Justice Stevens wrote the majority opinion answering the question of whether the application of the Guidelines in these two cases violated the Sixth Amendment as articulated in the Apprendi line of cases.

Finally, in the famous case of MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co., in 1916, Judge Benjamin Cardozo for New York's highest court pulled a broader principle out of these predecessor cases.

Many legal scholars believe that a number of legal cases, in particular Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, established that the use of content-control software in libraries is a violation of the First Amendment.

Solicitors must be careful when looking at older cases when quantifying a claim to ensure that the award is brought up to date and to take into account the court of appeal case in Heil v Rankin Generally speaking the greater the injury the greater the damages awarded.

In current US legal practice, in rem suits are primarily asset forfeiture cases, based on drug laws, as in USA v. $ 124, 700 ( 2006 ).

The decisions of the Supreme Court in cases such as Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Committee v. U. S. Atomic Energy Commission ( broadly reading the procedural requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act ), Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill ( broadly reading the Endangered Species Act ), and, much more recently, Massachusetts v. EPA ( requiring EPA to reconsider regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act ) have had policy impacts far beyond the facts of the particular case.

Of approximately 500 prisoners in Guantanamo Bay, only 10 have been tried by the Guantanamo military commission, but all cases have been stayed pending the adjustments being made to comply with the U. S. Supreme Court decision in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld.

The United States Supreme Court ( in Penry v. Lynaugh ) and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ( in Bigby v. Dretke ) have been clear in their decisions that jury instructions in death penalty cases that do not ask about mitigating factors regarding the defendant's mental health violate the defendant's Eighth Amendment rights, saying that the jury is to be instructed to consider mitigating factors when answering unrelated questions.

This matter has been the subject of a number of cases before the Supreme Court, most notably Kansas v. Hendricks and United States v. Comstock in regard to the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act, which does not require a conviction on sex offences, but only that the person be in federal custody and be deemed a " sexually dangerous person ".

Jury trial is rare for civil cases, such as in Albert Cheng v Paul Tse.

In cases such as Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 14 U. S. ( 1 Wheat.

Starting in the 1890s with such cases as Addyston Pipe and Steel Company v. United States, the courts attacked large companies for strategizing with others or within their own companies to maximize profits.

" Still, the House of Lords has remained reluctant to overrule itself in some cases ; in R v Kansal ( 2002 ), the majority of House members adopted the opinion that R v Lambert had been wrongly decided and agreed to depart from their earlier decision.

In the United States, following a series of landmark cases in the Supreme Court of the United States, persons diagnosed with paraphilias and a history of anti-social behavior, particularly pedophilia ( Kansas v. Hendricks, 1997 ) and exhibitionism ( Kansas v. Crane, 2002 ), can be held indefinitely in civil confinement under various state legislation generically known as Sexually violent predator laws and the federal Adam Walsh Act ( United States v. Comstock, 2010 ).

When Richard Nixon tried to use executive privilege as a reason for not turning over subpoenaed evidence to Congress during the Watergate scandal, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Nixon,, that executive privilege did not apply in cases where a president was attempting to avoid criminal prosecution.

Since 2001, the government has asserted the privilege in more cases and at earlier stages of the litigation, thus in some instances causing dismissal of the suits before reaching the merits of the claims, as in the Ninth Circuit's ruling in Mohamed v. Jeppesen Dataplan.

As demonstrated in cases such as Winterbottom v. Wright, the scope of the duty of care was limited to those with whom one was in privity.

Johnson unwired the right hand door, whose window was, like the left one, merely loosely-taped fragments of glass, and Johnson wadded himself into a narrow seat made still more narrow by three cases of beer.

In the caves, with other supplies, they had kept cases of sake.

Telephones, Teletypes, several kinds of radio systems and, in some cases, television, link all vital points.

Even though in most cases the completion of the definitive editions of their writings is still years off, enough documentation has already been assembled to warrant drawing a new composite profile of the leadership which performed the heroic dual feats of winning American independence and founding a new nation.

He has frequently refused to move from white lunch counters, refused to obey local laws which he considers unjust, while in other cases he has appealed to federal laws.

Circumstances alter cases.

Today the private detective will also investigate insurance claims or handle divorce cases, but his primary function remains what it has always been, to assist those who have money in their unending struggle with those who have not.

In both cases the individual tends to be treated as an instrument of the organic reality.

but both groups were so closely knit that despite individual differences the family life in both cases was remarkably similar in atmosphere if not entirely in content -- the one being definitely Jewish and the other vaguely Christian.

Since the recognition of Israel as a nation state, claims are made in many cases which identify the claimant as a member of the new body politic.

We may also recognize cases in which the poets have influenced the philosophers and even indirectly the scientists.

Each will decide on his own course somewhere between these two extreme cases according to the sense of responsibility which is determined for him by the particular circumstances of his own life.

She had to clean the glass on the display cases in the butcher shop, help her brother scrub the cutting tables with wire brushes, mop the floors, put down new sawdust on the floors and help check the outgoing orders.

Almost inevitably, the first result of this technological revolution was a reaction against the methods and in many cases the conclusions of the Oxford school of Stubbs, Freeman and ( particularly ) Green regarding the nature of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain.

Yet even in the more extreme of such cases we seldom go very far astray in guessing what his age actually is.

Problems have arisen in this sensitive field but have been handled in most cases with understanding and restraint.

There is one other point we should never lose sight of: Many veterans who enter VA hospitals as non-service cases later qualify as service-connected.

The measure was instantly taken, as always in such cases, of public men at many levels.

The doctor opened the smallest of his cases, an unimposing straw bag, and exposed the contents for Alex's inspection.

Even in these cases we should promote self-help by making it clear that our supporting assistance is subject to reduction and ultimately to termination.

In several significant cases, such as India, a decade of concentrated effort can launch these countries into a stage in which they can carry forward their own economic and social progress with little or no government-to-government assistance.

These cases in which light is already visible at the other end of the tunnel are ones which over the next few years will absorb the bulk of our capital assistance.

In two cases, airplanes only were indicated.

Sacrifice will have to be made in some cases, but it is to the municipality's advantage to finance the change-over for a short period of time rather than pay interest on tax anticipation notes indefinitely.

Fortunately, such cases in Rhode Island are more the exception than the rule.