the null hypothesis implies that different treatments result in

Matt Cartmill presents another problem with the Gigantopithecus hypothesis: " The trouble with this account is that Gigantopithecus was not a hominin and maybe not even a crown-group hominoid ; yet the physical evidence implies that Bigfoot is an upright biped with buttocks and a long, stout, permanently adducted hallux.

In 1960, Singer commented in an article in Astronautics on the hypothesis of Iosif Shklovsky ( later mentioned in a 1966 book by Carl Sagan and Shklovsky ) that the orbit of the Martian moon Phobos suggests that it is hollow, which implies it is of artificial origin.

Unlike oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes generally follow the " two-hit hypothesis ", which implies that both alleles that code for a particular protein must be affected before an effect is manifested.

: The uniformity of state hypothesis ( i. e., steady-stateism ) implies that throughout the history of our earth there is no progress in any inexorable direction.

For example, the giant impact hypothesis implies that a surface magma ocean would have formed following the impact.

Examples of these axioms include the combination of Martin's axiom and the Open colouring axiom which, for example, prove that, while the continuum hypothesis implies the opposite.

Indeed, given the efficient market hypothesis, which implies that a thorough analysis of stock data is irrational, most rational shareholders are, by definition, not investors, but speculators.

" Informally, hypothesis boosting problem asks whether an efficient learning algorithm that outputs an hypothesis whose performance is only slightly better than random guessing a weak learner implies the existence of an efficient algorithm that outputs an hypothesis of arbitrary accuracy a strong learner.

The hypothesis implies that fund managers and stock analysts are constantly looking for securities that may out-perform the market ; and that this competition is so effective that any new information about the fortune of a company will rapidly be incorporated into stock prices.

In 1997, Deshouillers, Effinger, te Riele and Zinoviev showed that the generalized Riemann hypothesis implies Goldbach's weak conjecture for all numbers.

One hypothesis is that Martianus's depiction implies a descent from Heaven onto Earth.

showed that the continuum hypothesis implies that is not real-valued measurable.

Harold Gans has argued that MBBK's hypothesis implies a conspiracy between WRR and their co-contributors to fraudulently tune the appellations in advance.

The hypothesis implies three main types of schizophrenia:

In mathematics, the Mertens conjecture is the incorrect statement that the Mertens function M ( n ) is bounded by √ n, which implies the Riemann hypothesis.

The hypothesis also implies that when children finally reach the age where they are able to learn their native language, they develop phonological sounds in an orderly manner.

" The organization formally adopts agnostic philosopher Paul Draper's definition of metaphysical naturalism as " the hypothesis that the natural world is a closed system, which means that nothing that is not a part of the natural world affects it .... implies that there are no supernatural entities, or at least none that actually exercises its power to affect the natural world.

The hypothesis that implies that the product.

In mathematics, and particularly in axiomatic set theory, the diamond principle ◊ is a combinatorial principle introduced by that holds in the constructible universe and that implies the continuum hypothesis.

For example, the axiom of constructibility implies the generalized continuum hypothesis, the negation of Suslin's hypothesis, and the existence of an analytical ( in fact, ) non-measurable set of real numbers, all of which are independent of ZFC.

The most widely discussed models for nonbaryonic dark matter are based on the Cold Dark Matter hypothesis, and the corresponding particle is most commonly assumed to be a weakly interacting massive particle ( WIMP ).

Dr. Rick Strassman, while conducting DMT research in the 1990s at the University of New Mexico, advanced the controversial hypothesis that a massive release of DMT from the pineal gland prior to death or near death was the cause of the near death experience ( NDE ) phenomenon.

A more recent and now favored hypothesis suggests that, before its capture, Triton had a massive companion similar to Pluto's moon Charon with which it formed a binary.

The dense regions which contain younger or less massive forming stars and have not blown away the material from which they formed are often seen in silhouette against the rest of the ionised nebula — these dark patches are known as Bok globules, after astronomer Bart Bok, who proposed in the 1940s that they might be stellar birthplaces, a hypothesis which was shown to be correct in 1990.

Mass will quickly transfer from the initially more massive companion on to the less massive and like the collision hypothesis, would explain why there would be main sequence stars more massive than other stars in the cluster which have already evolved off of the main sequence.

According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen — giant molecular clouds ( GMC ).

As opposed to the classical hypotheses suggesting that the stars have been formed as a result of condensation of diffuse matter, the new hypothesis postulated the existence of massive bodies, the “ proto-stars ”.

As opposite to the classical hypotheses suggesting that the stars have been formed as a result of condensation of diffuse matter, the new hypothesis postulated the existence of massive bodies, the “ proto-stars ”.

The Ambarzumian-Ivanenko hypothesis of creation of massive particles ( 1930 ) became a cornerstone of contemporary quantum field theory.

They believe that quantum wave-functions do not collapse like the Copenhagen interpretation holds, nor that each collapse actually buds off separate universes ( like the quantum multiverse hypothesis holds ) but rather that the universe is a participatory universe: the entire universe exists as a single massive quantum superposition, and that at the end of time ( in the open universe of the Xeelee Sequence, time and space are unbounded, or more precisely, bounded only at the Cauchy boundaries of " Time-like infinity " and " Space-like infinity "), when intelligent life has collected all information ( compare the Final anthropic principle and the Omega Point ), and transformed into an " Ultimate Observer ", who will make the " Final observation ", the observation which collapses all the possible entangled wave-functions generated since the beginning of the universe.

The proposed Shiva crater and other possible impact craters along with the Chicxulub has led to the hypothesis that multiple impacts caused the massive extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous period.

Of great importance are the studies of Soviet physicists, Viktor Ambartsumian and Dmitri Ivanenko, in particular the Ambarzumian-Ivanenko hypothesis of creation of massive particles ( published in 1930 ) which is the cornerstone of the contemporary quantum field theory.

The hypothesis is that the gravitational interaction is likewise mediated by a – yet undiscovered – elementary particle, dubbed the graviton.

De Broglie deduced that if the duality equations already known for light were the same for any particle, then his hypothesis would hold.

Beginning in 1670 and progressing over three decades, Isaac Newton developed and championed his corpuscular hypothesis, arguing that the perfectly straight lines of reflection demonstrated light's particle nature ; only particles could travel in such straight lines.

Below is an illustration of how wave – particle duality is consistent with De Broglie's hypothesis and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle ( above ).

This research culminated in the de Broglie hypothesis stating that any moving particle or object had an associated wave.

Likewise De Broglie's hypothesis ( 1924 ) states that any particle can be associated with a wave, and that the momentum p of the particle is related to the wavelength λ of such a wave, in one dimension, by:

According to this cloud particle charging hypothesis, charges are separated when ice crystals rebound off graupel.

The Dirac large numbers hypothesis uses the ratio of the size of the visible universe to the radius of quantum particle to predict the age of the universe.

In support of the outgassing hypothesis, data from the Lunar Prospector alpha particle spectrometer indicate the recent outgassing of radon to the surface.

In physics and thermodynamics, the ergodic hypothesis says that, over long periods of time, the time spent by a particle in some region of the phase space of microstates with the same energy is proportional to the volume of this region, i. e., that all accessible microstates are equiprobable over a long period of time.

Recent experiments with particle coherers seem to have confirmed the hypothesis that the particles cohere by a micro-weld phenomenon caused by radio frequency electricity flowing across the small contact area between particles.

In the use of optical measurement and pulsating beams of light, the team showed through illustration of exclusion curves compared to the PVLAS experiment and another conducted by the BFRT, that the axion had been ruled out but still remained a valid hypothesis ; the experiment counting as an important step in the understanding of the particle, with the possibility of a very weak coupled axion.

Deposition occurs when the forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of particle weight and friction, creating a resistance to motion, this is known as the null-point hypothesis.

There is also a hypothesis which suggests that this learning process is the same pattern seen in the back-and-forth looping movement of a particle being disturbed by a wave.

Whereas his father had seen the electron as a particle ( and won his Nobel Prize in the process ), Thomson demonstrated that it could be diffracted like a wave, a discovery proving the principle of wave-particle duality which had first been posited by Louis-Victor de Broglie in the 1920s as what is often dubbed the de Broglie hypothesis.

This, in combination with the Compton effect discovered by Arthur Compton ( who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1927 ), established the wave – particle duality hypothesis which was a fundamental step in quantum theory.

In particle physics, the interactions between the three quarks that compose hadrons can be described in a diquark model which might be equivalent to the hypothesis of a three-body force.

The Bevatron was built to be energetic enough to create antiprotons, and thus test the hypothesis that every particle has a corresponding anti-particle.