Most notably in opposition to the Roman institution was Tacfarinas, a former Roman soldier turn Musulamii guerrilla leader.

Their strict, fundamentalist interpretation of the Bible supported them through the Great Trek of the 19th century ; battles against Zulu and other Bantu tribes, who also laid claim to lands to the north ; the Anglo-Boer War ( when small guerrilla bands of a few hundred Afrikaner farmers were able to hold off tens of thousands of British regulars ); and their institution of Apartheid in the 20th century, when they insisted on racial purity, separatism, and white supremacy, per the moral expectations of the God of Israel in the Old Testament and their own determination to keep political power in the hands of Whites of European descent.

On the other hand, the institution of oaths also played down the threat of feudal warfare.

The Naval War College ( NWC or NAVWARCOL ) is an education and research institution of the United States Navy that specializes in developing ideas for naval warfare and passing them along to officers of the Navy.

This system consisted of an organised professional army ,( as opposed to a private army organised around the service of the king ) incorporated within this military system is Thantopolitics ( Political power used through the military system for the purposes of warfare by other means ) for the purposes of the slaughtering of millions, a system of legitimacy, comprising the sovereign, not the sovereign as a singular ruler but as an organized super structure institution comprising societal state functions, Political sovereignty which guaranteed the sovereign's legitimacy, judiciary, legislator, Parliamentary system ; political power, political executive, political elite, and a political communication system which is primarily aimed at the entire political community.

They also developed an institution of peace pacts called Bodong which has minimized traditional warfare and headhunting and serves as a mechanism for the initiation, maintenance, renewal and reinforcement of kinship and social ties.

Cherokee and other tribes had also traditionally taken captives in warfare to use as slaves, although their institution differed from that which grew up in the southern colonies.

It is the first European institution which teaches the tactics of economic warfare within a globalizing world.

A good source on the conduct of the traditional ghazw raid are the medieval Islamic jurists, whose discussions as to which conduct is allowed and which is forbidden in the course of warfare reveal some of the practices of this institution.

The U. S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases ( USAMRIID, pronounced U-sam-rid ) is the U. S Army ’ s main institution and facility for defensive research into countermeasures against biological warfare.

Ancient Egyptian religion was not a monolithic institution, but consisted of a vast and varying set of beliefs and practices, linked by their common focus on the interaction between the world of humans and the world of the divine.

* Subdivision of culture – shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization, or group.

The United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) is an international institution ( a programme, rather than an agency of the UN ) that coordinates United Nations environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices.

This institution determines the allowed practices for pest control, growing, fertilizing, and handling of organic crops.

Kearney also defined sex education as “ involving a comprehensive course of action by the school, calculated to bring about the socially desirable attitudes, practices and personal conduct on the part of children and adults, that will best protect the individual as a human and the family as a social institution.

The practices attributed to Muhammad, have promoted the institution of waqf from the earliest part of Islamic history.

Some of their most prominent reforms are trust-busting ( the destruction and banning of monopolies ), the creation of laws protecting the American consumer, the creation of a federal income tax ( by the Sixteenth Amendment ; the income tax used a progressive tax structure with especially high taxes on the wealthy ), the establishment of the Federal Reserve, and the institution of shorter working hours, higher wages, better living conditions, better rights and privileges to trade unions, protection of rights of strikers, banning of unfair labor practices, and the delivery of more social services to the working classes and social safety nets to many unemployed workers, thus helping to facilitate the creation of a welfare state in the United States and eventually in most developed countries.

But conventions and practices over the centuries have imparted a degree of stability to the institution.

Institutional racism is distinguished from racial bigotry by the existence of institutional systemic policies, practices and economic and political structures which place non-white racial and ethnic groups at a disadvantage in relation to an institution ’ s white members.

The former focuses upon the norms and practices within an institution, the latter upon the interactions among institutions, interactions that produce racialized outcomes against non-white people.

Institutional abuse may be the consequence of common practices or processes that are part of the running of a care institution or service.

Herbert Jay Stern, a former U. S. Attorney and federal judge in New Jersey, was appointed as a federal monitor to oversee and enforce compliance in accordance with the deferred prosecution agreement that outlines reform and action to help resolve illegal practices and restore financial integrity and professionalism to the institution.

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center ( commonly called by its Spanish acronym CIMMYT for Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo ) is a non-profit research and training institution dedicated to both the development of improved varieties of wheat and maize, and introducing improved agricultural practices to farmers, thereby improving their livelihoods.

practices, the institution is oppressive whether or not the individuals maintaining those practices have oppressive intentions.

The court ruled that " the respondent must be given an opportunity to prove the legitimate of his claim of such entitlement in light of the policies and practices of the institution.

National courts have jurisdiction to decide how to characterise the breach in question, taking into account the clarity and precision of the Community rule infringed, whether the damage was intentional or involuntary, whether any error of law was excusable, and whether a Community institution contributed towards the adoption or maintenance of contrary national measures or practices.

In Parchman in Sunflower County, Phillips declared the Mississippi State Penitentiary " a disgrace " and called for a constitutional board " free of politics to exercise responsible leadership " at the institution then known for brutal practices.

The last reports from 2008 ( Ofsted ) and 2010 ( QAA ) confirmed the high quality of the provision and identified a number of good practices across the institution.

According to the Center for College Affordability and Productivity ( CCAP ), “ If the federal or state authorities increase financial support per student, the institution has the opportunity to capture part or all of that increased ability to pay by reducing institutional grants and / or raising their charges for tuition, fees, room, or board .” Importantly, it also notes that “ the exception to this general pattern is modest aid targeted at only low-income students, like the Pell grant .” The center uses data about net proceeds ( tuition plus room, board and other fees ) as a percentage of median income to show that financial aid practices have not been effective in decreasing prices in an effort to increase access.

A gag order ( also known as a gagging order or suppression order ) is an order, sometimes a legal order by a court or government, other times a private order by an employer or other institution, restricting information or comment from being made public, or in some cases, passed onto a third party, for the purpose of " hiding " or " covering up " or " white-washing " compromising, questionable, deceptive practices, fraud, or other illegal activities with the help of the legal process itself, or to protect the privacy of victims or minors.

Which was public hygiene and a whole battery of other techniques were used concerning the education of children, assistance to the poor, and through the psychiatric order, the institution of workers tutelage was coordinated through psychiatric practices.

The staff includes specialists from India, Asia, Africa, Europe, and America who had given up lucrative practices to serve in this Christian institution which serves thousands of patients.

Marylhurst is one of six institutions — and the only institution in the Western United States — recognized by the Council for Adult and Experiential Learning ( CAEL ) for best practices in adult learning.

This resulted in an improved appearance, but was followed by an increase in printing cost that necessitated the institution of major economies to keep within the total of allocated funds.

A student who while in attendance at Carleton College participates in an athletic contest during the school year, other than that sponsored by the College, shall be permanently ineligible to participate in intercollegiate athletics at Carleton College and will also face permanent suspension from the institution.

In a society dominated by middle-class values and working in an institution which transmits and strengthens these social values, it is clear that the educational profession must work for the values which are characteristic of the society.

`` As a private institution, supported by generous individuals, Emory University will recognize no obligation and will adopt no policy that would conflict with its purpose to promote excellence in scholarship and Christian education.

The pattern here pictured is clearly not peculiar to Notre Dame: it is simply that the paradox involved in this kind of control of the institution by `` the organization which actually owns '' it, becomes more obvious where there is a larger and more distinguished `` outside '' faculty.

They may not administer Penance ( Reconciliation ), Anointing of the Sick ( Extreme Unction ), or function as an ordained celebrant or concelebrant of the Mass ( by virtue of their office and their training and institution, they may act, if the need arises, as altar servers, lectors, ushers, porters, or Eucharistic ministers of the Cup, and if need be, the Host ).

The establishment of the church as an institution recognized by worldly rulers is also visible in legal history.

Ambrose also made successful efforts to improve the moral life of women in the Milan of his time by promoting the permanent institution of Virgins, as also of widows.

Immediately after, he received several marks of distinction: he was made President of the Accademia di San Luca, the main artistic institution in Rome, and by the hand of the Pope himself his name was inscribed in " the Golden Volume of the Capitol ", and he received the title of Marquis of Ischia, with an annual pension of 3000 crowns.

In 1919, after delays caused by the destruction of World War I and a lengthy debate over who should head the institution and the socio-economic meanings of a reconciliation of the fine arts and the applied arts ( an issue which remained a defining one throughout the school's existence ), Gropius was made the director of a new institution integrating the two called the Bauhaus.

A building society is a financial institution owned by its members as a mutual organization.

The origins of the building society as an institution lie in late-18th century Birmingham – a town which was undergoing rapid economic and physical expansion driven by a multiplicity of small metalworking firms, whose many highly skilled and prosperous owners readily invested in property.

Prior to 31 December 2010, deposits with building societies of up to £ 50, 000 per individual, per institution, were normally protected by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme ( FSCS ), but Nationwide and Yorkshire Building Societies negotiated a temporary change to the terms of the FSCS to protect members of the societies they acquired in late 2008 / early 2009.

In a non-stock corporation with no general voting membership, e. g., a typical university, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution ; its members are sometimes chosen by the board itself.

In 1994, the school once again became a private institution, owned by a foundation.

The European Council was declared a separate institution from the Council, also chaired by a permanent president, and the different Council configurations were mentioned in the treaties for the first time.

This institution, with its name, was later emulated by other powers and is reflected in the modern usage of the word ( see Consul ( representative )).

In 1264 the new institution was approved by Urban IV.

The 1841 Census, conducted by the General Register Office, was the first to record the names of everyone in a household or institution.

All users are subject to the access policy defined by the institution.

Marriage is a divine institution that can never be broken, even if the husband or wife legally divorce in the civil courts ; as long as they are both alive, the Church considers them bound together by God.

Graduating high school students with Ivy League caliber academic records have given the Honors College a closer look as a result, and this has had a trickle-down effect in improving the image of CUNY as a whole, which prior to the inception of the HC had been criticized as ' an institution adrift ' by the Giuliani administration.

Around 190 AD under the leadership of the scholar Pantanaeus, the school of Alexandria became an important institution of religious learning, where students were taught by scholars such as Athenagoras, Clement, Didymus, and the native Egyptian Origen, who was considered the father of theology and who was also active in the field of commentary and comparative Biblical studies.

" As a result he was " almost incessantly " devoted to the idea of the American Assembly, a concept which he developed into an institution by the end of 1950.