ended during the Middle Ages, and then only after both the church and state were separate, independent and strong institutions, that it is nearly impossible to end slavery in a free, democratic and republican forms of governments since many of its legislators or political figures were slave owners, and would not punish themselves, and that slaves would be better able to gain their freedom when there was centralized government, or a central authority like a king or the church.

The islands have had their own government headed by a chief minister, the first of whom was James Alexander George Smith McCartney, since August 1976.

In 1940, Congress enacted the Smith Act, making it illegal to advocate " the propriety of overthrowing or destroying any government in the United States by force and violence.

" Advocacy of abstract doctrine remains protected while speech explicitly inciting the forcible overthrow of the government is punishable under the Smith Act.

Smith was considered Daugherty's proxy, and a central figure, in government file manipulation, paroles and pardons, influence peddling and even bag-man.

Unable to leave Switzerland, where he and his young wife spent most of the war, Smith reported whatever the Swiss government would permit.

Adam Smith defined " defense, infrastructure, justice, education and a stable currency " as the role of government.

The Globe and Mail wrote: "... any group that does not come under the control of the Party is a threat " Craig S. Smith of The Wall Street Journal suggests that the government which has by definition no view of spirituality, lacks moral credibility with which to fight an expressly spiritual foe ; the party feels increasingly threatened by any belief system that challenges its ideology and has an ability to organize itself.