The homophile movement began in the late 1940s with groups in the Netherlands and Denmark, and continued throughout the 1950s and 1960s with groups in Sweden, Norway, the United States, France, Britain and elsewhere.

Kay Lahusen, who photographed the marches in 1965, stated, " Up to 1969, this movement was generally called the homosexual or homophile movement ....

" Cory was a pseudonym, but his frank and openly subjective descriptions served as a stimulus to the emerging homosexual self-awareness and the nascent homophile movement.

The homophile movement also refers to the gay rights movement of the 1950s and ' 60s.

Coined by the German astrologist, author and psychoanalyst Karl-Günther Heimsoth in his 1924 doctoral dissertation " Hetero-und Homophilie ," the term was in common use in the 1950s and 1960s by homosexual organizations and publications ; the groups of this period are now known collectively as the homophile movement.

Gay Sunshine magazine declared the convention " the battle that ended the homophile movement ".

The Black Cat Bar in San Francisco was the focus of one of the earliest victories of the homophile movement.

The homophile movement has been described as " politically conservative ", although their calls for social acceptance of same-sex love and transsexuality were seen as radical fringe views by the dominant culture of the time.

After the Stonewall riots in New York City in late June 1969 many within the emerging Gay liberation movement in the U. S. saw themselves as connected with the New Left rather than the established homophile groups of the time.

The words " Gay liberation " echoed " Women's liberation "; the Gay Liberation Front consciously took its name from the National Liberation Fronts of Vietnam and Algeria ; and the slogan " Gay Power ", as a defiant answer to the rights-oriented homophile movement, was inspired by Black Power, which was a response to the civil rights movement.

These groups, now known as the " homophile " movement, often had left-wing or socialist politics, such as the communist Mattachine Society and the Dutch COC which originated on the left.

W. Dorr Legg ( born William Dorr Lambert Legg 1904 — July 26, 1994 ), was a landscape architect and one of the founders of the United States gay rights movement, then called the homophile movement.

After Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau decriminalized homosexuality in 1969, a medical research assistant placed an advertisement in The Varsity seeking volunteers to establish the first university homophile association in Canada.

In late February 1933, as the moderating influence of Ernst Röhm weakened, the Nazi Party launched its purge of homosexual ( gay, lesbian, and bisexual ; then known as homophile ) clubs in Berlin, outlawed sex publications, and banned organized gay groups.

In late February 1933, as the moderating influence of Ernst Röhm weakened, the Nazi Party launched its purge of homosexual ( gay, lesbian, and bisexual ; then known as " homophile ") clubs in Berlin, outlawed sex publications, and banned organised gay groups.

The motif of masks and unmasking was prevalent in the homophile era, prefiguring the political strategy of coming out and giving the Mattachine Society its name.

According to Gay Lib writer Toby Marotta, " their Gay political outlooks were not homophile but liberationist ".

By the mid 1960s, gays, lesbians and transpeople in the United States were forming more visible communities, and this was reflected in the political strategies of American homophile groups.

Historian Michael Sibalis describes the belief of the French homophile group Arcadie, " that public hostility to homosexuals resulted largely from their outrageous and promiscuous behaviour ; homophiles would win the good opinion of the public and the authorities by showing themselves to be discreet, dignified, virtuous and respectable.

Historian Leila Rupp describes the ICSE as a classic example of transnational organizing ; " It created a network across national borders, nurtured a transnational homophile identity, and engaged in activism designed to change both laws and minds.

Specifically, the word ' gay ' was preferred to previous designations such as homosexual or homophile ; some saw ' gay ' as a rejection of the false dichotomy heterosexual / homosexual.

From the anarchistic Gay Liberation Movement of the early 1970s arose a more reformist and single-issue " Gay Rights Movement ", which portrayed gays and lesbians as a minority group and used the language of civil rights — in many respects continuing the work of the homophile period.

The first widely used term, homosexual, was thought to carry negative connotations and tended to be replaced by homophile in the 1950s and 1960s, and subsequently gay in the 1970s.

The term homophile began to disappear with the emergence of the Gay Liberation movements of the late 1960s and early 1970s, replaced by a new set of terminology such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender, although some of the homophile groups survived until the 1980s, 1990s and even the present day.

These groups usually preferred the term " homophile " to " homosexual ", emphasizing love over sex.

Early homophile groups in the U. S. sought to prove that gay people could be assimilated into society, and they favored non-confrontational education for homosexuals and heterosexuals alike.

Previous organizations such as the Mattachine Society, the Daughters of Bilitis, and various homophile groups had masked their purpose by deliberately choosing obscure names.

In 1951, the president and vice-president of the Dutch COC initiated an International Congress of European homophile groups, which resulted in the formation of the International Committee for Sexual Equality ( ICSE ).

The success of ECHO inspired other homophile groups across the country to explore the idea of forming a national homophile umbrella group.

In recent years the term " homophile " has also been adopted by anti-gay groups and Christian fundamentalists, particularly in the United States and Poland, as a term of abuse for gay men and lesbians by attempting to imply a link between homosexuality and paedophilia, notionally treating " homophile " as a portmanteau of " homo-sexual " and " paedo-phile ".

On March 28, 1969 in San Francisco, Leo Laurence ( the editor of Vector, magazine of the United States ' largest homophile organization, the Society for Individual Rights ) called for " the Homosexual Revolution of 1969 ," exhorting gay men and lesbians to Join the Black Panthers and other left-wing groups and to " come out " en masse.

Many saw their roots in left radicalism more than in the established homophile groups of the time, such as British and American Gay Liberation Front, the British Gay Left Collective, the Italian Fuori !, the French FHAR, the German Rotzschwule, and the Dutch Red Faggots.

The Mattachine and DOB considered the trials of being arrested for wearing clothing of the opposite gender as a parallel to the struggles of homophile organizations: similar but distinctly separate.

The rise of militancy became apparent to Frank Kameny and Barbara Gittings — who had worked in homophile organizations for years and were both very public about their roles — when they attended a GLF meeting to see the new group.

For initial funding, Gunnison served as treasurer and sought donations from the national homophile organizations and sponsors, while Sargeant solicited donations via the Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop customer mailing list and Nixon worked to gain financial support from GLF in his position as treasurer for that organization.

The word homophile is an alternative to the word for homosexual or gay.

An early LGBT activist, Sarria co-founded several homophile organizations, including the League for Civil Education, the Tavern Guild and the Society for Individual Rights.

* Society for Individual Rights, a defunct homophile organization

Matty Dean spends more time with Ethan, who is a writer under a pseudonym for a homophile magazine.

* COC is the Dutch acronym (" Center for Culture and Recreation ") for the earliest homophile organisation, founded in 1946.

Professor Susan Stryker classifies the Compton's Cafeteria riot as an " act of antitransgender discrimination, rather than an act of discrimination against sexual orientation " and connects the uprising to the issues of gender, race, and class that were being downplayed by homophile organizations.

Feeling as if their issues were not being addressed by homophile organizations, many members of the DOB began to say that lesbians had more in common with heterosexual women than men.