His demands were certainly grand: the concession of a block of territory 200 miles long by 150 wide between the Danube and the Gulf of Venice ( to be held probably on some terms of nominal dependence on the Empire ) and the title of commander-in-chief of the imperial army.

The imperial army drew up facing south-westward towards Bouvines, the heavy cavalry on the wings, the infantry in one great mass in the center, supported by the cavalry corps under the emperor himself.

The army unanimously saluted Diocles as their new Augustus, and he accepted the purple imperial vestments.

The imperial army also actively perpetrated massacres until the ousting of the Emperor by the Derg in 1974.

Many coins issued during Elagabalus ' reign bear the inscriptions Fides Exercitus or Fides Militum, emphasising the loyalty of the army as the basis of imperial power.

* 963 – The imperial army proclaims Nicephorus Phocas Emperor of the Romans on the plains outside Cappadocian Caesarea.

However, he looked forward with anxiety for his release, which was delayed until March 1642 because the imperial government feared to see Horn at the head of the Swedish army and would not allow an exchange.

Starving and displaced, many Kazakhs joined in the general Central Asian Revolt against conscription into the Russian imperial army, which the tsar ordered in July 1916 as part of the effort against Germany in World War I.

Despite initially holding an ambiguous neutrality, Clement was later forced to name Charles, Archduke of Austria, as King of Spain, since the imperial army had conquered much of northern Italy and was threatening Rome itself ( January 1709 ).

The upshot of this was that Gregory refused to pay the additional taxes, he encouraged the Roman populace to drive the imperial governor of Rome from the city, and Leo was unable to impose his will upon Rome, as Lombard pressure kept the exarch of Ravenna from fielding an army to bring the pope to heel.

However, several legions from the Roman province of Macedonia of Crassus ' army may already have been stationed in there around 29-28 BC, before the official imperial command was instituted.

Procopius had been charged with overseeing a northern division of Julian's army during the Persian expedition and had not been present with the imperial elections when Julian's successor was named.

This cleared the way for the French army under the Duke of Berwick to besiege the imperial fort at Philippsburg, which fell after a siege of two months in July 1734.

French armies continued to advance along the Rhine, reaching as far as Mainz, but the growing imperial army, which came to include troops from Russia that had assisted with the capture of Danzig, was able to prevent France from establishing a siege there, and Eugene went on the offensive.

* August 12 – Battle of Mohács ( 1687 ): imperial army under Charles V, Duke of Lorraine defeats the Ottoman Turks and enables Austria to conquer most of Ottoman-occupied Hungary.

* July 18 – War of Mantuan Succession: Mantua is sacked by an imperial army led by Count Johann von Aldringen.

* August – Thirty Years ' War: As a result of heavy pressure from the Prince-electors, Ferdinand II dismisses general Wallenstein from command of the imperial army.

* May – August 4 – Thirty Years ' War: As a result of its refusal to accept the Capitulation of Franzburg, Stralsund is besieged by Wallenstein's imperial army.

* March 3 – a mercenary army under Bernard de Saxe-Weimar fighting for France defeats imperial forces at the Battle of Rheinfelden.

* September 17 – Thirty Years ' War: In the Battle of Breitenfeld, Tilly's imperial army is decisively defeated by Gustav II Adolf of Sweden, shattering the imperial army of the Holy Roman Empire and marking the first significant victory for the Protestants in the war.

Emperor Theodosius II sends a imperial fleet with an army under command of Aspar and lands at Carthage.

* February – The rebels of the Yellow Turban are defeated by the imperial army, but only two months later, the rebellion breaks out again.

Mean people were considered legally inferior to commoners and suffered unequal treatments, forbidden to take the imperial examination.

In 1837 Hong again attempted to take the imperial examinations, but apparently suffered a nervous collapse when he failed them again.

After some time she told the imperial court that Emperor Qianshao was still sick and suffered from psychosis, and was thus incapable of ruling.

The Novatianists suffered perhaps even more fearfully than the orthodox and some of them were stung into a desperate resistance: those of Constantinople removing the materials of their church to a distant suburb of the city ; those at Mantinium in Paphlagonia daring to face the imperial soldiers sent to expel them from their home.

Despite these developments, the imperial government continued to falter: administrators were unwilling to make decisions because Tessema himself might be overthrown, and foreign affairs likewise suffered.

However, Huan Xuan soon took to living luxuriously and modifying laws at whim, and it was said that supplies to the imperial household were so reduced that even Emperor An almost suffered from hunger and cold.

Trebizond suffered a period of repeated imperial depositions and assassinations from the end of Alexios ' reign until the first years of Alexios III, ending in 1355.

Until 1083, Nonantola was an imperial monastery, and after Anselm's time its discipline often suffered from imperial interference in the election of its abbots.

In spite of the extensive destruction Haguenau suffered during the many wars experienced by Alsace, especially the Thirty Years War, the French conquest in 1677 and World War II, she still keeps monuments from 9 centuries, even if nothing is left of arguably the most prestigious of them, Frederick I Barbarossa's imperial palace ( Kaiserpfalz ).

The Qin suffered heavy losses, and the imperial court selected General Zhao Tuo to assume command of the Chinese army.

`` Tact '', by its very derivation, implies that its possessor keeps in touch with other people, but the author of Clericis Laicos and Unam Sanctam, the wielder of the two swords, the papal sun of which the imperial moon was but a dim reflection, the peer of Caesar and vice-regent of Christ, was so high above other human beings that he had forgotten what they were like.

During the Middle Ages, Aachen remained a city of regional importance, due to its proximity to Flanders, achieving a modest position in the trade in woollen cloths, favoured by imperial privilege.

The Inter-Imperial Relations Committee, chaired by Balfour, drew up the document preparatory to its unanimous approval by the imperial premiers on November 15, 1926.

The vastly increasing demands of imperial expansion, and the inadequacies and inefficiencies of the underfunded, post-Napoleonic Wars British Army, and of the Militia, Yeomanry, and Volunteer Force, led to the Cardwell and Childers Reforms of the late 19th century, which gave the British Army its modern shape, and redefined its regimental system.

With his death, the family lost much of its remaining political appeal, though claimants continue to assert their right to the imperial title.

The imperial palace in Beijing's Forbidden City reached its current splendor.

As a result, Confucianism was promoted by the emperor and the men its doctrines produced became an effective counter to the remaining feudal aristocrats who threatened the unity of the imperial state.

The Empire tried to soften the problems with laws that would restrict slavery, but Brazil would inevitably recognize its end on May 13, 1888, with a law called Lei Áurea, sanctioned by imperial parliament and signed by princess Isabel.

Most imperial powers had not foreseen a need to prepare their colonies for independence ; for example, Britain had given limited self-rule to India and Sri Lanka, while treating British Somaliland as little more than a trading post, while all major decisions for French colonies were made in Paris and Belgium prohibited any self-government up until it suddenly granted independence to its colonies in 1960.

Newfoundland never ratified the statute, so it was still subject to imperial authority when its entire system of government and economy collapsed in the mid-1930s.

There is a contemporary issue of coins suggestive of an imperial adventus ( arrival ) for the city, but some modern historians state that Diocletian avoided the city, and that he did so on principle, as the city and its Senate were no longer politically relevant to the affairs of the Empire and needed to be taught as much.

The cities where Emperors lived frequently in this period — Milan, Trier, Arles, Sirmium, Serdica, Thessaloniki, Nicomedia, and Antioch — were treated as alternate imperial seats, to the exclusion of Rome and its senatorial elite.

The Japanese imperial dynasty bases its position in the expression that it has " reigned since time immemorial " ( 万世一系 bansei ikkei ).

Millennia ago, the Japanese imperial family developed its own peculiar system of hereditary succession.

Byzantium's close cultural and political interaction with its Balkan neighbors Bulgaria and Serbia, and with Russia ( Kievan Rus ', then Muscovy ) led to the adoption of Byzantine imperial traditions in all of these countries.

In its final simplified form, the Serbian imperial title read " Emperor of Serbs and Greeks " ( цар Срба и Грка in modern Serbian ).

Hence England and, by extension its modern successor state, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is in fact an Empire ruled by a King endowed with the imperial dignity.

An empire is a state with politico-military dominion of populations who are culturally and ethnically distinct from the imperial ( ruling ) ethnic group and its culture — unlike a federation, an extensive state voluntarily composed of autonomous states and peoples.

Instead, the clan's influence stemmed from its matrimonial alliances with the imperial family.

The family reached the peak of its power under Fujiwara no Michinaga ( 966-1027 ), a longtime kampaku who was the grandfather of three emperors, the father of six empresses or imperial consorts, and the grandfather of seven additional imperial consorts ; it is no exaggeration to say that it was Michinaga who ruled Japan during this period, not the titular Emperors.

The Emperor Constantine Porphyrogennetos ( r. 945 – 959 ), in his book De Administrando Imperio, admonishes his son and heir, Romanos II ( r. 959 – 963 ), to never reveal the secrets of its construction, as it was " shown and revealed by an angel to the great and holy first Christian emperor Constantine " and that the angel bound him " not to prepare this fire but for Christians, and only in the imperial city ".

From 1184 to 1186, the Hohenstaufen empire under Frederick I Barbarossa reached its peak in the Reichsfest ( imperial celebrations ) held at Mainz and the marriage of his son Henry in Milan to the Norman princess Constance of Sicily.