For these and other reasons, BCG was therefore given to time with the peak incidence of pulmonary disease.

Studies have demonstrated that, due to the high incidence of accidents at these sites, some such segregated schemes can actually increase the number of car-bike collisions.

Another calculation is made of the angle of incidence of light rays from the light source ( s ), and from these as well as the specified intensities of the light sources, the value of the pixel is calculated.

" " Use of potent anti-HIV combination therapies has contributed to dramatic reductions in the incidence of AIDS and AIDS-related deaths in populations where these drugs are widely available, an effect which clearly would not be seen if antiretroviral drugs caused AIDS.

As seen in these numbers, sIBM is an age-related disease – its incidence increases with age and symptoms usually begin after 50 years of age.

This would reduce the incidence of fire, and thus the likelihood of Nuclear Winter, with the trade off that radioactivity would increase in the larger amounts of dust lofted in local Fallout by these low altitude detonation heights.

Another measure of the difference between these two similarly named but very distinct awards is their per-capita frequency of award: from 1946 to 1961 the average annual incidence of award of the Medal of Freedom was approximately 1 per every 86, 500 adult U. S. citizens ; from 1996 to 2011 the average annual incidence of award of the Presidential Medal of Freedom was approximately 1 per every 20, 500, 000 adult U. S. citizens ( so on an annualized per capita basis, about 240 Medals of Freedom have been awarded per one Presidential Medal of Freedom ).

All of these toxic sources are believed to contribute to a high incidence of maternal and child mortality and birth defects.

The physician William Gorgas then applied these insights and eradicated yellow fever from Havana, and fought yellow fever during the construction of the Panama Canal after a previous effort on the part of the French failed ( in part due to the high incidence of yellow fever and malaria ).

This helped reduce the incidence of spiral fractures, but the lack of standardization in measurements and the always-changing mechanical interface with leather boots make these less than foolproof.

While the two drugs mentioned above are available over the counter in most countries, the effectiveness of these agents may decrease over time, and the incidence of next-day sedation is higher than for most of the newer prescription drugs.

However, a newer study compared incidence rates of skull lesions and periosteal reaction in Triceratops and Centrosaurus and showed that these were consistent with Triceratops using its horns in combat and the frill being adapted as a protective structure, while lower pathology rates in Centrosaurus may indicate visual rather than physical use of cranial ornamentation, or a form of combat focused on the body rather than the head.

Despite these views, some surgeons have suggested that in their own hands endoscopic carpal tunnel release has been associated with a higher incidence of median nerve injury, and for this reason it has been abandoned at several centers in the United States.

All of these factors can be modeled more precisely with a photographic light meter and a heliodon or optical bench, which can quantify the ratio of reflectivity to transmissivity, based on angle of incidence.

Several epidemiological studies in the years since the accident have supported the conclusion that radiation released from the accident had no perceptible effect on cancer incidence in residents near the plant, though these findings are contested by one team of researchers.

Newer technologies such as flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy have fared better in reducing the incidence of some of these complications, though the most frequent cause of intubation trauma remains a lack of skill on the part of the laryngoscopist.

The highest incidence of this disease in these areas occurs on golf courses due to the highly managed areas of susceptible turfgrass species such as Creeping Bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera ) and Annual Bluegrass ( Poa annua ).

One possible reason for these studies to deviate from the expected 25 % incidence of ridgelessness is inclusion of parents who were not heterozygous ( possessing a copy of both the ridgeless and ridged allele ) in the study.

A population-based study of the incidence of MRSA infections in San Francisco during 2004 – 05 demonstrated that nearly 1 in 300 residents suffered from such an infection in the course of a year and that greater than 85 % of these infections occurred outside of the healthcare setting.

Supplementation of the mother's diet with folate can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects by about 70 %, and can also decrease the severity of these defects when they occur.

Subsequent academic research on the children who were affected in the second trimester of their mother's pregnancy, found an increased incidence of schizophrenia in these children.

For example, respondents might be unwilling to admit to unpopular attitudes like racism or sexism, and thus polls might not reflect the true incidence of these attitudes in the population.

Malcolm Lader at the Institute of Psychiatry in London estimates the incidence of these adverse reactions at about 5 %, even in short-term use of the drugs.

With respect to phonemic incidence, the pronunciation of certain words has American and / or British influence.

When dealing with a beam that is nearly parallel to a surface, it is sometimes more useful to refer to the angle between the beam and the surface, rather than that between the beam and the surface normal, in other words 90 ° minus the angle of incidence.

The law of reflection states that θ < sub > i </ sub > = θ < sub > r </ sub >, or in other words, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

In a projective plane a statement involving points, lines and incidence between them that is obtained from another such statement by interchanging the words " point " and " line " and making whatever grammatical adjustments that are necessary, is called the plane dual statement of the first.

However, since filming had not yet begun when the words were uttered, this cannot be claimed as the first incidence of the spoken word on film.

The influence of English and incidence of new loan words continue to the present day.

Religious texts contain a significantly higher incidence of Hebrew loanwords, and reflect an overall more " educated " style, containing many words from Old French, Provençal, Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic and Latin.

Second, it had a high incidence of Aramaic words, rendered as ideograms or logograms, that is, they were written Aramaic words but understood as Parthian ones ( See Arsacid Pahlavi for details ).

Most of the wooden statues are clad in warrior dresses, giving an impression that the entire row of wooden statues were created to remember an incidence of war that might have taken place during 1600-1700 AD ( no historic evidence of this war is found yet, but it can be linked to the Mogul / Bahamani Invasion ).

A specialist team of cancer information nurses provides a confidential telephone service, the Cancer Chat forum provides a place for users to talk to others affected by cancer, and mobile cancer awareness units deliver health information to locations where cancer incidence and mortality are higher than average.

As Silverstein claims, this also conveys an " Index of Linguistic Insecurity " in which a speaker not only indexes their actual social class ( via first-order indexicality ) but also the insecurities about class constraints and subsequent linguistic effects the encourage hypercorrection in the first place ( an incidence of second-order indexicality ).

This shocking incidence of fire took place on 29 November during the season of Ekadasi Lighting.

1 ) name, alternative names, nature or definition, background or context, incidence ( for problems ) or implementation ( for strategies ), claim of importance, counter-claim, quotations or aphorisms ( for values );

The rather scattered incidence of related names, however, probably makes it more likely that the hill-ridge itself is in question, for all that at 200 rising to it is not all that prominent compared to the Muntloch Fell and Inshanks Fell a mile or two to the west, or even the Mull of Galloway itself three miles ( 5 km ) to the south.

One infamous incidence of this was a heckler shouting Free Bird as well as the names of Matthews and Shorts at a Bill Hicks show, prompting the well-known " Hitler had the right idea " rant .< ref >

Memantine has a more targeted pharmacological profile for the glutamate system, reduced incidence of psychosis and may therefore be preferred for individuals who cannot tolerate amantadine.

In a final, production quality rendering of a ray traced work, multiple rays are generally shot for each pixel, and traced not just to the first object of intersection, but rather, through a number of sequential ' bounces ', using the known laws of optics such as " angle of incidence equals angle of reflection " and more advanced laws that deal with refraction and surface roughness.

The literature suggests that, compared to face-to-face, the increased incidence of flaming when using computer-mediated communication is due to reductions in the transfer of social cues, which decrease individuals ’ concern for social evaluation and fear of social sanctions or reprisals.

The incidence of hypoglycemia due to complex drug interactions, especially involving oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin for diabetes, rises with age.

There is, however, a contrasting study noting increased cancer incidence after radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism.

Use of higher doses of radioiodine reduces the incidence of treatment failure, with penalty for higher response to treatment consisting mostly of higher rates of eventual hypothyroidism which requires hormone treatment for life.

For the case of Bragg reflection only the lowest-order reflection is allowed if the light is incident along the helical axis, whereas for oblique incidence higher-order reflections become permitted.

This Act was created to promote employment of older persons based on their ability rather than age ; to prohibit arbitrary age discrimination in employment ; to help employers and workers find ways of meeting problems arising from the impact of age on employment because in the face of rising productivity and affluence, older workers find themselves disadvantaged in their efforts to retain employment, and especially to regain employment when displaced from jobs ; the setting of arbitrary age limits regardless of potential for job performance has become a common practice, and certain otherwise desirable practices may work to the disadvantage of older persons ; the incidence of unemployment, especially long-term unemployment with resultant deterioration of skill, morale, and employer acceptability is, relative to the younger ages, high among older workers ; their numbers are great and growing ; and their employment problems grave ; and the existence in industries affecting commerce, of arbitrary discrimination in employment because of age, burdens commerce and the free flow of goods in commerce.

Morphine is a rapid-acting narcotic, and it is known to bind very strongly to the μ-opioid receptors, and for this reason, it often has a higher incidence of euphoria / dysphoria, respiratory depression, sedation, pruritus, tolerance, and physical and psychological dependence when compared to other opioids at equianalgesic doses.

Other Möbius inversion formulas are obtained when different locally finite partially ordered sets replace the classic case of the natural numbers ordered by divisibility ; for an account of those, see incidence algebra.

The angle of incidence required for such a scenario is known as Brewster's angle.

Generally in rural areas with growing populations, the higher the incidence of polygyny, the greater the delay of first marriage for young men, and this creates a surplus of marriageable girls.

In practice, considerable pre-processing of the data is required — correction for random coincidences, estimation and subtraction of scattered photons, detector dead-time correction ( after the detection of a photon, the detector must " cool down " again ) and detector-sensitivity correction ( for both inherent detector sensitivity and changes in sensitivity due to angle of incidence ).

Refraction is described by Snell's law, which states that for a given pair of media and a wave with a single frequency, the ratio of the sines of the angle of incidence θ < sub > 1 </ sub > and angle of refraction θ < sub > 2 </ sub > is equivalent to the ratio of phase velocities ( v < sub > 1 </ sub > / v < sub > 2 </ sub >) in the two media, or equivalently, to the opposite ratio of the indices of refraction ( n < sub > 2 </ sub > / n < sub > 1 </ sub >):

In addition to reorganising the hospital, Barry highlighted the heavy incidence of venereal diseases in the civilian population, blaming the government for the removal of the St Helena Regiment, which resulted in destitute females resorting to prostitution.

Public Health Law Research, an independent organization, reported in 2009 that there is insufficient evidence to assess the effectiveness of requiring vaccinations as a condition for specified jobs as a means of reducing incidence of specific diseases among particularly vulnerable populations ; that there is sufficient evidence supporting the effectiveness of requiring vaccinations as a condition for attending child care facilities and schools.

* As a convolution operator: Via the formalism of incidence algebras, difference operators and other Möbius inversion can be represented by convolution with a function on the poset, called the Möbius function μ ; for the difference operator, μ is the sequence ( 1, − 1, 0, 0, 0, ...).

Other arguments for the iatrogenic position, include the lack of children diagnosed with DID, the sudden spike in incidence after 1980 ( although DID was not a diagnosis until DSM-IV, published in 1994 ), the absence of evidence of increased rates of child abuse, the appearance of the disorder almost exclusively in individuals undergoing psychotherapy, particularly involving hypnosis, the presences of bizarre alternate identities ( such as those claiming to be animals or mythological creatures ) and an increase in the number of alternate identities over time ( as well as an initial increase in their number as psychotherapy begins in DID-oriented therapy.

The DSM does not provide an estimate of incidence for DID and dissociative disorders were excluded from the Epidemiological Catchment Area Project.

As a result, there are no national statistics for incidence and prevalence of DID in the United States.