The first kibbutz, Degania, was founded by Russian socialists in 1909.

During the beginning of the war he was the commander of the Harel Brigade, which fought on the road to Jerusalem from the coastal plain, including the Israeli " Burma Road ", as well as many battles in Jerusalem, such as securing the southern side of the city by recapturing kibbutz Ramat Rachel.

In 1941 he was elected Secretary of Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed, a Labor Zionist youth movement, and in 1944 returned to Alumot, where he worked as a dairy farmer, shepherd and kibbutz secretary.

He was the second child to be born on the kibbutz.

He was named Moshe after Moshe Barsky, the first member of the kibbutz to be killed in an Arab attack.

The element of forced or state-sponsored collectivization that was present in many countries during the 20th century led to the impression that collective farms operate under the supervision of the state, but this is not universally true, as shown by the counter-example of the Israeli kibbutz.

Remembering her youth on a kibbutz on the shores of the Kinneret, one woman said: " Oh, how beautiful it was when we all took part in the discussions, were nights of searching for one another — that is what I call those hallowed nights.

The first religious kibbutz was Ein Tzurim, founded in 1946.

This question was answered by regarding the children as belonging to all, even to the point of kibbutz mothers breastfeeding babies who were not their own.

Aversion to sex was not part of the kibbutz ideology ; to this end, teenagers were not segregated at night in Children's Societies, yet many visitors to kibbutzim were astonished at how conservative the communities tended to be.

It is a subject of debate within the kibbutz movement as to how successful kibbutz education was in developing the talents of gifted children.

Hiring seasonal workers was always a point of controversy in the kibbutz movement.

The founders of the kibbutz movement wanted to redeem the Jewish nation through manual labour, and hiring non-Jews to do hard tasks was not consistent with that idea.

Following many changes which the kibbutzim over went through the years and following the appeal made to Israeli High Court of Justice by the Mizrahi Democratic Rainbow Coalition in 2001 in which the state was required to redefine the exact definition of a kibbutz in order to define the rightful benefits which the kibbutzim members should be granted by law.

The first classification was named ' communal kibbutz ' which was identical to the traditional definition of a kibbutz.

The second classification, was called the ' renewing kibbutz ', which included developments and changes in lifestyle, provided that the basic principles of mutual guarantee and equality are preserved.

: The kibbutz was an original social creation, yet always a marginal phenomenon.

Shahak was liberated from the camp in 1945, and shortly thereafter emigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine, where he wanted to join a kibbutz, but was turned down as " too weedy ".

Although he was a Catholic, Tortelier was inspired by the ideals of the founders of the newly formed state of Israel in 1948, and in the years 1955 – 1956 spent some time living with his wife and two children in the kibbutz Maabarot, near Netanya.

There are several anthroposophical organisations in Israel, including the anthroposophical kibbutz Harduf, founded by Jesaiah Ben-Aharon.

So too does the Kfar Masryk kibbutz near Haifa, Israel, founded largely by Czechoslovak immigrants.

The community was founded in the 1930s by Hashomer Hatzair members from Poland and initially organized themselves in a kibbutz called Mitzpe Yam close to Netanya, which was founded in 1936.

The oldest kibbutz in the Arava is Yotvata, founded in 1957, and named for an ancient town in the area mentioned once in the Bible.

Beit Shemesh also has an urban kibbutz affiliated with the Kibbutz Movement, Tamuz, founded in 1987.

Kfar Etzion was a kibbutz founded in 1943, about 2 km east of the road between Jerusalem and Hebron.

Against the backdrop of an impending struggle for Israeli independence, the secular Hashomer Hatzair movement founded a fourth kibbutz, Revadim.

The kibbutz was founded in 1922 by Hashomer Hatzair alpha pioneers.

The socialist ideal extends to the kibbutz, some of which were founded by Habonim Dror members.

He died in 1981, in the kibbutz he had founded.

The kibbutz was founded on 8 September 1953 by immigrants from Argentina.

The kibbutz was originally founded in 1935 as Plugat HaYam (, lit.

Yad Mordechai is a small kibbutz in southern Israel, founded in the 1930s and renamed in 1943 after Mordechaj Anielewicz, the leader of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

The kibbutz was founded in 1949 on the coastal highway between Acre and Nahariya, on the site of the former Arab village of Al-Sumayriyya.

The kibbutz was founded in January 1949 by a gar ' in of North American Hashomer Hatzair members on the site of the Arab village of Sa ' sa ', which was demolished by the Israeli Seventh Brigade and Oded Brigade on October 30, 1948.

In 1949 a new kibbutz was founded on the site of the village by displaced members of kibbutz Beit HaArava and young refugees from the Youth Aliyah.

In August 1949, a group of former Palmach soldiers founded a kibbutz, Netiv HaLamed He (, path of the 35 ) near the convoy's route.

Another faction of the Left Poale Zion aligned with the kibbutz movement Hashomer Hatzair, founded in Europe in 1919, would eventually become the Mapam party.

The kibbutz was founded in 1949 by two groups: 120 immigrants from the first immigrants ' gar ' in of the Habonim Labor Zionist youth movement in North America, and half of the former members of kibbutz Beit HaArava, evacuated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

On August 20, 1948, the Jewish National Fund called for building a settlement on some of the village lands, and on January 6, 1949, Yas ' ur, a kibbutz, was established.

The kibbutz was established on 8 December 1949, and like Mashabey Sadeh, was named for Palmach commander Yitzhak Sadeh.

The village was founded in 1949 on the original site of kibbutz Nitzanim, which had moved to a new site four kilometres south following its recapture from the Egyptian army by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War ( See also: Battle of Nitzanim ).