Some have labelled Buddhabrot images using this technique Nebulabrots.

The advertising slogans and images have been labelled racist and colonialist by some who argue that it reinforces the old cliché of a friendly yet stupid African.

The individual images are labelled A through D ( i. e. QSO 2237 + 0305 A ), the lensing galaxy is sometimes referred to as QSO 2237 + 0305 G.

However, they are from two different instrument makers-the upper is labelled Crichton-London, Sold by J Berry Aberdeen while the detail images are of an instrument from Spencer, Browning & Co. London.

The isometry groups in 1D where for all points the set of images under the isometries is topologically closed are:

It is often useful to render image elements in separate passes, and then combine the resulting multiple 2D images into a single, final image in a process called compositing.

To the left two images in 2D from the same dataset, showing tricuspid and mitral valves ( above ) and aortal and mitral valve ( below ).

By using gradients in different directions 2D images or 3D volumes can be obtained in any arbitrary orientation.

Paul Lauterbur expanded on Carr's technique and developed a way to generate the first MRI images, in 2D and 3D, using gradients.

The Nobel citation acknowledged Lauterbur's insight of using magnetic field gradients to determine spatial localization, a discovery that allowed rapid acquisition of 2D images.

The remaining isometry groups in 2D with a fixed point, where for all points the set of images under the isometries is topologically closed are:

2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images — mostly from two-dimensional models ( such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images ) and by techniques specific to them.

2D graphics models may combine geometric models ( also called vector graphics ), digital images ( also called raster graphics ), text to be typeset ( defined by content, font style and size, color, position, and orientation ), mathematical functions and equations, and more.

2D graphics editors or drawing programs are application-level software for the creation of images, diagrams and illustrations by direct manipulation ( through the mouse, graphics tablet, or similar device ) of 2D computer graphics primitives.

Noise is also used in the creation of 2D and 3D images by computer.

Both left and right eye images are contained within the normal height of a single 2D frame.

In these prints a left-right pair of 2. 39: 1 non-anamorphic images are substituted for the one 2. 39: 1 anamorphic image of a 2D " scope " print.

Parallax scrolling is a special scrolling technique in computer graphics, wherein background images move by the camera slower than foreground images, creating an illusion of depth in a 2D video game and adding to the immersion.

As Pixar's technical specification for a standard communications protocol ( or interface ) between modeling programs and rendering programs capable of producing photorealistic-quality images, RISpec is a similar concept to PostScript but for describing 3D scenes rather than 2D page layouts.

The product had good 2D and 3D performance but produced poor 3D images with the result that it was derided in reviews, being compared unfavorably with the Voodoo1 and even being nicknamed the " Matrox Mystake ".

This aliasing is visible in images such as posters with lenticular printing: if they have low angular resolution, then as one moves past them, say from left-to-right, the 2D image does not initially change ( so it appears to move left ), then as one moves to the next angular image, the image suddenly changes ( so it jumps right ) – and the frequency and amplitude of this side-to-side movement corresponds to the angular resolution of the image ( and, for frequency, the speed of the viewer's lateral movement ), which is the angular aliasing of the 4D light field.

The lack of parallax on viewer movement in 2D images and in 3-D film produced by stereoscopic glasses ( in 3D films the effect is called " yawing ", as the image appears to rotate on its axis ) can similarly be seen as loss of angular resolution, all angular frequencies being aliased to 0 ( constant ).

Both of the 2D offset images are then combined in the brain to give the perception of 3D depth.

Although the term " 3D " is ubiquitously used, it is also important to note that the presentation of dual 2D images is distinctly different from displaying an image in three full dimensions.

Similar to how in sound reproduction it is not possible to recreate a full 3-dimensional sound field merely with two stereophonic speakers, it is likewise an overstatement of capability to refer to dual 2D images as being " 3D ".

A directional screen which generates 3D images without headgear.

3D displays work by showing a different series of images to each eye, alternating from eye to eye.

Thus a 3D display must display twice as many images in the same period of time as a conventional display, and consequently the response time of the LCD is more important.

For 3D deconvolution, one typically provides a series of images derived from different focal planes ( called a Z-stack ) plus the knowledge of the PSF, which can be derived either experimentally or theoretically from knowing all contributing parameters of the microscope.

The sinograms are sorted by the angle of each view and tilt ( for 3D images ).

Optical ray tracing describes a method for producing visual images constructed in 3D computer graphics environments, with more photorealism than either ray casting or scanline rendering techniques.

Polarization is also used for some 3D movies, in which the images intended for each eye are either projected from two different projectors with orthogonally oriented polarizing filters or, more typically, from a single projector with time multiplexed polarization ( a fast alternating polarization device for successive frames ).

Recent development of Structure From Motion ( SFM ) technologies allows delivering 3D images and maps based on data extracted from visual and IR photography.

The Nintendo DS is the latest hardware to render 3D scenes in this manner, with the option of caching the rasterized images into VRAM.

Although historically the images generated were in the axial or transverse plane, perpendicular to the long axis of the body, modern scanners allow this volume of data to be reformatted in various planes or even as volumetric ( 3D ) representations of structures.

3D Laser Scanning Technology in digital recording of structures was applied to capture 3D images of the structure.

They are optimized for the visualization and manipulation of different types of complex data such as 3D mechanical design, engineering simulation ( e. g. computational fluid dynamics ), animation and rendering of images, and mathematical plots.

A polarized 3D system on the other hand uses polarized filters, with each lens using opposite polarization, with the two images required for stereo vision polarized the same way and a silver screen so that polarization is preserved.

Computer vision, on the other hand, is often considered high-level image processing out of which a machine / computer / software intends to decipher the physical contents of an image or a sequence of images ( e. g., videos or 3D full-body magnetic resonance scans ).

Photogrammetry is a measurement technique for which the co-ordinates of the points in 3D of an object are determined by the measurements made in two photographic images ( or more ) taken starting from different positions, usually from different passes of an aerial photography flight.

Grim Fandango mixed static pre-rendered background images with 3D characters and objects.

The Company ’ s 3DVIA portfolio includes, among other software: 3DLive, a suite of products designed to help individuals across the enterprise to search, navigate and collaborate in 3D in real-time over the Internet ; 3DVIA Composer, which enables users to deliver assembly procedures, technical illustrations and marketing materials utilizing 3D images and other 3D data that remains consistent with product data.