" Medieval heresies: a bibliography, 1960 – 1979.

Twisted and trapped inside the now-physical body of the former Empyreal Chaos by the Exalted, they were shunted out of Creation, becoming the Hell known as Malfeas, the Demon City and its unfortunate inmates ; they are half-remembered only as the Yozis – primitive, ill-understood, and impersonal cosmic deities, and their continued worship is reckoned among the highest of heresies.

The 1551 – 52 sessions convened by Pope Julius III at the Catholic Council of Trent restated and reaffirmed Catholic teaching and condemned anew the Protestant heresies.

The steward of the district, a convert of Nikkō's called Hagiri Sanenaga, also began to commit " heresies "— actions such as building a private temple dedicated to the Buddha Amida and visiting Shinto shrines — with assurances from one of the other six senior priests, Mimbu Nikō ( 民部日向, 1253 – 1314 ), that this was acceptable.

Later, that 4th-century collector of heresies, Epiphanius of Salamis, asserts that the Sabellians made use of this gospel ; though it is unlikely that he had any firsthand information about Sabellius, who taught in Rome in the mid-2nd century, his connection of the gospel with Sabellius would confirm a date early in the 2nd century, whereas the euphemism, the Word logos, as an appellation of the Saviour, which appears in the gospel, betokens the influence of the Gospel of John, thus suggesting a date ca 120 – 150.

They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the sovereign Lord who bought them – bringing swift destruction on themselves.

His focus on the history of the organisation of the English church, and on heresies and the efforts made to root them out, led him to exclude the secular history of kings and kingdoms except where a moral lesson could be drawn or where they illuminated events in the church.

Some of these viewpoints were eventually declared as heresies, others led to schisms and the formation of new branches of the Church.

His focus on the history of the organization of the English church, and on heresies and the efforts made to root them out, led him to exclude the secular history of kings and kingdoms except where a moral lesson could be drawn or where they illuminated events in the church.

Such questions led to earlier heresies like Arianism, Sabellianism, Docetism, etc.

The First Sunday of Great Lent is the Feast of Orthodoxy, which commemorates the restoration of the veneration of icons after the Iconoclast controversy, which is considered to be the triumph of the Church over the last of the great heresies which troubled her ( all later heresies being simply a rehashing of earlier ones ).

By late 1636, as the controversy deepened, Hutchinson and her followers were accused of two heresies in the Puritan church: antinomianism and familism.

The years were marked by persecution of the followers of the Paulician and Bogomil heresies — one of his last acts was to publicly burn at the stake Basil, a Bogomil leader, with whom he had engaged in a theological dispute.

His views were condemned in a Synod at Alexandria, under Athanasius of Alexandria, in 362, and later subdivided into several different heresies, the main ones of which were the Polemians and the Antidicomarianites.

At the Alexandrian Council of 326, Athanasius was elected to succeed the aged Alexander, and various heresies and schisms of Egypt were denounced.

Mild measures were agreed on for those heretic bishops who repented, but severe penance was decreed for the chief leaders of the major heresies.

The Council issued condemnations on what it defined as Protestant heresies and defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of saints.

The work ends with an extended passage against the contemporary divisions and heresies within the church.

The huge early heresies, like the Albigenses, had not the faintest excuse in moral superiority.

A large part of what is known about the beliefs of heresies comes from the documents quoted in councils in order to be refuted, or indeed only from the deductions based on the refutations.

Colossians does not state with precision what heresies were being faced by the church.

There are approximately 44 different theories what the heresies encountered by the church at Colossae were, including a view there was no particular heresy at all but issues typical of those faced by believers.

Ephrem used these to warn his flock of the heresies which threatened to divide the early church.

" He devised hymns laden with doctrinal details to inoculate right-thinking Christians against heresies such as docetism.

Ephrem asserts that Christ's unity of humanity and divinity represents peace, perfection and salvation ; in contrast, docetism and other heresies sought to divide or reduce Christ's nature, and in doing so would rend and devalue Christ's followers with their false teachings.

His views were condemned in a Synod at Alexandria, under Athanasius of Alexandria, in 362, and later subdivided into several different heresies, the main ones of which were the Polemians and the Antidicomarianites.

The New Testament itself speaks of the importance of maintaining correct ( orthodox ) doctrine and refuting heresies, showing the antiquity of the concern.

Indeed one of the main roles of the bishops in the early Church was to determine and retain important correct beliefs, and refute contrarian opinions, known as heresies.

Such views gave rise to some theology of the " incarnation " that were declared heresies.

The ecumenical councils maintain the integrity of the teaching of the undivided Church concerning the saving, illuminating / justifying and glorifying acts of God and reject heresies which subvert the saving work of God in Christ.

Irenaeus pointed to Scripture as a proof of orthodox Christianity against heresies, classifying as Scripture not only the Old Testament but most of the books now known as the New Testament, while excluding many works, a large number by Gnostics, that flourished in the 2nd century and claimed scriptural authority.

The entire apology for Christianity formed by the three volumes of the Traité, which combated severally the heresies of atheism, deism, and Socinianism, was received with praise.

The " Malmad ," owing to its deep ethical vein, became, despite its Maimonistic heresies, a very popular book.

* Pope St. Pius X's encyclical Pascendi, in which he defines Modernism as " the synthesis of all heresies ".

Regardless of its accuracy the charge of Manichaeism was levelled at them by contemporary orthodox opponents, who often tried to make contemporary heresies conform to those combatted by the church fathers.

* 1626 – Sabbatai Zevi, Montenegrin rabbi, founder of the Sabbatean movement ( d. 1676 )

17th century Khmelnytsky Uprising | destructions and Sabbatai Zevi | false Messianism brought disillusionment to the Jews of Eastern Europe.

This schism became particularly acute after the Messianic movement of Sabbatai Zevi in the 17th century.

* Nathan of Gaza, a theologian and author who became famous as a prophet for the alleged messiah, Sabbatai Zevi

Debate continued over the generations ; Delmedigo's arguments were echoed by Leon of Modena ( d. 1648 ) in his Ari Nohem, and a work devoted to the criticism of the Zohar, Miṭpaḥat Sefarim, was written by Jacob Emden ( d. 1776 ), who, waging war against the remaining adherents of the Sabbatai Zevi movement ( in which Zevi, a false messiah and Jewish apostate, cited Messianic prophecies from the Zohar as proof of his legitimacy ), endeavored to show that the book on which Zevi based his doctrines was a forgery.

* Sabbatai Zevi declares himself the Messiah at Smyrna.

* September 16 – Apostasy of Sabbatai Zevi

* September 17 – Sabbatai Zevi, Montenegrin rabbi, kabbalist and founder of the Jewish Sabbatean movement ( b. 1626 )

* Sabbatai Zevi

Throughout Jewish history there have been a number of false messiah claimants, including most notably Simon bar Kokhba and Sabbatai Zevi, whose followers were known as Sabbateans.

; 1626 – 1676: False Messiah Sabbatai Zevi.

Note: Most Sabbateans during and after Sabbatai Zevi were Jews and practiced only Judaism, whereas the Dönmeh officially practice / d Islam and are not regarded as Jews.

Sabbateans ( Sabbatians ) is a complex general term that refers to a variety of followers of, disciples and believers in Sabbatai Zevi ( 1626 – 1676 ), a Jewish rabbi who was proclaimed to be the Jewish Messiah in 1665 by Nathan of Gaza.

Sabbatai Zevi " enthroned " as the Jewish Messiah, from Tikkun, Amsterdam, 1666.

Jewish historians have stated that it is hard to describe the national sense of shock and trauma that set in when the masses of Jews all over the world learned that someone as famous as Sabbatai Zevi had officially abandoned his faith for Islam.

Claims of ties between Sabbatean Kabbalah and Sufism go back to the days of Sabbatai Zevi.

However, confirmed direct ties between Sabbatai Zevi and any Sufi order are conjectural and hearsay.

It was alleged that these amulets recognized the Messianic claims of Sabbatai Zevi.

Emden was known for his attacks directed against the adherents, or those he supposed to be adherents, of Sabbatai Zevi.

Critics of Hasidic Judaism expressed concern that Hasidism might become a messianic sect as had occurred among the followers of both Sabbatai Zevi and Jacob Frank.

However The Baal Shem Tov, the founder of Hasidism, came at a time when the Jewish masses of Eastern Europe were reeling in bewilderment and disappointment engendered by the two Jewish false messiahs Sabbatai Zevi ( 1626 – 1676 ) and Jacob Frank ( 1726 – 1791 ) in particular.

Rabbi Tzvi Ashkenazi ( 1656 – 1718 ) known as the Chacham Tzvi, for some time rabbi of Amsterdam, was a resolute opponent of the followers of Sabbatai Zevi.