No cow thief could count on a jury of his sympathetic peers to free him any longer.

Just as I know I would make a bad soldier even though I cannot sincerely call myself a pacifist, so too I would not be either a hangman by profession or, if I could avoid it, even a member of a hanging jury.

The British defending lawyers, who today increased from three to four, demanded to know if they could make the information involved seem of little value to a jury, the chances of their clients would improve.

For particularly important public suits the jury could be increased by adding in extra allotments of 500.

Under this anything passed by the assembly or even proposed but not yet voted on, could be put on hold for review before a jury — which might annul it and perhaps punish the proposer as well.

Under the Alford plea, the defendant admits that sufficient evidence exists with which the prosecution could likely convince a judge or jury to find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

During grand jury testimony in December 2003 – which was illegally leaked to the San Francisco Chronicle and published in December 2004 – Giambi allegedly admitted to using many different steroids, including fertility drugs ( which could account for his declining health in the past few years ).

* Civil Rights Act of 1991, providing the right to trial by jury on discrimination claims and introducing the possibility of emotional distress damages, while limiting the amount that a jury could award.

Any citizen could bring a matter before a grand jury directly, from a public work that needed repair, to the delinquent conduct of a public official, to a complaint of a crime, and grand juries could conduct their own investigations.

A layman could bring a bill of indictment to the grand jury ; if the grand jury found there was sufficient evidence for a trial, that the act was a crime under law, and that the court had jurisdiction, it would return the indictment to the complainant.

Originally, the House of Lords held that impeachment could only apply to members of the peerage ( nobles ), as the nobility ( the Lords ) would try their own peers, while commoners ought to try their peers ( other commoners ) in a jury.

The defendant could freely choose whether to have a jury or trial by judges, and the decisions of the jury were non-binding.

In civil cases a special verdict can be given, but in criminal cases a general verdict is rendered, because requiring a special verdict could apply pressure to the jury, and because of the jury's historic function of tempering rules of law by common sense brought to bear upon the facts of a specific case.

Two witnesses who had originally testified in her grand jury indictment had died by the time she was found and brought to trial: a plumber who had sold materials used in the bomb had picked Soliah out of a lineup as one of the buyers, and a bomb expert had stated the explosive could have been built in Soliah's apartment.

Immediately after entering the plea, however, Olson told reporters that she was innocent and that she had decided to take a plea bargain due to the climate after the September 11 attacks, in which she felt an accused bomber could not receive a fair trial from a jury.

The jury acquitted Barger on the RICO charges with a hung jury on the predicate acts: " There was no proof it was part of club policy, and as much as they tried, the government could not come up with any incriminating minutes from any of our meetings mentioning drugs and guns.

Nevertheless, having found the statute to be constitutional, the court set aside the conviction on appeal because of a legal technicality: the jury should have decided the fine, not the judge, since under the state constitution, Tennessee judges could not at that time set fines above $ 50, and the Butler Act specified a minimum fine of $ 100.

As common law provided, the judge could set aside ( or nullify ) a jury verdict when the judge decided that the verdict was contrary to the evidence or the law.

Under the terms of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, when suspected fugitives were seized and brought to a special magistrate known as a commissioner, they had no right to a jury trial and could not testify in their own behalf.

Many ships had only jury masts and it took a full day for the convoy to reach the mouth of the bay, finally sailing into open water on 15 August.

Under Texas law, the death penalty can only be issued if the jury is convinced that the defendant is not only guilty, but will commit further violent crimes in the future if he is not put to death.

Like a grand jury, FISC is not an adversarial court: the federal government is the only party to its proceedings.

In many common law jurisdictions ( e. g. the Republic of Ireland, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand ), an indictable offence is an offence which can only be tried on an indictment after a preliminary hearing to determine whether there is a prima facie case to answer or by a grand jury ( in contrast to a summary offence ).

Forty-eight states ( Texas and West Virginia are the exceptions ) have a model set of instructions, usually called " pattern jury instructions ", which provide the framework for the charge to the jury ; sometimes, only names and circumstances have to be filled in for a particular case.

Other common law legal jurisdictions use jury trials only in a very select class of cases that make up a tiny share of the overall civil docket ( e. g. defamation suits in England and Wales ), while true civil jury trials are almost entirely absent elsewhere in the world.

The Magna Carta being forgotten after a succession of benevolent reigns ( or, more probably, reigns limited by the jury and the barons, and only under the rule of laws that the juries and barons found acceptable ), the kings, through the royal judges, began to extend their control over the jury and the kingdom.

Typically, the jury only judges guilt or a verdict of not guilty, but the actual penalty is set by the judge.

An interesting innovation was introduced in Russia in the judicial reform of Alexander II: unlike in modern jury trials, jurors decided not only whether the defendant was guilty or not guilty, but they had the third choice: " Guilty, but not to be punished ", since Alexander II believed that justice without morality is wrong.

In Brazil, for example, trials by jury are applied in cases of voluntary crimes against life, such as First and Second-degree murders, forced abortion and instigation of suicide, even if only attempted.

In others, such as the United Kingdom, jury trials are only available for criminal cases and very specific civil cases ( defamation, malicious prosecution, civil fraud and false imprisonment ).

In France one can only have a jury trial when prosecuted for a crime, that is an offence for which one is liable to at least 15 years imprisonment ( for natural persons ) or a fine of 75000 € ( for juristic persons ).

The only court that tries by jury is the cour d ' assises.

As of 2008, only the code of criminal procedure of the Canton of Geneva provides for genuine jury trials.

Most states ' constitutions also grant the right of trial by jury in lesser criminal matters, though most have abrogated that right in offenses punishable by fine only.

In the cases Apprendi v. New Jersey,, and Blakely v. Washington,, the Supreme Court of the United States held that a criminal defendant has a right to a jury trial not only on the question of guilt or innocence, but any fact used to increase the defendant's sentence beyond the maximum otherwise allowed by statutes or sentencing guidelines.

Most of these limit the right to a jury to try issues regarding grounds or entitlement for divorce only.

Per Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 23 ( a ), only if the prosecution and the court consent may a defendant waive a jury trial.

Her cynicism grew when one of the two pictures she submitted in 1875 was refused by the jury, only to be accepted the following year after she darkened the background.

The opinions by a jury or judge are often changed during cross examination if doubt is cast on the witness.

When Ordeal was abolished, English Judges who went on circuit, cast about for a new mode of trial and naturally turned to the already established process of trial by jury.

Sandra was voted the Sole Survivor on a vote of 6-1 ; Tijuana cast the lone vote for Lillian, later explaining that she was swayed by Sandra's declaration that Lillian was responsible for voting out everyone on the final jury, which indicated to her that Lillian played effectively.

A member of the jury, Amber cast her vote for Colby, who failed to win the million dollars, losing to Tina Wesson.

On Day 39, Boneham cast his jury vote for Sandra Diaz-Twine who won the season.

A South Carolina appeals court upheld a $ 24, 000 jury verdict against Peck for slander ( the jury had stricken the outrageous conduct count, which is substantially the same as a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress ), on the theory that when Peck cast an aspersion upon Wardlaw's chastity, his public remarks were slanderous per se.

A grand jury later determined that Adlai Stevenson had unwittingly benefited from some 100, 000 illegal ballots that had been cast in Chicago in the 1982 gubernatorial election.

She became the second member of the jury and cast her vote for Kelly Wiglesworth to win the game at the final tribal council ( though Wigglesworth ultimately lost to Richard Hatch by a jury vote of 4-3 ).

The jury cast also went through radical changes ; Dieter Bohlen remained the only original member, and was eventually joined by music producer Sylvia Kollek and former manager Heinz Henn.

While on the jury, Rafe cast the sole vote for Stephenie.