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The hypothesis that the Ancient Roman custom of crucifixion may have developed out of a primitive custom of arbori suspendere — hanging on an arbor infelix ( unfortunate tree ) dedicated to the gods of the nether world — is rejected by William A. Oldfather, who shows that this form of execution ( the supplicium more maiorum, punishment in accordance with the custom of our ancestors ) consisted of suspending someone from a tree, not dedicated to any particular gods, and flogging him to death.
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hypothesis and Ancient
In Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings ( 1966 ) and The Path of the Pole ( 1970 ), Hapgood proposed the hypothesis that the Earth's axis has shifted numerous times during geological history.
According to one hypothesis, Ugaritic texts might solve the biblical puzzle of the anachronism of Ezekiel mentioning Daniel at ; it is because in both Ugaritic and the Ancient Hebrew texts, it is correctly Danel.
The author of On Ancient Medicine launches immediately into a critique of opponents who posit a single " cause in all cases " of disease, " having laid down as a hypothesis for their account hot or cold or wet or dry or anything else they want ".
Her hypothesis about prehistory also relies strongly on sources such as the Gnostic Gospels and on the history portrayed by the Ancient Greek poet Hesiod.
In contrast to the mainstream interpretation, there is a fringe hypothesis according to which the reliefs depict Ancient Egyptian electrical technology, based on comparison to similar modern devices ( such as Geissler tubes, Crookes tubes, and arc lamps ).
hypothesis and Roman
Also in Roman times, some Essenes settled on the Dead Sea's western shore ; Pliny the Elder identifies their location with the words, " on the west side of the Dead Sea, away from the coast ... the town of Engeda " ( Natural History, Bk 5. 73 ); and it is therefore a hugely popular but contested hypothesis today, that same Essenes are identical with the settlers at Qumran and that " the Dead Sea Scrolls " discovered during the 20th century in the nearby caves had been their own library.
One hypothesis, based on the sudden appearance of large amounts of Roman solidi and migrations of other groups after the breakdown of the Hun empire in 453, suggest a partial re-migration of earlier emigrants to their former northern homelands.
The function of the pictures is not yet clear: some authors say that they indicate that the services of prostitutes were available on the upper floor of the bathhouse and could perhaps be a sort of advertising, while others prefer the hypothesis that their only purpose was to decorate the walls with joyful scenes ( as these were in Roman culture ).
The original Amman Museum records of the Qumran coin hoards and the museum bags where the coins where kept do not support the hypothesis that the 2nd and 3rd century Roman coins are intrusive in relation to the Tyrian silver.
An hypothesis of Josias Simler ( De Alpibus Commentarius, 1574 ) on the etymology of the name of Mons Silvius was readopted by T. G. Farinetti: " Silvius was probably a Roman leader who sojourned with his legions in the land of the Salassi and the Seduni, and perhaps crossed the Theodul Pass between these two places.
This hypothesis is based on the Etruscan presence in Lazio before the Roman conquest and the lively trade along the Etruscan Ofanto valley.
But this hypothesis lacks evidential basis ( e. g. the absence of any post-275 Latin inscriptions in the region, other than on imported Roman coins / artefacts ).
The hypothesis of a substantial Dacian population in the river Vistula basin is not widely supported among modern scholars, as this region is generally regarded as inhabited predominantly by Germanic tribes during the Roman imperial era e. g. Heather ( 2009 ).
The survival of brotherhoods of the comacini are based on the hypothesis that the Roman secrets of masonry construction were never utterly lost in Italy but were passed on by the mason brotherhoods, which were supposed to be among the numerous documented collegii in which workingmen joined together for mutual protection, fraternal banqueting and eventual support of their widows throughout the Roman Empire, sometimes associated together as masters of the arcana or " mysteries " of their craft.
Although there is no record of its introduction to Britain, the tree probably arrived with the Romans, a hypothesis supported by the discovery of pollen in an excavated Roman vineyard.
Georges Dumézil in various works, particularly in his Archaic Roman Religion advanced the hypothesis that this triadic structure was a relic of a common Protoindoeuropean religion, based on a trifunctional ideology modelled on the division of that archaic society.
Roman Weil, co-chairman of the Oenonomy Society of the US and Professor at the University of Chicago, tested the controversial hypothesis that experienced wine drinkers " cannot distinguish in blind tastings the wine of years rated high from those of years rated low, or, if they can, they do not agree with the vintage chart's preferences " ( Weil ).
It proposes a fringe hypothesis regarding the relationship between Jesus, John the Baptist and Mary Magdalene, and states that their true story has been suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church through, among other tactics, the conscious selection of the texts that make up the canonical New Testament, their campaigns against heresy, and their propaganda against non-Christians.
Another hypothesis, based on inscriptions found inside the church, holds that it was originally built as a mausoleum to the Roman general Longinus Maximus.
This hypothesis is of course in contradiction with the concurrent opinion that the Roman de Fauvel is mainly an anthology ( Gagnepain ).
As an example of his attack on the role of accidents in history, Carr mocked the hypothesis of " Cleopatra's nose " ( Pascal's thought that, but for the magnetism exerted by the nose of Cleopatra on Mark Anthony, there would have been no affair between the two, and hence the Second Triumvirate would not have broken up, and therefore the Roman Republic would have continued ).
The remains of military storehouses dating to the appropriate period have been found under Fishbourne Roman Palace, a 1st century Roman villa near Chichester and, on the basis of this, and other archaeological evidence, archaeologist Barry Cunliffe, formerly a proponent of the Kent hypothesis, has stated that he was becoming persuaded by the arguments in favour of a South Coast landing.
One hypothesis for the castle's name derives it from " Castrum Phimes "-a stronghold protecting the territory of a Roman period nobleman mentioned by Cicero, Diocles Phimes.
hypothesis and custom
A fourth hypothesis finds its origin in a liturgical mantle, which, it is asserted, was used by the early popes, and which in the course of time was folded into the shape of a band ; a fifth says its origin dates from the custom of folding the ordinary mantle-pallium, an outer garment in use in imperial times ; a sixth declares that it was introduced immediately as a papal liturgical garment, which, however, was not at first a narrow strip of cloth, but, as the name suggests, a broad, oblong, and folded cloth.
A competing hypothesis is based on linguistic / ethnographic work begun in the 19th century, and suggests circumcision was a common tribal custom among many Semitic tribes, including Jews, Arabs and Phoenecians, before they migrated from the Arabian peninsula.
hypothesis and may
The parapsychologist H. H. Price had also developed his own hypothesis about what the afterlife may be like.
The discovery of carbon nanotubes in the Damascus steel's composition supports this hypothesis, since the precipitation of carbon nanotubes likely resulted from a specific process that may be difficult to replicate should the production technique or raw materials used be significantly altered.
A new hypothesis proposed is that in addition to being involved in altered states of consciousness, endogenous DMT may be involved in the creation of normal waking states of consciousness.
Psychologists have addressed the hypothesis that fear of death motivates religious commitment, and that it may be alleviated by assurances about an afterlife.
Regarding a Freyja-Frigg origin hypothesis, scholar Stephan Grundy comments that " the problem of whether Frigg or Freyja may have been a single goddess originally is a difficult one, made more so by the scantiness of pre-Viking Age references to Germanic goddesses, and the diverse quality of the sources.
If F is continuous then under the null hypothesis converges to the Kolmogorov distribution, which does not depend on F. This result may also be known as the Kolmogorov theorem ; see Kolmogorov's theorem for disambiguation.
* Obvious anthropological differences between Hitto-Luwians and the Minoans may be considered as another indirect testimony against this hypothesis.
Geographer K. E. Barber has argued against this hypothesis, saying that pools at Lindow Moss would have been too shallow, and suggests that the peat may have been peeled back to allow the burial and then replaced, leaving the stratigraphy apparently undisturbed.
In a 1999 Journal of Affective Disorders article, a hypothesis was suggested that the phase of the moon may in the past have had an effect on individuals with bipolar disorder by providing light during nights which would otherwise have been dark, and affecting susceptible individuals through the well-known route of sleep deprivation.
A summary of Einstein's thinking about the aether hypothesis, relativity and light quanta may be found in his 1909 ( originally German ) lecture " The Development of Our Views on the Composition and Essence of Radiation ".
He may also have intended an elaborate compliment to James's belief in the divine right of kings, although this hypothesis, outlined at greatest length by Henry N. Paul, is not universally accepted.
According to a recent hypothesis, the Archimedes screw may have been used by Sennacherib, King of Assyria, for the water systems at the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Nineveh in the 7th century BC, although mainstream scholarship holds it to be a Greek invention of later times.
Hormone replacement therapy has favorable effects on serum cholesterol levels, and when initiated immediately upon menopause may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease, although this hypothesis has yet to be tested in randomized trials.
The other main type of science is experimental science, which is often said to work by conducting experiments to disprove hypotheses about the workings and causes of natural phenomena – note that this approach cannot prove a hypothesis is correct, since some later experiment may disprove it.
It is thought that the Earth itself coalesced from material in orbit around the Sun roughly 4500 Ma ( 4. 5 Ga ) and may have been struck by a very large ( Mars-sized ) planetesimal shortly after it formed, splitting off material that came together to form the Moon ( see Giant impact hypothesis ).
This may be visualized in a phylogenetic tree, a hypothesis of the order in which evolutionary events are assumed to have occurred.
Ultimately, there is no way to measure whether a particular phylogenetic hypothesis is accurate or not, unless the true relationships among the taxa being examined are already known ( which may happen with bacteria or viruses under laboratory conditions ).
A “ protoscience ” may be a field where the hypothesis presented may or may not be in accordance with the known evidence at that time, and a body of associated predictions have been made, but the predictions have not yet been tested, or cannot be tested, due to current technological limitations.
Moreover, newer and equally effective antipsychotic drugs actually block slightly less dopamine in the brain than older drugs whilst also blocking 5-HT2A receptors, suggesting the ' dopamine hypothesis ' may be oversimplified.
The research question may be parallel to the hypothesis.
According to one hypothesis, an Italian architect called Petrok Maly may have been an author of the Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye, one of the earliest and most prominent tented roof churches.
In 1990, Michael Ryan and A. S. Rand, working with the túngara frog, proposed the hypothesis of " Sensory Exploitation ", where exaggerated male traits may provide a sensory stimulation that females find hard to resist.
The dopamine hypothesis is now thought to be simplistic, partly because newer antipsychotic medication ( atypical antipsychotic medication ) can be just as effective as older medication ( typical antipsychotic medication ), but also affects serotonin function and may have slightly less of a dopamine blocking effect.
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