In a symmetric key algorithm ( e. g., DES and AES ), the sender and receiver must have a shared key set up in advance and kept secret from all other parties ; the sender uses this key for encryption, and the receiver uses the same key for decryption.

The battle itself has long been regarded as a key moment in the Saxon advance, since in reaching the Bristol Channel, the West Saxons divided the Britons west of the Severn from land communication with those in the peninsula to the south of the Channel.

Symmetric-key ciphers are suitable for bulk encryption using shared keys, and public-key encryption using digital certificates can provide a practical solution for the problem of securely communicating when no key is shared in advance.

Templars were often the advance force in key battles of the Crusades, as the heavily armoured knights on their warhorses would set out to charge at the enemy, in an attempt to break opposition lines.

# find out which of those pointers points to the item with the lowest key ; advance one of those pointers to the next item in its list

Henry Maine in his analysis of the historical changes and development of human societies noted the key distinction between traditional societies defined as " status " societies based on the legal position of the Individual in regards to the rest of society, family association and functionally diffuse roles for individuals ; and modern " progressive " societies defined as " contract " societies where social relations are determined by contracts pursued by individuals to advance their interests.

During the airborne phase of the Normandy invasion on the night of 5 – 6 June 1944, British 6th Airborne Division captured all its key objectives in advance of the seaborne assault, including the capture and holding at all costs of a vital bridge over the Caen Canal, near Ouistreham.

To use a symmetric encryption scheme, the sender and receiver must securely share a key in advance.

A white paper produced by the Royal Air Force for the British government in 1961 claimed that the RAF's nuclear force was capable of destroying key Soviet cities such as Moscow and Kiev before bomber aircraft from the United States ' Strategic Air Command had entered Soviet airspace, " taking into account Bomber Command ’ s ability to be on target in the first wave several hours in advance of the main SAC force operating from bases in the United States .".

However, his advance had slowed to a crawl by late July, due to logistical difficulties, exacerbated by the American destruction of a key road, and the army's supplies began to dwindle.

The key to the German advance were Rollbahns in the north that would take them directly to Antwerp.

They never captured the key town of Bastogne and were forced to bypass it, and although they got within a few miles of the Meuse River, their advance was stopped by the 8th and 104th Infantry Divisions, and the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions.

In applications such as in radix sort, a bound on the maximum key value will be known in advance, and can be assumed to be part of the input to the algorithm.

Nonetheless, Geoffrey and Matilda took the opportunity to march into southern Normandy and seize a number of key castles ; there they stopped, unable to advance further.

The key advance we are concerned about here is the manipulation that converts the analogue scan data to a replica of the perforation master.

VVAF ’ s Nuclear Threat Reduction Campaign ( NTRC ) educates and mobilizes key constituencies to advance US public policy on a bipartisan basis that reduces the threats posed by nuclear, biological and chemical weapons.

The key events during his reign were the contest with the Ottoman Empire, whose great advance into Central Europe began in the 1520s, and the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in several wars of religion.

Rupert joined the King in the advance on London, playing a key role in the resulting Battle of Edgehill in October.

Once the Prussians arrived in the late afternoon, attacking the French right flank in ever increasing numbers, Napoleon ’ s key strategy of keeping the Seventh Coalition armies divided had failed and his army was driven from the field in confusion, by a combined coalition general advance.

Paratroopers were dropped in the Netherlands to secure key bridges and towns along the Allied axis of advance.

Newcastle made a poor start in the Premier League, but in European competition, Milner played a key role in helping Newcastle advance through the group stage of the UEFA Cup.

The foundation highlights social entrepreneurship as a key element to advance societies and address social problems.

When he was bent over behind the wheel of the station wagon, feeling in his trouser cuffs for the ignition key which he had dropped a moment before, she came out of the house with an enormous Rumanian shawl over her head, which she had bought in that country during one of their trips abroad, and handed him a clean handkerchief through the window.

In implementing its strategy to regain political dominance over post-Soviet countries by taking over their economic infrastructure, the Russian state, since 2000, has acquired several key assets in the energy sector and Soviet-era industrial plants.

By this time Colangelo and the other partners were embroiled in a dispute over the financial health and direction of the Diamondbacks ( and notably including over $ 150 million in deferred compensation to many players who were key members of the 2001 World Series winning team and others ).

The key advantage of self-propelled over towed artillery is that it can be brought into action much faster.

In October 1999 the California State Attorney General sued 13 key manufacturers and distributors over lead content.

Also, behavior is a value that changes over time ( one of the key concepts in functional reactive programming ).

San Martín considered the liberation of Chile a strategic stepping-stone to the emancipation of Peru, which he saw as the key to hemispheric victory over the Spanish.

In fact, this very story, along with some hints from " The Shadow over Innsmouth ", provides the key to the origin of the ' Derleth Mythos '.

However, members were divided over key issues, only 25 had previous parliamentary experience, and although many had some legal training, there were no qualified lawyers.

It is also possible to bring class actions under state law, and in some cases the court may extend its jurisdiction to all the members of the class, including out of state ( or even internationally ) as the key element is the jurisdiction that the court has over the defendant.

The Diffie – Hellman key exchange method allows two parties that have no prior knowledge of each other to jointly establish a shared secret key over an insecure communications channel.

In 1999, President Hassan Gouled Aptidon's chief of staff, head of security, and key adviser for over 20 years, Ismail Omar Guelleh was elected to the Presidency as the RPP candidate.

As with other wavelet transforms, a key advantage it has over Fourier transforms is temporal resolution: it captures both frequency and location information ( location in time ).

The size and placement of tone holes, the key mechanism, and the fingering system used to produce the notes in the flute's range were evolved from 1832 to 1847 by Theobald Boehm, and greatly improved the instrument's dynamic range and intonation over those of its predecessors.

These were the key discoveries that made all non-live or non live-on-videotape narrative motion pictures and television possible — that shots ( in this case whole scenes since each shot is a complete scene ) can be photographed at widely different locations over a period of time ( hours, days or even months ) and combined into a narrative whole.

If a previous fresco was being painted over, the surface would be roughened to give a key.

Education is a key element in explaining economic growth over time ( see growth accounting ).

Although unsuccessful, the discussions between the two were instrumental in Boccaccio writing the Genealogia deorum gentilium ; the first edition was completed in 1360 and this would remain one of the key reference works on classical mythology for over 400 years.

Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.

The Prose Edda details that Hel rules over vast mansions, her servants in her underworld realm, and as playing a key role in the attempted resurrection of the god Baldr.

The Afghan nation was able to build democratic structures over the years, and some progress was made in key areas such as governance, economy, health, education, transport, and agriculture.