The Yamato court ultimately exercised power over clans in Kyūshū and Honshū, bestowing titles, some hereditary, on clan chieftains.

The Yamato court, concentrated in the Asuka region, exercised power over clans in Kyūshū and Honshū, bestowing titles, some hereditary, on clan chieftains.

The hereditary chieftains from the Mu family collected taxes and tribute, which then went to the Ming court in the form of silver and grains.

In 1723, during the Qing Dynasty, hereditary local chieftains in the Lijiang area were replaced by court officials, and the Mu chieftains were included in this group retaining position as local administrators.

The hereditary titles of clan chieftains were abolished, and three ministries were established to advise the throne:

Morton Fried and Elman Service have hypothesised that Ubaid culture saw the rise of an elite class of hereditary chieftains, perhaps heads of kin groups linked in some way to the administration of the temple shrines and their granaries, responsible for mediating intra-group conflict and maintaining social order.

In 1394 he accompanied Richard II to Ireland, but notwithstanding a commission from the King as lieutenant of the districts over which he exercised nominal authority by hereditary right, he made little headway against the native Irish chieftains.

The hereditary chieftains of the area, or tuath, were the O ' Learys, known as Uí Laoghaire Ruis Ó gCairbre, until it passed to Norman control in the early thirteenth century.

Local chieftains ruled their respective territories with hereditary titles bestowed by the Tibetan government.

The Rangatira are the hereditary Māori leaders of hapū, often described by Europeans as chieftains.

Rangatira () are the hereditary Māori leaders of hapū, and were described by ethnologists such as Elsdon Best as chieftains ( p. 88 ).

Pagi, usually pairs of pagi combined, formed kingdoms ( regna ) which, it is generally believed, were permanent and hereditary.

Lord Aberdare was one of the ninety-two elected hereditary peers that were allowed to remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999. the title is held by his son, the fifth Baron, who succeeded in 2005 and was elected to the House of Lords in 2009.

Under the duke were three aristocratic families, whose heads bore the title of viscount and held hereditary positions in the Lu bureacracy.

These were technically royal officials and hereditary princes.

At this time there were two customary means of selecting a leader: having a hereditary leader for general purposes, and choosing someone with good qualities in times of crisis or opportunities for action.

While calling the social structure as a racial caste or caste-like system, these scholars noted that African Americans were segregated, shunned through refused entry into restaurants and hotels, isolated, excluded, and fixed in a hereditary system with the anti-miscegenation laws declaring interracial sex or marriage a criminal offense.

Within this outcastes, there were hierarchies, such as dan boat people, bandang people, beggar households, and hereditary servant people.

All Tibetan castes were hereditary and transmitted by parallel descent.

Other Tuareg castes were also hereditary and social strata closed with one exception: if a slave woman married a noble or vassal, her children could belong to the respective free caste.

This system was so fixed, the mores so strong, the affiliation and culture so widely ingrained that while nobles were insisting that certain exclusive privileges be theirs, theirs alone and of their offsprings, shepherds in the countryside were insisting, occasionally with violent demonstrations, that their jobs be strictly hereditary.

In economically impoverished times, such demands for hereditary exclusivity and related mores were stronger.

Ireland had social strata that were hereditary, closed and hierarchical.

The details changed with time, the core was the same: a hierarchical society, with each strata closed, privileges that were hereditary, and mobility was non-existent.

The hierarchical, exclusionary and hereditary characteristics of these were similar to estates in other parts of Europe.

Even the Church and hereditary clergy had become highly hierarchical, and the holders of benefices, the canons and the monks were under scandalous aspersions and mutual repulsion.

These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.

These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.

These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.

These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.

These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.

These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.

These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.

These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.

The greatest of these families included the Ó Dálaigh ( O ' Daly ), several of whom were accorded the rank of ' chief ollamh of poetry of all Ireland ,' and O ' hUiginn ( O ' Higgins ) who were hereditary filí in more than one Gaelic house such as O ' Conor Slighit, The MacDermotts, The McDonagh and O ' Doherty., The Ó Maol Chonaire chiefly as Ollamh of the Síol Muireadhaigh, the Ó Conchubhair Donn and the MacDermot of Moylurg ; although this family was also associated with Ulster and spread from Connacht into the courts of Munster and Leinster.

O ' Brien's engagement during 1904-5 with the Irish Reform Association was equally condemned by Dillon who despised all dealings with the " hereditary enemy ".

* O ' Neill of Clannaboy, one of the hereditary Chiefs of the name of Ireland

Historically, the O ' Hagans were centred in the County Tyrone ; their chief was seated at Tullahogue, and had the hereditary right of inaugurating The O ' Neill, as overlord of Ulster.

* William O ' Neill, 1st Baron O ' Neill ( 1813 – 1883 ), Anglo-Irish hereditary peer, clergyman and musical composer

* 10 July – Denis O ' Conor Don, hereditary chief of the O ' Conor Don sept ( born 1912 ).

* Denis O ' Conor Don, hereditary chief of the O ' Conor Don sept ( died 2000 ).

In April 1656, Dubhaltach acted as a witness to his hereditary lord, Dathi Og O Dubhda ( David O Dowd ) upon his marriage to Dorothy O Down.

" White Head " from O ' Ceanndubhain Sept who were hereditary physicians to the O ' Flahertys of Connemara.

" The descendants of Máiné Mór ," says O ' Clery, " had many privileges and immunities from the Kings of Connacht and their successors ; viz .— they were hereditary marshals or generals of the Connacht armies ; they possessed and enjoyed the third part of all the strongholds, and sea-port towns in the province ; also a third part of all prizes and wrecks of the sea, and of all hidden treasures found under ground, and of all silver and gold mines and other metals, belonged to them, together with a third part of all Eric or Reprisals gained and recovered by the Kings of Connacht from other provinces for wrongs received ; with many other of the like enumerated in the ancient Chronicles.

The inaugural ceremony of each succeeding O ' Dowd was presided over by a MacFirbis, the hereditary chroniclers of the clan.

This gable is a memorial to the Gaelic Literary tradition from the 13th-18th century as represented by the O ' Duigenans, hereditary erenachs of Kilronan ( lay abbots who held church land from generation to generation ), and chroniclers ( as well as bards and ollavs-hereditary poets ) to the MacDermots, Princes of Moylurg, down to Turlough O ' Carolan, sometimes styled " The Last of the Bards ".