* Brest has also several grandes écoles and other undergraduate or graduate schools:

Since early 20th century, student admission has been based on a competitive exam after attending a classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles or similar undergraduate studies.

It is quite different from typical university or college studies ; and specific to the French system of grandes écoles.

The curriculum is similar to those offered at other French grandes écoles, such as École Polytechnique, École des Mines de Paris, École Supérieure d ' Électricité ( Supélec ), or École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées.

At the end of the second year (“ Mathématiques spéciales ”) students can take a nation-wide competitive entrance examination for the grandes écoles, including École centrale Paris.

This was a time in France when, following the Moroccan crisis of 1911, nationalism reached " fever pitch " – a period one historian described as " The Hegemony of Patriotism " ( 1911 – 1914 ), particularly affecting opinion in the lycées and grandes écoles of Paris.

* Caen also has a Fine Arts school ( École des Beaux-Arts ) and " grandes écoles " such as the École nationale supérieure d ' ingénieurs de Caen.

The two brothers are now a teacher in a classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles at Lycée Blaise-Pascal in Orsay and a CNRS researcher at Jussieu's Mathematics Institute, respectively.

Some other terms may apply in specific schools, some depending on the classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles attended.

As a graduate of the Conservatoire, one of France's grandes écoles he was required to serve only ten months rather than the three years generally required.

Amongst these degrees the university-delivered DEUG has disappeared, whereas Diplôme universitaire de technologie, Brevet de Technicien Supérieur or classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles still exist.

Télécom ParisTech ( also known as ENST or Télécom or École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications ) is one of the most prestigious and selective grandes écoles in France and one of the finest institutions in the field of Telecommunications.

* The École nationale supérieure de chimie et de physique de Bordeaux, one of the French grandes écoles

Compiègne is home to the University of Technology of Compiègne ( UTC ), an engineering school founded in the mid-1970s to provide an alternative to the traditional " grandes écoles " for students interested in technical fields.

Admission to ENA is granted based a competitive examination at the beginning of September, which people generally take after completing studies at the Institut d ' études politiques de Paris ( more widely known as Sciences Po ) or any prép ' ena ( preparatory classes for the ENA examination in universities or others grandes écoles ).

In France, admission to the grandes écoles is obtained by competitive exams with a fixed, limited number of positions each year.

Called the Ingénieur polytechnicien ( polytechnic engineer ) program, this attracts the strongest students from the two-year post-secondary-school science and math preparatory programs for the grandes écoles, provides those who pass the famously selective entrance exam with a broad scientific education, and opens the way for many of them to careers in positions of influence in government, industry, finance, and research.

The Polytechnique is one of the grandes écoles that have traditionally prepared technocrats to lead French government and industry, and has been one of the most privileged routes into the elite divisions of the civil service known as the grands corps de l ' état.

The École normale supérieure (; also known as Normale sup ’, Normale, and ENS ) is one of the most prestigious French grandes écoles ( higher education establishments outside the mainstream framework of the public universities system ).

Like many other grandes écoles, the ENS mostly enrols its students two or three years after high school.

The majority of them come from prépas ( preparatory classes, see grandes écoles ) and have to pass France's most selective competitive exams.

The grandes écoles select students for admission based chiefly on national ranking in competitive written and oral exams.

The grandes écoles do not have large student bodies ( 5, 000 at the largest establishment ; most have a few hundred students each year ).

Some grandes écoles concentrate on a single subject area, such as engineering, sciences or business.

* the vacances d ' été ( summer ), or grandes vacances ( literally: big holidays )-two months in July and August.

Classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles ( CPGE ) or prépas ( literally preparatory classes for the grandes écoles ) are sometimes nicknamed the " royal way ", because it is the way most students get into the most prestigious schools.

The phrase ' grandes écoles ' originated in 1794 after the French revolution, when the National Convention created the École Normale Supérieure, the mathematician Gaspard Monge and Lazare Carnot created the École Polytechnique and the abbot Henri Grégoire created the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers.

Admission to the “ grandes écoles ” and “ French universities ” is very different.

By contrast, to be admitted into one of the French " grandes écoles ", most students study in a two-year preparatory program in one of the CPGE before taking a highly competitive national exam.

The top rated schools are truly elitist: the students of the top grandes écoles equal to around 1 % of French higher education nationwide and fewer than 5, 000 students graduate from them every year.

* Mastère en sciences, French degree in higher education accredited by the Conférence des grandes écoles.

Yet, many of the most prestigious French grandes écoles already existed.

5 % of the French students go into classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles ( prep school ) for two years which prepare to the entrance exams of prestigious schools, like École Normale Supérieure, HEC Paris, École polytechnique, Télécom ParisTech or Supélec.

The Université de Toulouse is a consortium of French universities, grandes écoles and other institutions of higher education and research, named after one of the earliest universities established in Europe in 1229, and including the successor universities to that earlier university.

Collegiate universities grouping several engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French grandes écoles provide sciences and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes.

Most of the students enter Grenoble INP after a two-year undergraduate program, the French classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles, the selection being made according to the results of an entrance exam.

* April 11 — The French government enacts the Loi relative à l ' établissement des grandes lignes de chemins de fer which establishes the plan for French railroads ' placement in a star pattern centered around Paris.

They are distinct from other elite French schools, most notably the highly-specialized grandes écoles ( although they are usually considered as such ), given their multi-disciplinary approach to teaching.

The 19th century development of French road and rail systems, and other social infrastructure, was greatly aided by the grandes écoles, inherited from the prior era: graduates of these high-standards schools became the engineers and policy-makers of French industrialization.

Besides, it is a member of the consortium of French universities, grandes écoles and other institutions of higher education and research University of Toulouse.

Then there was a famous Spanish reworking of the French Prose Tristan, Libro del muy esforzado caballero Don Tristán de Leonís y de sus grandes hechos en armas first published in Valladolid in 1501, then republised in Seville in 1511, 1520, 1525, 1528, 1533 and 1534 ; additionally a second part, Tristan el Joven, was created which dealt with Tristan's son, Tristan of Leonis.

* Les grandes heures de Corbie: timeline ( in French and English )