In 1699 he succeeded Samuel Pufendorf as historiographer to the elector, and the same year replaced his uncle Joseph Ancillon as judge of all the French refugees in the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

In Northern Ireland, the role of the jury trial is roughly similar to England and Wales, except that jury trials have been replaced in cases of alleged terrorist offences by courts where the judge sits alone, known as " Diplock courts ".

On Tuesday May 24, 1988, 36-year old Lynn Coleman, a lawyer from New Caney and a former Montgomery County assistant attorney, replaced Duval as the municipal court judge.

Rutherford attempted to quell the controversy by calling a royal commission, but pressure from many Liberals, including Bulyea, led him to resign May 26, 1910 ; he was replaced by Arthur Sifton, hitherto the province's chief judge.

According to Klein, the word wazir is derived from Avestan vicira " arbitrator, judge " and replaced the Arabic kātib, " writer " in the sense of " secretary of state ".

* Abdullah al-Amiri, a judge in the trial of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein who was replaced after allegations of bias

He replaced singer Lulu who was a judge on series one.

Due in part of Sheindlin's popularity, the producers of The People's Court chose her husband Jerry to replace Ed Koch as their presiding judge for its third season ; this meant that husband and wife would be either part of the same afternoon lineup or competing for ratings against each other, but this experiment did not last long and midway through The People's Courts fourth season Sheindlin was replaced by the show's current judge, Marilyn Milian.

In 2011, Dharmendra replaced Sajid Khan as the male judge of the third series of popular reality show India's Got Talent.

* Simon Cowell, Randy Jackson, and Ryan Seacrest lent their voices and allowed their names and likenesses to appear in the game, but Paula Abdul did not and was replaced by a judge named Laura who was voiced by voice actress Kenna Kelly.

On July 29, 2009, TV Guide announced that Rinna and Fatone had been replaced by Hollywood 411, presented by The Bachelor host Chris Harrison and Dancing with the Stars judge Carrie Ann Inaba.

Soon the original judge, Mariya Komarova, fell ill, and on February 13, 2006, according to the Russian law, she was replaced by a different judge, Vladimir Usov.

On March 12, 2001, Marilyn Milian replaced Sheindlin as the judge.

In 2001, she replaced Jerry Sheindlin as judge of The People's Court, and became the first Hispanic judge on any television court show.

He was replaced by Appeals Court judge Edgardo Rivera García.

He served in this capacity until June 13, 1865, when he was forcibly removed from office by occupation forces of the United States Army and replaced by William L. Sharkey, a respected judge and staunch Unionist who had been in total opposition to secession.

Brown re-appointed McAnulty to his former position as a judge with the Jefferson County District Court and replaced him with another African-American, George W. Wilson.

It replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London as the highest appellate court of Hong Kong, The Court, when sitting, will comprise five judges — the Chief Justice, three permanent judges and one non-permanent judge from Hong Kong or another common law jurisdictions.

For Raised on Radio, he was replaced on bass in the studio by Bob Glaub on three songs, while the remaining songs were played by future American Idol judge Randy Jackson, who also played on the subsequent tour.

In 1995, he replaced Thomas Dawson as Solicitor General for Scotland on the other's appointment as a judge of the Supreme Courts of Scotland, and later that year succeeded Lord Rodger of Earlsferry as Lord Advocate, on the other's appointment as Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General, the most senior judge in Scotland.

Then, when the case went to the jury, the judge excused one of the jurors, saying the juror had told him he had been accosted by masked men at his motel the night before the trial opened.

To strike from the record is for a judge to forbid a decision maker ( such as a juror ) to consider a particular piece of testimony or other evidence when deciding the case even though he or she has already learned what that evidence or testimony concerned.

At this point the judge often will ask each prospective juror to answer a list of general questions such as name, occupation, education, family relationships, time conflicts for the anticipated length of the trial.

* Third, whether a judge may punish a juror for exercising the power of jury nullification.

The penalty is set by judges and jury, with each juror having one vote, each judge four.

Dicastery ( from Greek δικαστήριον, law-court, from δικάστης, judge / juror ) is an Italicism sometimes used in English to refer to the Departments of the Roman Curia.

Veronica was not a judge, nor was she a juror, but she paid the ultimate price with the sacrifice of her life.

Judge Frederick Harkin ( McGill ) decides to give Nick a lesson in civic duty and Fitch, despite having originally eliminated him from the list of potential jurors, tells Cable that the judge has sandbagged them, and that he must select Nick as a juror.

* In 2007, an attempt to bribe a juror in a case investigating cigarette smuggling in Northern Ireland led to the retrial being heard by a judge sitting alone, the first such ruling.

'" However, the judge set this evidence aside and after the trial, the lead juror confessed that had he been presented with such evidence, he would not have found Williams to be guilty.

During the trial, a juror bored with the minutiae of one witness's testimony makes a remark which prompts the judge to grant a mistrial.

Accordingly, he begins the novel by giving short biographies of each juror in which he describes their individual experiences, their social and financial background, the outlook on life which each of them has acquired over time, and also any possible predisposition to judge others harshly.

For example, neither a judge nor a juror is competent to testify in a trial in which the judge or the juror serves in that capacity ; and in jurisdictions with a dead man statute, a person is deemed not competent to testify as to statements of or transactions with a deceased opposing party.

The agency became known for crime-busting after it successfully tracked down members of the Allen family wanted in a shootout in 1912 at the Carroll County Courthouse in Hillsville, Virginia, that left the judge, the sheriff, the prosecutor, a juror and a witness dead or dying.

As she is the only juror to believe the lodger is innocent and will not join with the others to vote guilty the jury foreman says to the judge that they cannot make up their minds.

A 2002 juror survey showed that viewers of the popular court show Judge Judy were greatly misinformed about the purpose of the judge within a courtroom.

The trial judge decided that the administrative procedures of the Act were fully complied with and refused to require the production of such documents.

The judge listened quietly as the young woman poured out her frustrations -- then discussing with her the possibility of seeking aid from Family Service before going to a lawyer.

Compare this statement of a nineteenth-century judge with how Congressman Martin, according to the Daily Labor Report of Sept. 19, 1961, defends the necessity of enacting anti-trust legislation in the field of labor `` if we wish to prevent monopolistic fixing of wages, production or prices and if we wish to preserve the freedom of the employer and his employees to contract on wages, hours and conditions of employment ''.

There his vote, along with those of Chairman Howard Smith, the courtly Virginia judge, and the four Republican members, could and often did produce a 6-6 deadlock that blocked far-out, Democratic-sponsored welfare legislation ( a tactic often acceptable to the Rayburn-Johnson congressional leadership to avoid embarrassing votes ).

They ignored the ladder down to the planet surface and, with only a glance at the seismological gauge to judge surface resistance, dropped to the ground.

Progressive measures taken during his kingship include: representatives of the commons, besides the nobility and clergy, were involved in governance ; the end of preventive arrests such that henceforward all arrests had to be first presented to a judge to determine the detention measure ; and fiscal innovation, such as negotiating extraordinary taxes with the mercantile classes and direct taxation of the Church, rather than debasement of the coinage.

Other major ideas in the book of Amos include: social justice and concern for the disadvantaged ; the idea that Israel's covenant with God did not exempt them from accountability for sin ; God is God of all nations ; God is judge of all nations ; God is God of moral righteousness ; God made all people ; God elected Israel and then liberated Israel so that He would be known throughout the world ; election by God means that those elected are responsible to live according to the purposes clearly outlined to them in the covenant ; if God destroys the unjust, a remnant will remain ; and God is free to judge whether to redeem Israel.

6: 28 ) His conduct, along with that of his brother, as a judge in Beer-sheba, to which office his father had appointed him, led to popular discontent, and ultimately provoked the people to demand a monarchy

Under the Alford plea, the defendant admits that sufficient evidence exists with which the prosecution could likely convince a judge or jury to find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Others hold that an Alford plea is simply one form of a guilty plea, and, as with other guilty pleas, the judge must see there is some factual basis for the plea.

" In the 1999 South Carolina Supreme Court case State v. Gaines, the Court held that Alford guilty pleas were to be held valid in the absence of a specific on-the-record ruling that the pleas were voluntary – provided that the sentencing judge acted appropriately in accordance with the rules for acceptance of a plea made voluntarily by the defendant.

The hearings were initially completed, with Thomas's good character being presented as a primary qualification for the high court because he had only been a judge for slightly more than one year.

The book concludes with two appendices (), stories which do not feature a specific judge:

Scholars agree that the Deuteronomists ' hand can be seen in Judges through the book's cyclical nature: the Israelites fall into idolatry, God punishes them for their sins with oppression by foreign peoples, the Israelites cry out to God for help, and God sends a judge to deliver them from the foreign oppression.

Samuel answers the description of the " prophet like Moses " predicted in Deuteronomy 18: 15-22: like Moses, he has direct contact with Yahweh, the God of the Israelites, acts as a judge, and is a perfect leader who never makes mistakes.

This interpretation is supported with the argument that there is nowhere else in the book where Job express a wish for bodily resurrection, only for someone to intervene as an " umpire ", a " vindicator ", a " go ' el ", on his behalf as an impartial judge between himself and God in the present.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

Babbage, Herschel, and Peacock were also close friends with future judge and patron of science Edward Ryan.

This system later gradually developed into a system with a royal judge nominating a number of the most esteemed men of the parish as his board, fulfilling the function of " the people " of yore.

Cardinals have in canon law a " privilege of forum " ( i. e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank ): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction ( cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to infringement of ecclesiastical laws and whatever contains an element of sin, where culpability must be determined and the appropriate ecclesiastical penalty imposed ).

The judge will make use of warnings in most situations that may lead to a person being charged with contempt.

Direct contempt is an unacceptable act in the presence of the judge ( in facie curiae ), and generally begins with a warning, and may be accompanied by an immediate imposition of punishment.