Mistreated and starved, the imprisoned Louis XVII was forced to confess to incest with his mother, Queen Marie-Antoinette, ( untrue ; separated early, son and mother were disallowed communication, nevertheless, the allegation helped earn her the guillotine ).

Though he spent some of his money trying to clean up swamps and eradicate malaria, he was nonetheless sent to the guillotine during the Reign of Terror as an enemy of the people.

After Robespierre was sent to the guillotine, however, David was imprisoned and changed the attitude of his rhetoric.

The former Louis XVI, now simply named Citoyen Louis Capet ( Citizen Louis Capet ), was executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793 on the Place de la Révolution, former Place Louis XV, now called the Place de la Concorde.

However, the trial progressed and Louis XVI was executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793.

The King was later tried and convicted and, on 21 January 1793, was executed by the guillotine.

Only after the Flight to Varennes removed most of the remaining sympathy for the king was a republic declared and Louis XVI sent to the guillotine.

Nine months after her husband's execution, Marie Antoinette was herself tried, convicted by the Convention for treason to the principles of the revolution, and executed by guillotine on 16 October 1793.

However, the sentence did not come until one month later, when he was condemned to execution by guillotine.

He was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793 as a desacralized French citizen known as " Citoyen Louis Capet ", a nickname in reference to Hugh Capet, the founder of the Capetian dynasty – which the revolutionaries interpreted as Louis ' family name.

On Monday, 21 January 1793, Louis was beheaded by guillotine on the Place de la Révolution.

The first execution by guillotine was performed on highwayman Nicolas Jacques Pelletier on 25 April 1792.

The guillotine was thus perceived to deliver an immediate death without risk of suffocation.

The guillotine remained the official method of execution in France until the death penalty was abolished in 1981.

In Germany, where the guillotine is known as Fallbeil (" falling axe "), it was used in various German states from the 17th century onwards, becoming the preferred method of execution in Napoleonic times in many parts of Germany.

In Sweden, where beheading became the mandatory method of execution in 1866, the guillotine replaced manual beheading in 1903 and was used only once, in the execution of murderer Alfred Ander in 1910 at Långholmen Prison, Stockholm.

As the guillotine was invented specifically to be humane, however, the issue was seriously considered.

La Veuve de Saint-Pierre ( 2000 ) by Patrice Leconte, for which she was nominated for a César for Best Actress, was a period drama which saw Binoche appear opposite Daniel Auteuil in the role of a woman who attempts to save a condemned man from the guillotine.

On the 21 September 1792, the National Convention abolished the monarchy and deposed King Louis XVI, who was later executed by guillotine.

Finally, on 6 April 1793, the Convention created the Committee of Public Safety ( later headed by Maximilien Robespierre ), and was given a monumental task: “ To deal with the radical movements of the Enragés, food shortages and riots, the revolt in the Vendée and in Brittany, recent defeats of its armies, and the desertion of its commanding general .” Most notably, the Committee of Public Safety instated a policy of terror, and the guillotine began to fall on perceived enemies of the republic at an ever-increasing rate, beginning the period known today as the Reign of Terror.

A guillotine sluice isolates the main channel of the river when flood water is diverted into the Cut-off Channel, and the river then passes over the channel in a concrete aqueduct.

He is then sentenced to death and executed by the guillotine on February 4, 1894, shouting " Death to bourgeois society and long live anarchy!

Caserio is then executed by guillotine on August 15.

He continued to embellish Louveciennes for Madame du Barry until the Revolution, and then the guillotine came for her and absolute ruin for him.

The cemetery is only five minutes from Place de la Nation, where the guillotine was set up under the Terror in 1794, on the Place du Trone, then called the Place du Trône Renversé.

Percy is then immediately sentenced to the guillotine.

Axe beheading was the only method of execution in Berlin until 1938, when it was decreed that all civil executions would henceforth be carried out by guillotine.

Decapitation by guillotine was the only legal method of execution in France ( in a few cases, the firing squad was used ) from the time of the French Revolution until 1981, when President François Mitterrand abolished capital punishment and issued commutations for those whose sentences had not been executed.

It was replaced by guillotine, which was used for the first and only time on Alfred Ander in 1910.

On 22 July that year his 70 year old mother ( the dowager Duchess Françoise de Noailles ), his wife ( the Duchess Anne-Louise-Henriette ), their eldest daughter Louise ( the Viscomte d ' Ayen virtue of marriage to her cousin Marc Antoine de Noaille ), and their second daughter, Adrienne de la Fayette, were condemned to the guillotine ; Adrienne was spared at the last moment ( possibly due to American intervention-there is debate ) only after her grandmother, mother, and sister were beheaded within her sight.

He was taken to the guillotine shortly after Robespierre on 28 July 1794, only semi-conscious when led to the platform.

There, he was arrested in May 1793, imprisoned for two years, and only escaped the guillotine through the courage of a friend.

She was exposed to some of the dangers of the French Revolution, and, it is said, escaped the guillotine only by her great presence of mind.

Closely related to packing problems and specifically to bin packing problems, it is the question of how to get the maximum number of sheets of one rectangular size out of a larger sheet, only orthogonal cuts that bisect one component of the sheet are allowed, as on a paper cutting guillotine.

The method of application of the death penalty for civil capital offences in France 1791-1981 was beheading with the guillotine.

The guillotine and the firing squad were the legal methods of execution during the German Empire ( 1871 – 1918 ) and the Weimar Republic ( 1919 – 1933 ).

It was last used in 1977, the last legal beheading in a democratic country, and the last use of guillotine in the world.

* September 10 – Hamida Djandoubi's is the last guillotine execution in France.

In prison, while awaiting the execution of his death sentence by the guillotine, Meursault meets with a chaplain, but rejects his proffered opportunity of turning to God, explaining that God is a waste of his time.

Marie Antoinette before her public execution by guillotine in 1793.

Beheading typically refers to the act of intentional decapitation, e. g., as a means of murder or execution ; it may be accomplished, for example, with an axe, sword, knife, wire, or by other more sophisticated means such as a guillotine.

Condemned to the guillotine during the Reign of Terror, du Pont's execution was pending when Robespierre fell on 9 thermidor an IV ( 27 July 1794 ), and he was spared.

After the execution of some 104 Robespierre supporters, the Thermidorian Reaction stopped the use of the guillotine against alleged counterrevolutionaries, set a middle course between the monarchists and the radicals and ushered in a time of relative exuberance and its accompanying corruption.

First execution using the guillotine.

He was beheaded by guillotine ( the customary form of execution in Saxony at the time ; it was by axe in the rest of Germany ) on January 10, 1934, three days before his 25th birthday.

The method of his execution was the " maiden " — a guillotine based on a model of the Halifax gibbet, which he had brought personally from England, having been " impressed by its clean work ".

A gibbet is any instrument of public execution ( including guillotine, executioner's block, impalement stake, hanging gallows, or related scaffold ), but gibbeting refer to the use of a gallows-type structure from which the dead or dying bodies of executed criminals were hung on public display to deter other existing or potential criminals.

The Nobles cards carry points values and are collected by players after execution, while Action cards allow the player to perform various acts including rearranging the order of Nobles approaching the guillotine, steal Nobles or Action cards from other players, enhance the point values of certain categories of Nobles ( see " Noble Types " below ) and so forth.

A man who has been condemned to death by the guillotine in 19th century France writes down his cogitations, feelings and fears while awaiting his execution.

The Maiden ( also known as the Scottish Maiden ) is an early form of guillotine, or gibbet, once used as a means of execution in Edinburgh, Scotland.