The affected joints included the knees, elbows, ankles, hips, wrists, and shoulders of the pediatric patients.

Even the UK's best seller, the Austin / Morris 1100 had to be subjected to an emergency cost reduction programme which removed approximately £ 10 from the cost of each car, applying changes that included the omission of lead sealing from body joints (£ 2. 40 per car ), removing provision for optional reversing lamps (£ 0. 10 ) and " changes in body finish " (£ 0. 75 ).

This included tool bits and tool joints critical for oil drilling, some of the first technologies for ram blast bits for drilling in mines, geothermal drilling, and a hydraulic jackhammer known as the Hughes Impactor.

The suspension system included MacPherson struts and coil springs at front and semi-trailing arms with coil springs at rear, with a body-mounted rear differential and four constant-velocity joints.

Mechanical changes included relocation of the manual transmission shifter to the steering column, new ball joints, and a new gear-reduction starter motor.

The most common methods said to be used in this practice included stunting children's growth by physical restraint, muzzling their faces to deform them, slitting their eyes, dislocating their joints, and malforming their bones.

Additional symptoms included hearing loss, stiffened joints, and facial deformities.

His design comprised a barrel-shaped upper torso with domed ends and included ball and socket joints in the articulated arms and legs.

The old Yoseikan style included mainly jujutsu, aikijujutsu, kobudo and a few karate techniques, such as: foot throws ( ashi waza ), standing throws ( nage waza ) and groundwork ( ne waza ); punches, kicking and blocking techniques ( kihon te waza, kihon uke waza, kihon geri waza ); escapes ( te hodoki ), joints locks, bending or twisting ( kansetsu waza ), variation techniques ( henka waza ); sword, sticks and knife techniques ; counter techniques ( ura waza ), chokes ( shime waza ) and exclusive sacrifice techniques ( sutemi waza ) as well as a number of solo and paired katas with and without weapons.

Other changes included alterations to the fabric around the joints improve mobility and improvement of the gloves to make it easier to operate the spacecraft controls.

Besides flathead bronze screws, silicon bronze Stronghold nails ( made by Independent Nail & Packing Co., Bridgewater, Mass. ) are used extensively in assembly and Weldwood resorcinol glue is used in all the joints.

All frames are butted at the joints and 3/8-inch plywood gussets are glued and nailed on each side of each joint, again using the one-inch, No. 12 nails.

The joints are also reinforced on each side with small blocks set in resin-saturated Fiberglas cloth and nailed.

The battens covering the joints are of Af stock and are applied after the walls are erected.

While the improvements are attributed primarily to changes in the brain and not just the hip and / or ankle joints, it is still unknown whether the improvements are due to adaptations in the cerebellum or compensation by other areas of the brain.

Implants, such as artificial hip joints, are generally extensively regulated due to the invasive nature of such devices.

Knee-pads ( and sometimes elbow-pads ) are popular for protecting joints during crawls.

These joints are usually glued and can be reinforced with mechanical fasteners.

Bolt on neck joints were once associated only with less expensive instruments but now some top manufacturers and hand builders are using variations of this method.

In this regard, cycling is especially helpful for those with arthritis of the lower limbs who are unable to pursue sports that cause impact to the knees and other joints.

In 1691, an article in the London Gazette mentioned John Lofting, who held a patent for a fire engine: " The said patentee has also projected a very useful engine for starting of beer, and other liquors which will draw from 20 to 30 barrels an hour, which are completely fixed with brass joints and screws at reasonable rates ".

Fra Bartolomeo's compositions are remarkable for skill in the massing of light and shade, richness and delicacy of colouring, and for the admirable drapery of the figures, Bartolomeo having been the first to introduce and use the lay-figure with joints.

The human foot and ankle is a strong and complex mechanical structure containing exactly 26 bones, 33 joints ( 20 of which are actively articulated ), and more than a hundred muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

The joints between the phalanges are called interphalangeal and those between the metatarsus and phalanges are called metatarsophalangeal ( MTP ).

There can be many sesamoid bones near the metatarsophalangeal joints, although they are only regularly present in the distal portion of the first metatarsal bone.

The plantar interossei adducts and the dorsal interossei abducts these digits and are also plantar flexors at the metatarsophalangeal joints.

Martin & Co .), dovetail joints ( also used by CF Martin on the D-28 and similar models ) and Spanish heel neck joints, which are named after the shoe they resemble and commonly found in classical guitars.

On a large scale, exfoliation joints are produced as the granite weathers.

A key principle of Krav Maga is finishing a fight as quickly as possible and therefore all attacks are aimed towards the most vulnerable parts of the body ( e. g., face, neck, groin, knee, eyes, joints ).

In a typical case involving lateral motion, the canines and incisors of the opposing arches are moved against each other laterally, i. e., with a side-to-side action, by the medial pterygoid muscles that lie medial to the temporomandibular joints bilaterally.

* Box joint ( also called a finger joint ): Several lap joints at the ends of two boards ; it is used for the corners of boxes.

* joint involvement, designating the metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, the interphalangeal joint of the thumb, second through fifth metatarsophalangeal joint and wrist as small joints, and shoulders, elbows, hip joints, knees, and ankles as large joints:

Detail from La Familia de Jordaens en un Jardín by Jacob Jordaens show swelling of the metacarpal-phalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints.

( 3 ) the anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints.

Flexor digitorum superficialis ( flexor digitorum sublimis ) is an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints.

The primary function of flexor digitorum superficialis is flexion of the middle phalanges of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints, however under continued action it also flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist joint.

In smaller joints, such as at the fingers, hard bony enlargements, called Heberden's nodes ( on the distal interphalangeal joints ) and / or Bouchard's nodes ( on the proximal interphalangeal joints ), may form, and though they are not necessarily painful, they do limit the movement of the fingers significantly.

Enhancement of the synovial membrane at the third and fourth Interphalangeal articulations of hand | proximal interphalangeal ( PIP ) and Interphalangeal articulations of hand | distal interphalangeal ( DIP ) joints is seen, indicating active synovitis ( inflammation of the synovial membrane ; large arrows ).

* Metacarpophalangeal joint, the joints at the proximal end of the fingers, commonly called knuckles

Claw toe is another similar condition, with dorsiflexion of the proximal phalanx on the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint, combined with flexion of both the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints.

Biarticular muscles cross two joints in series, usually in a limb, but the details of the origin ( proximal attachment ) and insertion ( distal attachment ) can play a large role in determining muscle function.

Biarticular muscles can also transfer mechanical power between distal and proximal joints, though the direction and magnitude of this transfer varies with anatomy, muscle activity level, and joint angles.

Bouchard's nodes are hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints ( the middle joints of fingers or toes.