The Lombards played on the pre-existing hostility between the Avars and the Byzantines, claiming that the latter were allied with the Gepids.

Some expressed incomprehension or even hostility, varying from a rejection by the archaeological mainstream of what they saw as an archaeoastronomical fringe to an incomprehension between the cultural focus of archaeologists and the quantitative focus of early archaeoastronomers.

The continued hostility between the Communists on the mainland and the Nationalists on Taiwan continued throughout the Cold War.

Christian attitudes to Judaism and to the Jewish people developed from the early years of Christianity, the persecution of Christians in the New Testament, and persisted over the ensuing centuries, driven by numerous factors including theological differences, competition between Church and Synagogue, the Christian drive for converts decreed by the Great Commission, misunderstanding of Jewish beliefs and practices, and a perceived Jewish hostility toward Christians.

Traditionally these have been interpreted as examples of government hostility toward commerce, but more recent studies, which use source material such as magistrate diaries and genealogical records, suggest that merchants in fact had a powerful impact on government policies and that the division between the world of the merchant and the world of the official was far more porous than traditionally believed.

In May 1945, after a year of growing hostility between the president and the assembly, which was vainly awaiting deeds to substantiate Velasco's rhetorical advocacy of social justice, the mercurial chief executive condemned and then repudiated the newly completed constitution.

Following the Finnish Civil War and October revolution, Russians were virtually equated with Communists and due to official hostility to Communism, Finno-Soviet relations in the period between the world wars remained tense.

* Article 40 ( a )( iv ) of the Print and Publications Act No. 10 of 1993 states that it is prohibited to publish articles that are likely to jeopardize national unity, incite others to commit crimes, stir up hostility, and foment hatred, division and discord between members of society.

One factor contributing to hostility between the two powers was the dispute over full control of the Arvand Roud waterway, with the dispute dating back to the Ottoman-Persian Wars of the 16th and 17th centuries.

Most of the manuscripts were created by Christian monks, who may well have been torn between the desire to record their native culture and their religious hostility to pagan beliefs resulting in some of the gods being euhemerized.

However, after months of increasing hostility between Šķēle and leading coalition politicians, the coalition parties demanded and received the prime minister's resignation on 28 July.

Growing economic disparities caused increased hostility between indigenous groups and Americo-Liberians.

He contends that because of European fears of a unified revolt of Native Americans and African Americans, the colonists encouraged hostility between the ethnic groups: " Whites sought to convince Native Americans that African Americans worked against their best interests.

In 1972, the first formal summit meeting between Pyongyang and Seoul was held, but cautious talks did not lead much of anywhere and relations between the two Koreas continued down the path of hostility.

It has been particularly noted for the strong level of hostility between the two teams ' fanbases, with incidents such as the 1989 Bounty Bowls.

While this simple method worked well in a small community of Christians unified by persecution, as the congregation grew in size, the acclamation of a new bishop was fraught with division, and rival claimants and a certain class hostility between patrician and plebeian candidates unsettled some episcopal elections.

Drawing on Classical sources and upon their own internal interactions — for example, the hostility between the English and Irish was a powerful influence on early European thinking about the differences between people — Europeans began to sort themselves and others into groups based on physical appearance, and to attribute to individuals belonging to these groups behaviors and capacities which were claimed to be deeply ingrained.

Ferenczi tried to distinguish between several different types of homosexuality, basing his distinctions on an unspecified number of patients whose analyses had sometimes lasted for a short period and sometimes “ a whole year and even longer .” Ferenczi hoped to cure some kinds of homosexuality completely, but was content in practice with reducing what he considered gay men's hostility to women, along with the urgency of their homosexual desires, and with helping them to become attracted to and potent with women.

Many historians trace the origins of hostility between Somalia and Ethiopia to this war.

Pitt regarded Grenville's action as a betrayal and there was hostility between them for several years.

However, due to the hostility of relations between Arafat and Syrian President Hafez al-Assad ( who had previously ousted President Salah Jadid ), the Palestinian fighters crossed the border into Lebanon to join PLO forces in that country, where they set up their new headquarters.

Watkin Tench, of the First Fleet, wrote of an admiration for the Aborigines of Sydney as good natured and good humoured people, though he also reported violent hostility between the Eora and Cammeraygal peoples, and noted violent domestic altercations between his friend Bennelong and his wife Barangaroo.

There was outright hostility to the Volunteers from the " separation women " ( so-called because they were paid " Separation Money " by the British government ), who had husbands and son fighting in the British Army in World War I, and among unionists.

The aftermath of the Rising, and in particular the British reaction to it, helped to sway a large section of Irish nationalist opinion away from hostility or ambivalence and towards support for the rebels of Easter 1916.

During the 1920 Jerusalem riots, the 1921 Palestine riots and the 1929 Palestine riots, Palestinian Arabs manifested hostility against Zionist immigration and Jewish communities, which provoked the reaction of Jewish militias, sometimes supported by British troops.

Besides the colonial employers, one of the main targets of popular hostility was the tribal chiefs who the British had transformed into functionaries in the colonial system of indirect rule.

British audiences, however, fearing increased political radicalism as a result of the French Revolution, received it with more hostility.

When Heath signed an accession treaty before Parliament had even debated the issue, the second reading of the Bill to put the Treaty into law was passed by just eight votes on second reading, and it became clear that the British people would have no further say in the matter, he declared hostility to his party's line.

A hotbed of Abenaki hostility toward British settlements was located further up the Kennebec at Norridgewock.

With the arrival in Britain of refugee German and Viennese analysts in the 1930s, including Anna Freud herself in 1938, the hostility between the orthodox Freudians and Kleinians in the British Society grew more intense.

Sporadic manifestations of hostility between the French and British took place in different seas, but avowed war did not begin till the French government issued its declaration of 30 March, to which Great Britain replied on 31 March.

Since a period of stagnation had set in on the British part of the front, a simmering hostility rose up among the rank and file of the French army.

James's work has remained steadily popular with the limited audience of educated readers to whom he spoke during his lifetime, and remained firmly in the British canon, but after his death American critics, such as Van Wyck Brooks, expressed hostility towards James's long expatriation and eventual naturalisation as a British citizen.

Carr also sees, as background motives, the British hostility to slavery, and a consequent wish to disentangle Britain from the United States.

This hostility emerged from three sources: grievances at British violations of American sovereignty, restriction of American trade by Britain, and an American desire to gain territory by invading and annexing the poorly-defended British North American colonies.

He opposed the policy of protective duties, but supported Pitt's commercial propositions in 1785 for establishing free trade between Great Britain and Ireland, which, however, had to be abandoned owing to the hostility of the British mercantile classes.

Although a professed opponent of the slave trade and slavery, he also had a deep lifelong hostility towards the United States and believed that a dissolution of the Union would weaken the United States ( and therefore enhance British power ) and that the Southern Confederacy " would afford a valuable and extensive market for British manufactures ".

Robin Richardson, an original member of the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia, at a 2009 symposium on " Islamophobia and Religious Discrimination ", said that " the disadvantages of the term Islamophobia are significant " on seven different grounds, including that it implies it is merely a " severe mental illness " affecting " only a tiny minority of people "; that use of the term makes those to whom it is applied " defensive and defiant " and absolves the user of " the responsibility of trying to understand them " or trying to change their views ; that it implies that hostility to Muslims is divorced from factors such as skin color, immigrant status, fear of fundamentalism, or political or economic conflicts ; that it conflates prejudice against Muslims in one's own country with dislike of Muslims in countries with which the West is in conflict ; that it fails to distinguish between people who are against all religion from people who dislike Islam specifically ; and that the actual issue being described is hostility to Muslims, " an ethno-religious identity within European countries ", rather than hostility to Islam.

The law was widely flouted, but efforts by the British to prevent smuggling created hostility and contributed to the American Revolution.

According to Thomas Trautman's account, " James Mill's highly influential History of British India ( 1817 )-most particularly the long essay ' Of the Hindus ' comprising ten chapters – is the single most important source of British Indophobia and hostility to Orientalism ".

Sides said that Carson believed the Native Americans needed reservations as a way of physically separating and shielding them from white hostility and white culture.

Due to differing interpretations of land uses and vastly different cultures, the Dutch and Native Americans had increasing misunderstandings and hostility.

The outbreak of Pontiac's Rebellion upset his plans, and Brant returned home to avoid hostility to Native Americans.

In any case, owing to the severity of winter, the hostility of the Native Americans, and internal discord, in the spring of 1527 all the settlers, under the leadership of Francis Gomez, reembarked for Santo Domingo in two of the vessels, one of which sank along with all on board, leaving only 150 of the people alive to reach their destination.

The attacks on the stage routes led to a general hostility among the whites in the new Colorado Territory against all Native American presence, no matter how cooperative and benign.

In its early years, the faith community experienced suffering during the American Revolution, hostility from Native Americans, and epidemics that swept through the frontier, as well as a profound lack of money and priests to minister to the people.

A remnant band of Lakota Sioux known as the Cut-off Sioux was encamped on the Medicine Creek several miles to the east of Carver ’ s cabin, and although his claim of having killed the Cut-offs ’ old war chief Whistler and two of his braves in late 1872 does not coalesce with the evidence, Carver was certainly in the area during a time of potential and, in some cases, real hostility between the whites and Native Americans.