More recent contributors to the loss of forest cover include the growth in cattle herd size since their introduction around 1000 years ago, a continued reliance on charcoal as a fuel for cooking, and the increased prominence of coffee as a cash crop over the past century.

The introduction of cash taxes, rather than on agricultural produce was intended to increase cultivation of coffee as a cash crop.

The introduction of a VAT can reduce the cash economy because businesses that wish to buy and sell with other VAT registered businesses must themselves be VAT registered.

*" Detecting Double-Spending " -( Hal Finney's introduction to Chaumian digital cash )

On the PCC streetcars, cash fares were paid on board ( except for a brief period prior to the introduction of LRVs, when proof-of-payment fare collection was instituted ).

With the introduction of the opium poppy as a cash crop in the early 19th century, many Lisu populations were able to achieve economic stability.

The introduction of cash crops, particularly coffee, led to a series of changes in settlement patterns and social arrangements.

: Sir Michael received payments from Mr Greer ( though not in cash ) which were neither introduction commissions nor fees associated with the Unitary Tax Campaign.

However, the introduction of the electronic money system has made large-scale cash transactions obsolete.

Another new feature is the introduction of cash.

In 1989, a second cash bonus was added to the board with the introduction of the " Cashpot ", an accumulating jackpot that started at $ 500 and added $ 100 for each game it was not claimed.

Coffee is the primary cash crop for many Chagga people after its introduction to the area in the late nineteenth century, although bananas and maize are also staples.

They added to the strong social, political and agricultural unrest throughout Britain in the 1830s, encouraging a wider demand for political reform, culminating in the introduction of the Reform Act 1832 ; and also to the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 ending " outdoor relief " in cash or kind, and setting up a chain of workhouses across the country, to which the poor had to go if they wanted help.

Chen Yong-hua is credited for the introduction of new agricultural techniques, such as water-storage for annual dry periods and the deliberate cultivation of sugar cane as a cash crop for trade with the Europeans, in addition to the cooperative unit machinery for mass refining of sugar.

For example, the introduction of a Taxi Regulator and subsequent regulations for the taxi industry has meant that the opportunities for taxi drivers to avoid declaring cash income have dwindled.

The World Bank has identified key areas for potential growth, including the productivity of traditional crops and the introduction of new exports, light manufactures, industrial mining, and services.

The introduction of herbicide-tolerant crops has the potential of reducing the number of herbicide active ingredients used for weed management, reducing the number of herbicide applications made during a season, and increasing yield due to improved weed management and less crop injury.

Historic crop rotation methods are mentioned in Roman literature, and referred to by several civilizations in Asia and on three major elements: sophisticated systems of crop rotation, highly developed irrigation techniques and the introduction of a large variety of crops which were studied and catalogued according to the season, type of land and amount of water they require.

CABDA proceeds through specific areas of intervention such as the introduction of drought-resistant crops and new methods of food production such as agro-forestry.

Fairchild was responsible for the introduction of more than 200, 000 exotic plants and varieties of established crops into the United States, including soybeans, pistachios, mangos, nectarines, dates, bamboos, and flowering cherries.

In a period where Europe was experiencing frequent wars, where trade had slumped and the crops had failed, many local weavers faced losing their means of livelihood due to the introduction of new machinery, which would have condemned them to poverty or even starvation.

In the past agriculture has looked at soil tillage as a main process in the introduction of new crops to an area.

The introduction of grazing livestock to the same field that once held crops can be beneficial for not only the producer, but also the field itself.

The Japanese were responsible for the introduction of crops such as jute and black pepper kingdom in the 1930s ; hawai papaya and melon in the 1970s.

Andros encouraged the introduction of new crops like cotton and flax, and the manufacture of fabric.

The third wave of native settlement was the Woodland period, which saw the introduction of the bow and arrow and the growing of crops which allowed for larger, more permanent villages.

After a period of small subsistence agriculture, the local economy began to concentrate on a few chief exports: initially, lichen ( Roccella tinctoria ) and woad ( Isatis tinctoria ), later the introduction of wheat and corn crops.

During the first year of introduction of prodnalog, a significant amount of bread and other products remained at peasant households ' disposal, which provided an incentive for peasants to develop their own household economy, widen the sowing areas, increase the total number of livestock and productivity of crops.

The laurel forest has been badly damaged due to short for timber harvesting, burning both accidental and deliberate by open fields for crops, either colonial or subsistence crops in the past and exotic timber plantations in the present, the open cattle pastures, golf courses and tourist facilities and the introduction of exotic animal and plant species that have replaced the original cover.

Fairchild was responsible for the introduction of more than 200, 000 exotic plants and varieties of established crops into the United States, including soybeans, pistachios, mangos, nectarines, dates, bamboos, and flowering cherries.

The introduction of domestic cattle and grain crops by Bantu speakers who arrived in the southern regions from central Africa since 10, 000 BC and the spread of cattle keeping to Khoi and San groups enabled products and the availability of fresh meat on demand.

The insect is not believed to be present in the United States, where the government has been making efforts to prevent its introduction on imported food crops.

Meanwhile, in the countryside, where most people had always lived, life went on much as it had in Roman times, but with improvements due to the repair and extension of irrigation systems, and the introduction of novel crops and agricultural practices from the Islamic world.

Since the beginning of 20th century, significant portions of their traditional land have been taken over by outsiders, and what was once a grassland became desertified by deforestation, introduction of cattle and, more recently, by the introduction of alien crops ( soybean ).

The introduction of foreign germplasm into crops has been achieved by traditional crop breeders by artificially overcoming fertility barriers.

The retention of a tradition confronted with such a crisis necessitates the introduction of new spiritual forces into the situation.

The assembly line developed by Ford Motor Company between 1908 and 1915 made assembly lines famous in the following decade through the social ramifications of mass production, such as the affordability of the Ford Model T and the introduction of high wages for Ford workers.

Alfred's first translation was of Pope Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care, which he prefaced with an introduction explaining why he thought it necessary to translate works such as this one from Latin into English.

Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.

Externally, political activity on the part of Ásatrú organizations has surrounded campaigns against alleged religious discrimination, such as the call for the introduction of an Ásatrú " emblem of belief " by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs to parallel the Wiccan pentacle granted to the widow of Patrick Stewart in 2006.

Apple has led development of many such efforts, from the introduction of the AirPort router to the development of the Zero configuration networking system and their implementation of it, Bonjour.

In the introduction, Socrates muses about the perfect society, described in Plato's Republic ( c. 380 BC ), and wonders if he and his guests might recollect a story which exemplifies such a society.

They determined to reinvestigate the motion of γ Draconis ; the telescope, constructed by George Graham ( 1675 – 1751 ), a celebrated instrument-maker, was affixed to a vertical chimney stack, in such manner as to permit a small oscillation of the eyepiece, the amount of which ( i. e. the deviation from the vertical ) was regulated and measured by the introduction of a screw and a plumb line.

After introduction into the vacuum system, the sample is reduced to cryogenic temperatures ( typically 20-100 K ) and manipulated such that the needle's point is aimed towards an ion detector.

The European brass industry continued to flourish into the post medieval period buoyed by innovations such as the 16th century introduction of water powered hammers for the production of battery wares.

As a result of their introduction, bouts became longer and more strategic with greater importance attached to defensive maneuvers such as slipping, bobbing, countering and angling.

Whereas in the past, the National and American leagues had separate administrative organizations ( which, for example, allowed for the introduction of different rules such as the designated hitter ), under Selig, Major League Baseball consolidated the administrative functions of both leagues into the Commissioner's Office in 2000.

This led to the return of dropped characters, including Little Plum, Baby Face Finlayson and The McTickles, but also led to the introduction of new strips such as Little Monkey.

Over the last ten years, Chileans have enjoyed the introduction of new financial tools such as home equity loans, currency futures and options, factoring, leasing, and debit cards.

The introduction of these new products has also been accompanied by an increased use of traditional instruments such as loans and credit cards.

The consequences of the change to the Hungarian king included the introduction of feudalism and the rise of the native noble families such as Frankopan and Šubić.

The recent introduction of such products may indicate that there is a growing demand for these companion carbines.

The introduction of missile weapons that required less skill than the longbow, such as the crossbow and hand cannon, also helped remove the focus somewhat from cavalry elites to masses of cheap infantry equipped with easy-to-learn weapons.

In the Command & Conquer real-time strategy games, both the gameplay and storyline revolve heavily around the introduction to Earth of an extraterrestrial mutagen called Tiberium via meteor, which displays strikingly lifelike behaviours such as self-replication, evolution, and homeostasis, without undergoing anything like common carbon-based metabolic cycles, and which appears to be colonising the Earth, converting it into an environment unsuited to carbon-based biology.

In the 19th century, introduction of steamboats in the United States was the cause of deforestation of banks of major rivers, such as the Mississippi River, with increased and more severe flooding one of the environmental results.

Yamaha's engineers began adapting Chowning's algorithm for use in a commercial digital synthesizer, adding improvements such as the " key scaling " method to avoid the introduction of distortion that normally occurred in analog systems during frequency modulation, though it would take several years before Yamaha release their FM digital synthesizers.

While low-quality at first, consumer digital video increased rapidly in quality, first with the introduction of playback standards such as MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 ( adopted for use in television transmission and DVD media ), and then the introduction of the DV tape format allowing recording direct to digital data and simplifying the editing process, allowing non-linear editing systems ( NLE ) to be deployed cheaply and widely on desktop computers with no external playback / recording equipment needed.

However, as mentioned in the introduction, biographical details such as these should be regarded with scepticism.

This dual rôle allowed the Committee, to which Clarke and MacDermott added themselves shortly afterward, to promote their own policies and personnel independently of both the Volunteer Executive and the IRB Executive — in particular Volunteer Chief of Staff Eoin MacNeill, who supported a rising only on condition of an increase in popular support following unpopular moves by the London government, such as the introduction of conscription or an attempt to suppress the Volunteers or its leaders, and IRB President Denis McCullough, who held similar views.