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The historical consciousness that becomes visible in their work is a significant rupture in our thinking about the past ... Human agency was a central element in the historical thought of Machiavelli and Guicciardini, but they did not have a modern notion of individuality ... They started to disentangle historiography from its rhetorical framework, and in Guicciardini ’ s work we can observe the first traces of a critical historical method.
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historical and consciousness
The apolitical Husserl before had specifically avoided such historical discussions, pointedly preferring to go directly to an investigation of consciousness.
# The actual historical process is not predetermined but depends on the class struggle, especially the organization and consciousness of the working class.
His campaigns are further blamed for damaging the historical culture and society of China, as relics and religious sites were destroyed in an effort to rapidly modernize the consciousness of the nation.
It advocates universal education with a focus on developing the proletariat with knowledge, class consciousness, and understanding the historical development of communism.
Films are effective propaganda tools because they establish visual icons of historical reality and consciousness, define public attitudes of the time they ’ re depicting or that at which they were filmed, mobilize people for a common cause, or bring attention to an unknown cause.
Political and historical films represent, influence, and create historical consciousness and are able to distort events making it a persuasive and possibly untrustworthy medium.
In his new role as social theorist, Adorno's philosophical analysis of cultural phenomena heavily relied on the language of historical materialism, as concepts like reification, false consciousness and ideology came to play an ever more prominent role in his work.
It made a continuous historical consciousness possible.
In the 19th century " dédoublement " or double consciousness, the historical precursor to DID, was frequently described as a state of sleepwalking, with scholars hypothesizing that the patients were switching between a normal consciousness and a " sonambulistic state ".
Among the questions asked in these essays are " What is ' meaning ', what are its historical relationships to what is purportedly identified under the rubric ' voice ' as a value of presence, presence of the object, presence of meaning to consciousness, self-presence in so called living speech and in self-consciousness?
For its historical impact through the centuries, Cambridge was widely recognized as the most influential European University, one that " continues to play a very particular role for the university consciousness in the world ," Its decision to confer an honorary degree to Derrida was seen as a challenge to the apparent hegemony of the Anglo-American Analytic philosophy over most of the philosophy departments of the Anglophone world.
" We are not witnessing an end of writing which, to follow McLuhan's ideological representation, would restore a transparency or immediacy of social relations ; but indeed a more and more powerful historical unfolding of a general writing of which the system of speech, consciousness, meaning, presence, truth, etc., would only be an effect, to be analyzed as such.
It is also noteworthy that Husserl's analysis of the formal structures of consciousness, and Schuetz's analysis of the formal structures of the Life-world are specifically intended to establish the foundations, in consciousness, for the understanding and interpretation of a social world which is subject to cultural and historical change.
However, by the Archaic period and the first historical consciousness, most had already become aristocratic oligarchies.
He adds that human consciousness transcends ( is not reducible to ) its historical and cultural conditioning, and even suggests the possibility of a " transconscious ".
" The impact of the illiteracy, the lack of social institutions and the rampant discrimination faced by Roma in Europe today have produced a people who, according to Fortuna, lack a " national consciousness ... and historical memory of the Holocaust because there is no Roma elite.
The historical Baron Münchhausen was said to be deeply annoyed that his name was dragged into the public consciousness as the lying baron through the publication of stories under his name.
More recently, novels such as Frederik Pohl's The Coming of the Quantum Cats and Neal Stephenson's Anathem explore human-scale readings of the " many worlds " interpretation of quantum mechanics, postulating that historical events or human consciousness spawns or allows " travel " among alternate universes.
Although the definition and identification of the inhabitants of Great Moravia proved to be politically imperative and difficult, additionally historical records are anything else but precise in this question, the current consensus among most of the Slovak historians is that Slovaks exist as a people with consciousness of their national identity since the 9th or 10th century, therefore we can identify the Slavic inhabitants living on the territory of this realm as Slovaks.
Some anarchists, while rejecting dialetical or historical materialism claim other bases for the inevitability of revolution, such as the natural yearning of consciousness for freedom ; these anarchists find their mirror within Marxist intellectual movements in individuals such as Herbert Marcuse.
The proletarian culture will increase class consciousness, teach revolutionary theory and historical analysis, and thus propagate further revolutionary organisation among the social classes.
The excavation and the reconstruction of the prehistoric settlement has played an instrumental part in Polish historical consciousness.
historical and becomes
Around the end of the 1st century, the church's organization becomes clearer in historical documents.
A Viking longship is burnt during Edinburgh's annual Hogmanay celebrations ( though Edinburgh has no historical connection with the Norse invaders ). When Ne ' erday falls on a Sunday, 3 January becomes an additional public holiday in Scotland ; when Ne ' erday falls on a Saturday, both 3 and 4 January will be public holidays in Scotland ; when Ne ' erday falls on a Friday, 4 January becomes an additional public holiday in Scotland.
Heidegger's intuition about the question of being is thus a historical argument, which in his later work becomes his concern with the " history of being ," that is, the history of the forgetting of being, which according to Heidegger requires that philosophy retrace its footsteps through a productive " destruction " of the history of philosophy.
By taking samples from different sites and different strata within a particular region, researchers can build a comprehensive historical sequence that becomes a part of the scientific record ; for example, ancient timbers found in buildings can be dated to give an indication of when the source tree was alive and growing, setting an upper limit on the age of the wood.
" It is then that the theater becomes registered as a historical landmark.
* Montez was allegedly the inspiration for Jennifer Wilde's historical romance novel Dare To Love ( 1978 ), whose protagonist Elena Lopez is also a British woman passing herself off as Spanish who becomes an exotic dancer.
According to Eliade, this " terror of history " becomes especially acute when violent and threatening historical events confront modern man — the mere fact that a terrible event has happened, that it is part of history, is of little comfort to those who suffer from it.
According to this point of view, culture becomes such an integral part of human existence that it is the human environment, and most cultural change can be attributed to human adaptation to historical events.
This is presented as the lengthy narrative of the aged Hubert de Burgh, who is supposed to have saved Arthur's life and accompanied him on crusade to the Holy Land, where he becomes King of Jerusalem and eventually returns to England, defeats King John and kills his son Henry Plantagenet ( the historical Henry III ) in single combat.
What this eventual unintended historical outcome does mean is that the prison system becomes a system designed to produce prisons for ' ever ', making it impossible for the prison to be removed from society maximising the criminal justice system's survival, making sure of the objective that the criminals themselves ' police ' and protect the whole criminal justice system.
This approach becomes important when examining designs with large or undefined ( historical ) margins and those that depend on ' soft ' controls such as programmatic limits or requirements.
( Since " Indiana " literally means " land of the Indians ", the historical mistake initiated by Columbus becomes inherently absurd and clunky: " of the people of the land of the Indians ," or perhaps " of the land of the land of the Indians ", or even " of the land of the land of the land of the people of India ") A search of the state's official website at in. gov on June 16, 2010 found 13 instances of the word Indianian and 47 of the word Indianan, compared to more than 20, 000 of the word Hoosier.
The historical photography process of gum bichromate photography uses gum arabic mixed with ammonium or potassium dichromate and pigment to create a coloured photographic emulsion that becomes relatively insoluble in water upon exposure to ultraviolet light.
The emphasis on the inevitability of progress leads to the mistaken belief that the progressive sequence of events becomes " a line of causation ," tempting the historian to go no further to investigate the causes of historical change.
The other meaning of palatalization is encountered in historical linguistics, and refers to a sound change in which a consonant's place of articulation becomes closer to the palatal position.
Palatalization may result in a phonemic split, that is, a historical change by which a phoneme becomes two new phonemes over time through phonetic palatalization.
The definitions given above are based partly on a historical understanding of the relationship between Britons, Angles and Gaels ( and later, Norse and Normans ) which was more complex than a simple process of invasion and settlement, and partly on geography which becomes less well defined as we move north.
Further, given Canada's founding as a French colony and the constant and consistent influence of French-Canadian culture and society on Canada's historical development, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine whether Canada could exist at all without Quebec.
It is also revealed, in a framing sequence, that Halo becomes a legendary historical figure in centuries to come.
“ Once the professed interrelationship between the first-person narrator, the death-camp story he narrates, and historical reality are proved palpably false, what was a masterpiece becomes kitsch ” ( Maechler, 2000, p. 281 ).
Further, Spengler asserts that not only is pre-Cultural man without history, he loses his historical weight as his Culture becomes exhausted and becomes a more and more defined Civilization.
This historical novel tells the story of a Portuguese missionary in early 17th-century Japan who becomes an apostate under the threat of torture but continues to keep the Christian faith in private.
The story is set in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, and the major characters include Eddie Wesley, a Harlem writer ; Aurelia, the woman Eddie loves, who becomes a professor at Cornell University ; and a number of real-life historical figures, including Richard Nixon and Langston Hughes.
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