The primary political axis in Taiwan involves the issue of Taiwan independence versus eventual unification with China.

* The interpretation of tough-mindedness as a manifestation of " authoritarian " versus tender-minded " democratic " values was incompatible with the Frankfurt school's single-axis model, which conceptualized authoritarianism as being a fundamental manifestation of conservatism, and many researchers took issue with the idea of " left-wing authoritarianism.

The popularity of the evolution of cooperation – the reason it is not an obscure technical issue of interest to only a small number of specialists – is in part because it mirrors a larger issue where the realms of political philosophy, ethics, and biology intersect: the ancient issue of individual interests versus group interests.

The strategic reserves issue was a topic of debate also between conservationists and the petroleum industry, as well as those favoring public ownership versus private control.

There, he participated in a series of debates, particularly regarding the contentious issue of Calvinism versus Arminianism ( siding with the Calvinists against the Remonstrants ).

In radio broadcasts, he carefully repositioned the issue from one of Catholic versus Protestant to tolerance versus intolerance.

* Cessationism versus Continuationism, where Sola Scriptura is discussed with regard to the issue of charismatic gifts

Within the political scene of Taiwan, reunification versus independence plays an important role in defining the political spectrum, although much of the support for either bloc is unrelated to the reunification versus independence issue and most people in Taiwan are in the middle of the spectrum.

In this sense, an AI system cannot be entirely operational ( this issue can be used to discuss strong versus weak AI ) if learning is involved.

Freed from political and war-time issues, Aristophanes focuses in The Clouds on a broader issue that underlies many conflicts depicted in his plays-the issue of Old versus New, or the battle of ideas.

The Labour Party had decided not to participate in the election, allowing the electorate to decide on the issue of Home rule versus a Republic by having a clear two way choice between the two nationalist parties.

An important issue in Kaysen's view is the distinction between the treatment of the brain versus the treatment of the mind.

* Express versus issue advocacy: these two types of advocacy when grouped together usually refers to a debate in the United States whether a group is expressly making their desire known that voters should cast ballots in a particular way, or whether a group has a long term issue that isn't campaign and election season specific.

From early days of Islamic civilization, and because of both internal factors including intra-Muslim conflicts and external factors including interfaith debates, several questions were being debated by Muslim theologians, such as whether the Qur ' an was created or eternal, whether evil was created by God, the issue of predestination versus free will, whether God's attributes in the Qur ' an were to be interpreted allegorically or literally, etc.

The most divisive political issue of the day was the use of hard money, or specie, versus the use of paper money, and Hopkins sided with the latter group.

Another issue was Newport interests versus Providence interests.

Thus, Prof. Natan Lerner of Tel Aviv University observes that the issue is one of a clash of rights — the perceived right of a person to express his or her views versus the perceived right of a person not to be exposed to views that he or she does not wish to hear.

Although compliance was believed to be one issue in clinical versus animal trials, the high viscosity and controlled nature of animal-viral inoculations ( atraumatic introduction of virus using a French catheter ) may be why the latter animal study observed a positive outcome.

Ecological validity is partly related to the issue of experiment versus observation.

In the presence of a threshold issue that will ultimately decide a case, a court may elect to hear that issue rather than proceeding with a full-blown trial.

A critical issue for him was appearing in the fall presidential debates and he won an important victory when the League of Women Voters created a qualification threshold of 15 % for him to appear.

It is on the order of the factual standard of proof needed to achieve a finding of " Probable Cause " used in ex parte threshold determinations needed before a court will issue a search warrant.

In this standard, a greater degree of believability must be met than the common standard of proof in civil actions, " Preponderance of the Evidence ", which requires that the facts as a threshold be more likely than not to prove the issue for which they are asserted.

An issue raised in the U. S. since the 2005 Disney decision is the degree to which companies manage their governance responsibilities ; in other words, do they merely try to supersede the legal threshold, or should they create governance guidelines that ascend to the level of best practice.

She further developed the idea of the threshold, with reference to constitutional law, in her Foreword to the 2007 Supreme Court issue of the Harvard Law Review, " Constitutions and Capabilities: ' Perception ' Against Lofty Formalism ", which would ultimately appear in revised form as the book Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach ( 2011 ).

Garnier has long campaigned against compulsory annuity purchases for sums above the minimum income threshold and has introduced or supported several Private Members Bills on the issue.

Cases may proceed either by way of Informal or General Procedure – the former where the amount in issue is CAD $ 12, 000 or less and the latter where the amount in issue exceeds that threshold.

Another factor that causes variations in the correlation between the media and public agenda is whether an issue is " obtrusive " or " unobtrusive ” or in other terms have high or low issue threshold.

The validity of the amount of damages claimed is considered a threshold issue of law for a judge to decide at the commencement of the case.

This issue may be addressed by increasing the threshold in which one detects only larger increases in copy number of DNA extracted from cells, but this comes at the cost of increasing failure to detect low level gains and losses.

Attempting to address this issue, Caldwell and his band re-entered the studio, laying down the song's now-familiar rhythm tracks.

Starburst re-entered print in February 2012 with issue 374.

Roosevelt acted as moderator of the long debate on this issue.

Question at issue: How big a vote should be necessary to restrict Senate debate -- and thereby cut off legislation-delaying filibusters??

Public interest in, and debate over, Hill's testimony is said to have launched modern-day public awareness and open discussion of the issue of workplace sexual harassment in the United States with the ultimate result that the behavior is less tolerated today.

In 1919, after delays caused by the destruction of World War I and a lengthy debate over who should head the institution and the socio-economic meanings of a reconciliation of the fine arts and the applied arts ( an issue which remained a defining one throughout the school's existence ), Gropius was made the director of a new institution integrating the two called the Bauhaus.

Ever since Europeans first encountered Confucianism, the issue of how Confucianism should be classified has been subject to debate.

The cause of economic malaise in the Maritimes is an issue of great debate and controversy among historians, economists, and geographers.

The debate itself was extensive and at its end, the principal issue was no longer Jean de Meun ’ s literary capabilities.

The issue of the instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, and the supposition that the double bass is a direct descendant of the viol family is one that has not been entirely resolved.

The issue of staff training was one of hot debate in the navy, with some such as Fisher seeing no point in more training, while others such as Beresford supported the development of a formal naval staff.

The lawn vs. garden issue is played out in urban planning as the debate over the " land ethic " that is to determine urban land use and whether hyper hygienist bylaws ( e. g. weed control ) should apply, or whether land should generally be allowed to exist in its natural wild state.

The Japanese arrange a meeting with the Russian and American ambassadors and, after some debate over the issue, Prime Minister Mitamura decides nuclear weapons will not be used on Godzilla even if he were to attack the Japanese mainland, an announcement that the Russians can't come to terms with.

Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, sometimes split along party political lines, especially in the United States.

He refused to honor the House ’ s gag rule banning discussion or debate of the slavery issue.

Though few in the new congress wanted to debate a possible Bill of Rights ( for the next century, most thought that the Declaration of Independence, not the first ten constitutional amendments, constituted the true Bill of Rights ), Madison pressed the issue.

After much debate, the House of Representatives voted down all resolutions that condemned Jackson in any way, thus implicitly endorsing Monroe's actions and leaving the issue surrounding the role of the executive with respect to war powers unanswered.

An issue that is subject to more debate is that in Commentary on Matthew ( Book X, Chapter 17 ), Origen cites Josephus as stating the death of James had brought a wrath upon those who had killed him, and that his death was the cause of the destruction of Jerusalem.

The issue has been a subject of contention within modern Jewish denominations and has led to debate and division.

The presence of these powerful groups and factors means that the debate on the issue is not always based on dispassionate analysis.

Max Weber's article has been cited as a definitive refutation of the dependence of the economic theory of value on the laws of psychophysics by Lionel Robbins, George Stigler, and Friedrich Hayek, though the broader issue of the relation between economics and psychology has come back into the academic debate with the development of " behavioral economics.

However, one practising Wiccan, the transgender activist Jani Farrell-Roberts subsequently entered into a publicly published debate with Hutton on the issue in a series of articles published in 2003 in the occult-based magazine The Cauldron.

Blade Runners dark paranoid atmosphere – and multiple versions of the film – adds fuel to the speculation and debate over this issue.

In August 2009 as part of its third legislative term in the Scottish Parliament, the Government proposes to debate the Scottish referendum bill 2010, which would set out a planned referendum for 30th November 2010 on the issue of Scottish independence.

The issue of whether and in what sense secular humanism might be considered a religion, and what the implications of this would be has become the subject of legal maneuvering and political debate in the United States.

The format was the classic mode in which the announcer gave the topic for that day, and listeners called in to debate the issue.

Theologians and philosophers also debate a broader issue about the nature of God: how are we to understand what sort of thing God is?