In cases involving the controversial issue of anti-trust regulation, the Supreme Court was divided.

These cases usually pertain to issues which different appellate courts within its jurisdiction have decided differently, or highly controversial cases involving a completely new legal issue never seen in that state.

In the Fujii case, involving nearly 200 papers, the journal Anesthesia & Analgesia, which published 24 of Fujii's papers, has accepted that its handling of the issue was inadequate.

Under Chief Justices Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth ( 1789 – 1801 ), the Court heard few cases ; its first decision was West v. Barnes ( 1791 ), a case involving a procedural issue.

The West entered in a war with India in 1947 directly involving the issue of Kashmir.

With the approval of the treaty, the issue moved from one of abstraction to one involving practical matters.

By removing the jurisdiction of federal courts, including the Supreme Court, from cases involving the Pledge, this legislation sets a dangerous precedent: threatening religious liberty, compromising the vital system of checks and balances upon which our government was founded, and granting Congress the authority to strip the courts ' jurisdiction on any issue it wishes.

Aware of the tremendous challenges in the fields of education and the pursuit of excellence, UDP that same year designed a plan for long-term infrastructural growth, involving the issue of a Security Bond guaranteed by the World Bank for the sum of approximately US $ 25 million, thus becoming the first educational institution to utilize this type of financing.

In the next issue, the team worked together on a common case, but each story from there on still featured the members individually on a mission involving part of the case, and then banding together in the end to wrap things up.

The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ( SALT ) refers to two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union — the Cold War superpowers — on the issue of armament control.

Barnette overruled a 1940 decision on the same issue, Minersville School District v. Gobitis ( also involving the children of Jehovah's Witnesses ), in which the Court stated that the proper recourse for dissent was to try to change the school policy democratically.

One of the most prominent controversies involving Nestlé concerns the promotion of the use of infant formula to mothers across the world, including developing countries – an issue that attracted significant attention in 1977 as a result of the Nestlé boycott, which is still going.

The term was originally defined as " a lawsuit involving communications made to influence a governmental action or outcome, which resulted in a civil complaint or counterclaim filed against nongovernment individuals or organizations on a substantive issue of some public interest or social significance.

A related issue involving members of the Islamic faith over the interpretation of the Muslim version of canon law, Shariah, regarding the promotional artwork on a dessert package in the United Kingdom raised issues of cultural sensitivity, and, with the former example, posed a larger question about the lengths that companies must go to insure the smooth operation of their businesses in the communities they serve.

This forced league commissioner Paul Tagliabue to issue a statement that he might ban all future trades for coaches involving draft choices because it might compromise the draft.

At the University of Dundee, formerly Queens College St Andrews, gaudie nights are traditional student celebrations involving the issue of junior students with senior ' academic parents ' in order to introduce them to higher education and to provide socialisation.

As in many cases involving statistics and public policy, the issue is debated, but “ improvement scores ” were not announced in subsequent years and the findings appear to be a case of regression to the mean.

One summary is that " once a court has decided an issue of fact or law necessary to its judgment, that decision ... preclude relitigation of the issue in a suit on a different cause of action involving a party to the first case.

In a publicity rights case the issue to decide is whether a significant section of the public would be misled into believing ( incorrectly ) that a commercial arrangement had been concluded between a plaintiff and a defendant under which the plaintiff agreed to the advertising involving the image or reputation of a famous person.

" Textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department ;" as an example of this, Brennan cited issues of foreign affairs and executive war powers, arguing that cases involving such matters would be " political questions "

Another significant issue unique to Laser disc is one involving the inconsistency of playback quality between different makers and models of player.

Suddenly, in issue # 149, Gary emerged from hiding ( after having faked his own death to avoid gambling debts ) and began involving himself directly in Hard Eight's business again.

However, for developers and advanced users like researchers, analysts and gamers, 3rd party software development involving firmware mods, whether for powerful gaming or exploiting capabilities beyond the published data sheet and programming language, is a contentious issue with manufacturers and education authorities as it might incite unfair calculator use during standardized high school and college tests where these devices are targeted.

The first section is always the analytical writing section involving separately timed issue and argument tasks.

The present issue in Atlantica -- whether to transform an alliance of sovereign nations into a federal union of sovereign citizens -- resembles the American one of 1787-89 rather than the one that was resolved by Civil War.

Hence the prime issue, as I see it, is whether a democratic or free society can master technology for the benefit of mankind, or whether technology will rule and develop its own society compatible with its own needs as a force of nature.

The state is now faced with the immediate question of raising new taxes whether on utilities, real estate or motor vehicles, he said, `` and I challenge Mitchell to tell the people where he stands on the tax issue ''.

This is an issue which boils down to a matter of opinion, depending on whether you're an American or National fan and anti or pro-Yankee.

Thus, if what is at issue is whether `` All S is P '', it is indifferent whether `` Some S is not P '' or `` No S is P '', since in either case the judgment in question is false.

The appellate court will typically be deferential to the lower court's findings of fact ( such as whether a defendant committed a particular act ), unless clearly erroneous, and so will focus on the court's application of the law to those facts ( such as whether the act found by the court to have occurred fits a legal definition at issue ).

The slavery issue was primarily about whether the system of slavery was an anachronistic evil that was incompatible with Republicanism in the United States, or a state system protected by the Constitution.

" Ever since the time of my ancestor Ali, the first Imam, that is to say over a period of thirteen hundred years, it has always been the tradition of our family that each Imam chooses his successor at his absolute and unfettered discretion from amongst any of his descendants, whether they be sons or remote male issue and in these circumstances and in view of the fundamentally altered conditions in the world in very recent years due to the great changes which have taken place including the discoveries of atomic science, I am convinced that it is in the best interest of the Shia Muslim Ismailia Community that I should be succeeded by a young man who has been brought up and developed during recent years and in the midst of the new age and who brings a new outlook on life to his office as Imam.

Competence does not seem to have been the main issue, but rather, at least in the 4th century BC, whether they were loyal democrats or had oligarchic tendencies.

A dividing issue is whether a person is " Folkish ", meaning that an emphasis on ancestry and ancestor worship is a part of their belief system.

Stability is an issue in all amplifiers with feedback, whether that feedback is added intentionally or results unintentionally.

* in the United States, determining whether the Seventh Amendment's right to a jury trial applies ( a determination of a fact necessary to resolution of a " common law " claim ) or whether the issue will be decided by a judge ( issues of what the law is, and all issues relating to equity ).

Because reasonably precise guidance on almost every issue, parties ( especially commercial parties ) can predict whether a proposed course of action is likely to be lawful or unlawful.

One way to view the issue is whether it is possible to accurately simulate a human brain on a computer without accurately simulating the neurons that make up the human brain.

In November 2008, Columbia's undergraduate student body held a referendum on the question of whether or not to invite ROTC back to campus, and the students who voted were almost evenly divided on the issue.

One last distinction within citizenship is the so-called consent descent distinction, and this issue addresses whether citizenship is a fundamental matter determined by a person choosing to belong to a particular nation –– by his or her consent –– or is citizenship a matter of where a person was born –– that is, by his or her descent.

If this issue is raised, evidence will be placed before the court, which will normally rule as a preliminary matter whether the plea is substantiated, and if it so finds, the projected trial will be prevented from proceeding.

Frances and others have published debates on what they see as the six most essential questions in psychiatric diagnosis-are they more like theoretical constructs or more like diseases ; how to reach an agreed definition ; whether the DSM-V should take a cautious or conservative approach ; the role of practical rather than scientific considerations ; the issue of use by clinicians or researchers ; and whether an entirely different diagnostic system is required.

On November 4, 2005, the Los Angeles Times reported that Rohrabacher was paid 23, 000 dollars for a thirty year old screen play of his ". At issue was whether the producer paid him for the screenplay or for the introductions to congressional and federal officials.

This issue became clear as it was discovered that the parallel postulate was not necessarily valid and its applicability was an empirical matter, deciding whether the applicable geometry was Euclidean or non-Euclidean.