* Within Chinese tradition: " external " vs. " internal " styles

Nèijiā (, also: Ninja ) is a term in Chinese martial arts, grouping those styles that practice nèijìng (), usually translated as internal martial arts, occupied with spiritual, mental or qi-related aspects, as opposed to an " external " () approach focused on physiological aspects.

Some forms in internal styles are performed slowly, although some include sudden outbursts of explosive movements ( fa jin ), such as those the Chen style of Taijiquan is famous for teaching earlier than some other styles ( e. g. Yang and Wu ).

At an advanced level, and in actual fighting, internal styles are performed quickly, but the goal is to learn to involve the entire body in every motion, to stay relaxed, with deep, controlled breathing, and to coordinate the motions of the body and the breathing accurately according to the dictates of the forms while maintaining perfect balance.

The reason for the label " internal ," according to most schools, is that there is a focus on the internal aspects earlier in the training, once these internal relationships are apprehended ( the theory goes ) they are then applied to the external applications of the styles in question.

Although the Wudang name falsely suggests these arts originated at the so-called Wudang Mountain, it is simply used to distinguish the skills, theories and applications of neijia (" internal arts ") from those of the Shaolin grouping, waijia (" hard " or " external ") martial art styles.

At present no internal chronology for the various Bell Beaker-related styles has been achieved yet for Iberia.

Since breath is important to any movement of the spine and ribs, snake style is considered one of the main styles which eventually led to internal training.

However, few experienced martial artists make a clear distinction between internal and external styles, or subscribe to the idea of northern systems being predominantly kick-based and southern systems relying more heavily on upper-body techniques.

Most styles contain both hard and soft elements, regardless of their internal nomenclature.

In truth, most styles technically practice both, regardless of their internal nomenclature.

It draws on many aspects of the external northern Shaolin long-fist style, and the internal styles T ' ai chi ch ' uan and Pakua Chuan, which are often taught alongside it in modern times.

The emphasis on flexibility in northern Shaolin styles is the guiding principle of Mi Zong, and this is evident in the versatility of its attacks and the extent to which it integrates the concepts of many internal styles.

It also states that internal styles are better suited for fighting than external styles.

* Neijia, internal styles of Chinese martial arts

The Sun style ( 孫氏 ) t ' ai chi ch ' uan was developed by Sun Lutang ( 孫祿堂, 1861-1932 ), who was considered expert in two other internal martial arts styles: xingyiquan and baguazhang before he came to study t ' ai chi ch ' uan.

In common with all neijia, Chen-style aims to develop internal power for the execution of martial techniques, but in contrast to some tai chi styles and teachers includes the cultivation of fa jing skill.

Strategic groups are not to be confused with Porter's generic strategies which are internal strategies and do not reflect the diversity of strategic styles within an industry.

Chángquán () refers to a family of external ( as opposed to internal ) martial arts ( kung fu ) styles from northern China.

And Zen Buddhism, though it is extremely difficult to understand how these internal contradictions are reconciled, helps them in their struggle to achieve personal salvation through sexual release.

Commonly used electronic devices which are found in practically every hospital are closed-circuit TV and audio systems for internal paging and instruction, along with radiation counters, timers, and similar devices.

These frequencies are amplified and detected by the FM receiver after each burst of transmitted energy and, after the `` pill '' has been calibrated, precise internal pressure indications can be obtained.

that they perceive new internal and environmental situations as `` threatening '' until they are tested and proved otherwise.

Basically, this means that simpler processing equipment ( the mixture has good flowing characteristics ) and less external heat ( the foaming reaction is exothermic and develops internal heat ) are required in one-shot foaming, although, at the same time, the problems of controlling the conditions of one-shot foaming are critical ones.

The internal losses are due to absorption and the small but finite losses suffered in the numerous internal reflections due to deviations from the prescribed, cylindrical fiber cross-section and minute imperfections of the core-jacket interface.

Lacking reliable data for some of the variables, we are relying on experimental data of about 20 percent internal losses for 1/4-inch long, small ( 5 - 10 M ) diameter fibers.

Since we are considering here relatively small diameter ( 1 - 1.5 inches ) fiber plates, their average thickness can be kept below 1/4 inch and their internal losses may be assumed as 15 percent ( per plate ).

The lungs in amphibians are primitive compared to those of amniotes, possessing few internal septa and large alveoli and consequently having a comparatively slow diffusion rate for oxygen entering the blood.

In the Standard Model of physics, electrons are truly elementary particles with no internal structure.

By some estimates, this might account for most of the internal radiation damage, as the recoil nuclei are typically heavy metals which preferentially collect on the chromosomes.

" This internal destruction can be found as early as the first chapter as Paul comments that, although all the boys are young, their youth has left them.

This is because many species are unable to regulate their internal body temperature.

Armored cars are popular for peacekeeping or internal security duties.

This accompanied or facilitated other important evolutionary developments: the bilaterian body plan ; the coelom, an internal cavity that provided space for a circulatory system and, in some animals, formed a hydrostatic skeleton which enables worm-like animals to burrow ; metamerism, in which the body was built of repeated " modules " which could later specialize, for example the heads of most arthropods are composed of fused, specialized segments.

In addition to undergoing the reactions characteristic of internal alkynes, terminal alkynes are reactive as weak acids, with pK < sub > a </ sub > values ( 25 ) between that of ammonia ( 35 ) and ethanol ( 16 ).

It is assumed that internal interaction forces obey Newton's third law of motion in its strong form, that is, that the forces between particles are equal and opposite and act along the line between the particles.

With no serious external or internal threats, the armed forces are searching for a new role.

Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it has taken steps to become a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC ( Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation ) forum.

The functions of these synapses are very diverse: some are excitatory ( excite the target cell ); others are inhibitory ; others work by activating second messenger systems that change the internal chemistry of their target cells in complex ways.

In addition to the authentication and acknowledgment procedures which precede and follow the sending of the go messages, again in special codes, each message also contains an `` internal authenticator '', another specific signal to convince the recipient that he is getting the real thing.

We can also argue that the three brothers Karamazov and Smerdyakov were the external representatives of an internal conflict within one man, Dostoevsky, a conflict having to do with father-murder and the wish to possess the father's woman.

But there is also a firm aspect to lexicostatistics: the aspect of learning the internal organization of obvious natural genetic groups of languages as well as their more remote and elusive external links ; ;

The majority of salamanders also engage in internal fertilisation.

Other forms of agate include Lake Superior agate, carnelian agate ( exhibiting reddish hues ), Botswana agate, blue lace agate, plume agates, moss agate, tube agate ( with visible flow channels or pinhole-sized ' tubes '), fortification agate ( which exhibit little or no banding structure ), fire agate ( which has internal flash or ' fire ', the result of a layer of clear agate over a layer of hydrothermally-deposited hematite ), Mexican crazy-lace agate, which often exhibits a brightly colored, complexly banded pattern ( also called Rodeo Agate and Rosetta Stone depending on who owned the mine at the time ).

In these systems, the external adaptor also included its own clock, and used that to signal the SCC instead of it taking its signal from the SCC's internal clock.

This compression progress is proportional to the observer's internal reward, also called curiosity reward.

This development resulted in a split of accounting systems for internal ( i. e. management accounting ) and external ( i. e. financial accounting ) purposes, and subsequently also in accounting and disclosure regulations and a growing need for independent attestation of external accounts by auditors.

Throughout the postwar period, economic progress also was assisted substantially by a level of internal and external political stability unseen in other East European countries during the same period, that was also a change in Bulgarian political scene was a lot of turbulence preceded the ascent to power of the BCP.

One of the types of tissue that makes up bone is the mineralized osseous tissue, also called bone tissue, that gives it rigidity and a coral-like three-dimensional internal structure.

The Bulgarians also held some advantages, controlling internal communication and supply lines.

The failure of the system to catch on in North America was partly because of its internal deficiencies but also because the Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress systems were already well established.

Chondrichthyes also lack ribs, so if they leave water, the larger species ' own body weight would crush their internal organs long before they would suffocate.

In addition to these internal teams, Capcom also commissions outside development studios to ensure a steady output of titles.

Both types of cannibalism can also be fueled by the belief that eating a person's flesh or internal organs will endow the cannibal with some of the characteristics of the deceased.

These are also strengthened with internal bracing, and decorated with inlays and purfling.

However, under conditions of constant pressure, as in reactions in vessels open to the atmosphere, the measured heat change is not always equal to the internal energy change, because pressure-volume work also releases or absorbs energy.

A coalition government might also be created in a time of national difficulty or crisis, for example during wartime, or economic crisis, to give a government the high degree of perceived political legitimacy, or collective identity it desires whilst also playing a role in diminishing internal political strife.

Reactions can also be characterized by the internal energy which takes into account changes in the entropy, volume and chemical potential.

Internal bus, also known as internal data bus, memory bus or system bus or front-Side-Bus, connects all the internal components of a computer, such as CPU and memory, to the motherboard.

The 1541 also had an internal power source, which generated some heat.

They often also have some form of strengthening internal " sear " or trigger face, usually of metal.