While many of the root meanings for the idea of a " general systems theory " might have been lost in the translation and many were led to believe that the systems theorists had articulated nothing but a pseudoscience, systems theory became a nomenclature that early investigators used to describe the interdependence of relationships in organization by defining a new way of thinking about science and scientific paradigms.

It promoted the idea of a consistent model of protocol layers, defining interoperability between network devices and software.

The idea that the frontier provided the core defining quality of the United States was elaborated by the historian Frederick Jackson Turner, who built his Frontier Thesis in 1893 around this notion.

Robert King Merton also adopted the idea of anomie to develop Strain Theory, defining it as the discrepancy between common social goals and the legitimate means to attain those goals.

The International Committee for Weights and Measures contemplated defining the unit of 1 as the ' uno ', but the idea was dropped.

As mentioned above, because the one defining factor for the toys was that each model had to fit in a match-box, the idea was born to sell the models in replica matchboxes — thus yielding the name of the series.

The important idea in defining the marvelous is that readers understand that this fictional world is different from the world where they live.

In other words, for every x in X there is exactly one element y such that the ordered pair ( x, y ) is contained in the subset defining the function f. This formal definition is a precise rendition of the idea that to each x is associated an element y of Y, namely the uniquely specified element y with the property just mentioned.

Grothendieck solved this problem by defining the notion of properness of a scheme ( actually, of a morphism of schemes ), which recovers the intuitive idea of compactness: Proj is proper, but Spec is not.

The first step in defining a sheaf is to define a presheaf, which captures the idea of associating data and restriction maps to the open sets of a topological space.

James Lovelock started defining the idea of a self-regulating Earth controlled by the community of living organisms in September 1965, while working at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California on methods of detecting life on Mars.

Attitudes, orientations, or behaviors which take the interests, intentions, or needs of other people into account ( in contrast to anti-social behaviour ) has played some role in defining the idea or the principle.

Constructive proofs can be seen as defining certified mathematical algorithms: this idea is explored in the Brouwer – Heyting – Kolmogorov interpretation of constructive logic, the Curry – Howard correspondence between proofs and programs, and such logical systems as Per Martin-Löf's Intuitionistic Type Theory, and Thierry Coquand and Gérard Huet's Calculus of Constructions.

The defining idea that the völkisch movement revolved around was that of a Volkstum ( lit.

A more modern idea suggests that the focus on surgery status is misplaced, and therefore, an increasing number of people are refusing to define themselves in terms of operative status, often defining themselves based on their social presentation instead.

Researchers such as Turing and Konrad Zuse investigated the idea of using the computer's memory to hold the program as well as the data it was working on, but it was mathematician John von Neumann who became widely credited with defining that computer architecture, still used in almost all computers.

In addition to defining points and constructs related to points, Euclid also postulated a key idea about points ; he claimed that any two points can be connected by a straight line.

Formally, the idea is to take the integral defining the ( inverse ) Fourier transform

Reconstructionist religions make full use of orthopraxy, defining their practices as a lifestyle, and identifying " correct action " as living life in accord with specific ideals and principles, rather than focusing solely on ritual or promoting a single cosmology, metaphysical idea, or theological theory as absolute truth.

By defining governmentality only in terms of the state, Kerr fails to take account of other forms of governance and the idea of mentalities of government in this broader sense.

Description of the 4 D's when defining abnormality: Deviance: this term describes the idea that specific thoughts, behaviours and emotions are considered deviate when they are unacceptable or not common in society.

In his analysis of epistemic verbs or of infinity, Albert admitted that a proposition has its own signification, which is not that of its terms: just like a syncategorematic word, a proposition signifies a “ mode of a thing .” Albert made use of the idea of the distinguishable signification of the proposition in defining truth and in dealing with “ insolubles ” or paradoxes of self-reference.

Sequence stratigraphy is a concept which challenges the idea of strict lithostratigraphic units by defining units based on events in sedimentary basins such as oceanic regressions and transgressions.

NBC reporter David Gregory has cited the Vietnam War as an important example of mission creep, defining it as " the idea of, you know, gradually surging up forces, having nation-building goals, and running into challenges all along the way.

In 1978, X-Ray diffraction studies led to further development of the " cluster " idea defining the microdomains as " lipids in a more ordered state ".

* http :// www. vatican. va / roman_curia / congregations / cfaith / cti_documents / rc_con_cfaith_doc_20070419_un-baptised-infants_en. html an article explaining the Catholic opinion on the idea of limbo

* Advertisement, the promotion of an item, service, company, and / or idea

Atari Corp .' s later XE Games System revisited the idea of a console based on the 400 / 800 hardware.

Early studies into Scandinavian sources / analogues proposed that Beowulf was a translation of an original Scandinavian work, but this idea has been discarded.

Although it's increasingly common for couples – particularly younger couples – to have " power neutral " relationships and / or play styles, activities and relationships within a BDSM context are often characterized by the participants ' taking on complementary, but unequal roles ; thus, the idea of informed consent of both the partners becomes essential.

The idea of being " born again in Christ " inspired some common European forenames: French René / Renée ( also used in the Netherlands ), Dutch Renaat / Renate, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese Renato / Renata, Latin Renatus / Renata, which all mean " reborn ", " born again ".

Possible purposes might be to generate action, inform, create understanding or communicate a certain idea / point etc.

Connectionism relies on the idea that the mind / brain is composed of simple nodes and that the power of the system comes primarily from the existence and manner of connections between the simple nodes.

6, Spring / Summer 2001, which argues that the idea of media imperialism is outdated.

Bruce Sterling in his universe of Shaper / Mechanist suggested an idea of alternative cyborg called Lobster, which is made not by using internal implants, but by using an external shell ( e. g. a Powered Exoskeleton ).

The idea, illustrated by Figures 1-3, is to compute the rate of change as the limiting value of the ratio of the differences Δy / Δx as Δx becomes infinitely small.

Throughout the 1980s and ' 90s, Young promised fans a follow-up to the original Decade collection, provisionally titled Decade II ; eventually, this idea was scrapped in favor of a much more comprehensive anthology to be titled Archives, spanning his entire career and ranging in size from a box set to an entire series of audio and / or video releases.

Duesberg claims as support for his idea that many drug-free HIV + people have not yet developed AIDS ; HIV / AIDS scientists note that many drug-free HIV + people have developed AIDS, and that, in the absence of medical treatment or rare genetic factors postulated to delay disease progression, it is very likely that nearly all HIV + people will eventually develop AIDS.

Sometimes the word deprogramming is used in a wider ( and / or ironic or humorous sense ), to mean the freeing of someone ( often oneself ) from any previously uncritically assimilated idea.

Later in 1869 / 70, the organizers again approached Verdi ( this time with the idea of writing an opera ), but he again turned them down.

Harold Jenkins criticised the idea of any direct personal satire as " unlikely " and " uncharacteristic of Shakespeare ", while G. R. Hibbard hypothesized that differences in names ( Corambis / Polonius: Montano / Raynoldo ) between the First Quarto and other editions might reflect a desire not to offend scholars at Oxford University.

# Natural Rights / Justice Argument: this argument is based on Locke ’ s idea that a person has a natural right over the labour and / or products which is produced by his / her body.