Cross-cultural psychiatrist Arthur Kleinman contends that the Western bias is ironically illustrated in the introduction of cultural factors to the DSM-IV: the fact that disorders or concepts from non-Western or non-mainstream cultures are described as " culture-bound ", whereas standard psychiatric diagnoses are given no cultural qualification whatsoever, is to Kleinman revelatory of an underlying assumption that Western cultural phenomena are universal.

Among the distinguished foreign officers given commissions in the 60th ( Royal Americans ) was Henri Bouquet, a Swiss citizen, whose ideas on tactics, training and man-management ( including the unofficial introduction of the rifle and ' battle-dress `) would become universal in the British Army some 150 years later.

At the same time, social democratic parties won elections and formed governments for the first time, often as a result of the introduction of universal suffrage.

** Ibn Khaldun ( 1332 – 1406 ) – in his Muqaddimah ( later translated as Prolegomena in Latin ), the introduction to a seven volume analysis of universal history, was the first to advance social philosophy and social science in formulating theories of social cohesion and social conflict.

The introduction of Newton's laws of motion and the development of Newton's law of universal gravitation led to considerable further development of the concept of weight.

This was followed by the introduction of universal adult suffrage in 1951, with Adams elected the Premier of Barbados in 1958.

Though Bermuda has been classified as a self-governed colony since 1620, internal self-government was bolstered by the establishment of a formal constitution in 1968, and the introduction of universal adult suffrage ; debate about independence has ensued, although a 1995 independence referendum was soundly defeated.

Stevin declared that using decimals was so important that the universal introduction of decimal weights, measures and coinage was only a matter of time.

Darius conducted the introduction of a universal currency, the daric sometime before 500 BCE.

After the Pacification of 1917 marked by the introduction of universal suffrage the party never received more than twenty percent of the vote.

The marginal tax rate was halved over a number of years from 66 % to 33 %; this was paid for by the introduction of a tax on goods and services ( GST ) initially at 10 %, later 12. 5 % ( and eventually in 2011, 15 %), and a surtax on superannuation, which had been made universal from age 60 by the previous government.

Other provisions include the allowance of a broad participation in the Duma ( parliament ), the introduction of universal male suffrage, as well as a decree that no law should come into force without the consent of the Duma.

Others are among the many former fee-paying schools absorbed into larger state-funded community schools founded since the introduction of universal secondary education in the Republic by minister Donogh O ' Malley in September 1967.

The introduction of the universal credit, under the Government ’ s welfare reforms, will mean that people returning to work from benefits will continue to receive some state support.

His Muqaddimah was also the introduction to a seven volume analysis of universal history.

The PUP concentrated on agitating for constitutional reforms, including universal adult suffrage without a literacy test, an all-elected Legislative Council, an Executive Council chosen by the leader of the majority party in the legislature, the introduction of a ministerial system, and the abolition of the governor's reserve powers.

He had a seat in the Constituent Assembly of 1867, and while he joined the National Liberals he distinguished himself by opposing the introduction of universal suffrage, sharing the distrust of many Liberals over its effects.

Coupled with a federal government promise in 1959 to give even more money for medical care, this paved the way for Douglas's most notable achievement, the introduction of universal health care legislation in 1961.

In 2003, bullet time evolved further through The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions with the introduction of high-definition computer-generated approaches like virtual cinematography and universal capture.

Since the introduction of the MiG-15 and North American F-86 which demonstrated a decisive superiority over the slower first generation of straight-wing jet fighters during the Korean War, swept wings have become almost universal on all but the slowest jets ( such as the A-10 ).

The leading Polish writer of the period, Bolesław Prus, hailed Spencer as " the Aristotle of the nineteenth century " and adopted Spencer's metaphor of society-as-organism, giving it a striking poetic presentation in his 1884 micro-story, " Mold of the Earth ", and highlighting the concept in the introduction to his most universal novel, Pharaoh ( 1895 ).

There is evidence of early Muslim sociology from the 14th century: Ibn Khaldun, in his Muqaddimah ( later translated as Prolegomena in Latin ), the introduction to a seven volume analysis of universal history, was the first to advance social philosophy and social science in formulating theories of social cohesion and social conflict.

Since the 1866 introduction of universal male franchise the SPD had proved that old methods of, " surprise attacks, of revolutions carried through by small conscious minorities at the head of masses lacking consciousness is past ".

In his introduction to his poem The Phoenix and the Tortoise, Rexroth articulated his understanding of love and marriage: " The process as I see it goes something like this: from abandon to erotic mysticism, from erotic mysticism to the ethical mysticism of sacramental marriage, thence to the realization of the ethical mysticism of universal responsibility.

Mass public support for the captured ' rebels ' in the colony's capital of Melbourne when they were placed on trial resulted in the introduction of the Electoral Act 1856, which mandated full white male suffrage for elections for the lower house in the Victorian parliament, the first instituted political democracy in Australia.

One notable reform was the introduction of women's suffrage for federal elections in 1902.

Lord Robert Cecil was first elected to the House of Commons in 1854 and served as Secretary of State for India in Lord Derby's Conservative government from 1866 until his resignation in 1867 over its introduction of Benjamin Disraeli's Reform Bill that extended the suffrage to working-class men.

It ’ s interesting to note that, during this late Victorian period, as the women ’ s suffrage movement was gaining momentum ( American women did not all win the right to vote until 1920 with the passing of the 19th Amendment ), the introduction of more tailored dresses and jackets coincided with women ’ s new sense of feminism.

With the introduction of free, fair and confidential voting in elections based on universal adult male suffrage in 1912 the Party managed to win the general elections of 1916, when Hipólito Yrigoyen became president.

Other demands included an end to the Russo-Japanese War and the introduction of universal suffrage.

The result was the lowest for the Social Democratic Party since the introduction of universal suffrage in Sweden in 1921.

National Archives, War Department Records, Second Military District 3 / 11 / 1867-7 / 28 / 1868, Administrative History Note: The establishment of military government in the Southern states as a feature of the system imposed under the Reconstruction Acts was due primarily to the fact that the introduction of Negro suffrage was thought to be possible only through a show of strength.

Narodnaya Volya ’ s Program contained the following demands: convocation of the Constituent Assembly ( for designing a Constitution ); introduction of universal suffrage ; permanent people ’ s representation, freedom of speech, press, and assembly ; communal self-government ; exchange of the permanent army with a people ’ s volunteer corps ; transfer of land to the people ; gradual placement of the factories under the control of the workers ; and granting oppressed peoples of the Russian Empire the right to self-determination.

Due to their political division and the introduction of universal suffrage the liberals disappeared from the political stage.

The feeling of unity between the Swedish-speaking rural population and the ( remains of the ) Swedish-speaking elite is the lasting legacy of the Svecoman movement, and this became the core idea of the Swedish People's Party, which was founded after the introduction of equal and common suffrage in 1906.

With the introduction of manhood suffrage in New South Wales in 1858 his campaign for democracy was fulfilled, and he was out of sympathy with the more advanced radicals.

Prior to the introduction of universal suffrage in 1967, elections in the Bahamas were dominated by the white oligarchy known as the Bay Street Boys.

" In debates on Reconstruction, Radical Republicans, such as Senator Charles Sumner, argued that the republican " guarantee clause " in Article IV supported the introduction by force of law of democratic suffrage in the defeated South.

Indo-Fijians, led by A. D. Patel, demanded the immediate introduction of full self-government, with a fully elected legislature, to be elected by universal suffrage on a common voters ' roll.

Staaff was active in the Swedish movement for universal suffrage, and as the Liberal party's prime minister he presided in 1905 over the introduction of a limited democratic vote for men.

1881 was the year first general election held under universal male suffrage ; all MPs elected in single-member electorates ; introduction of country quota allowing rural electorates to have 25 % fewer voters than urban electorates.