A system relying on security through obscurity may have theoretical or actual security vulnerabilities, but its owners or designers believe that if the flaws are not known, then attackers will be unlikely to find them.

A system may use security through obscurity as a defense in depth measure ; while all known security vulnerabilities would be mitigated through other measures, public disclosure of products and versions in use makes them early targets for newly discovered vulnerabilities in those products and versions.

A variant of the basic approach is to rely on the properties ( including whatever vulnerabilities might be present ) of a product which is not widely adopted, thus lowering the prominence of those vulnerabilities ( should they become known ) against random or even automated attacks.

The issue is further confused by the fact that new vulnerabilities in minority products cause all known users of that ( perhaps easily identified ) product to become targets.

Malicious software may attempt to exploit known vulnerabilities in a system – which may or may not be bugs.

The attacker uses these vulnerabilities to replace a device's firmware with a modified, corrupt, or defective firmware image — a process which when done legitimately is known as flashing.

Additionally, the Morris worm worked by exploiting known vulnerabilities in Unix sendmail, finger, and rsh / rexec, as well as weak passwords.

Some security web sites maintain lists of currently known unpatched vulnerabilities found in common programs ( see " External links " below ).

* Lists of advisories by product Lists of known unpatched vulnerabilities from Secunia

Later anonymous remailer designs, such as the Cypherpunk and Mixmaster designs, adopted more sophisticated techniques to try and overcome these vulnerabilities, including the use of encryption to prevent eavesdropping, and also the technique known as onion routing to allow the existence of pseudonymous remailers in which no record of a user's real e-mail address is stored by the remailer.

To protect themselves against electronic identity theft by phishing, hacking or malware, individuals are well advised to maintain computer security, for example by keeping their operating systems and web browser security fully patched against known security vulnerabilities, running antivirus software and being cautious in their use of IT.

Because Firefox generally has fewer publicly known unpatched security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer ( see Comparison of web browsers ), improved security is often cited as a reason to switch from Internet Explorer to Firefox.

The Washington Post reports that exploit code for known critical unpatched security vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer was available for 284 days in 2006.

In comparison, exploit code for known, critical security vulnerabilities in Firefox was available for 9 days before Mozilla issued a patch to remedy the problem.

As of February 11, 2011, Firefox 3. 6 had no known unpatched security vulnerabilities according to Secunia.

Cross-site scripting uses known vulnerabilities in web-based applications, their servers, or plug-in systems they rely on.

While reliant on the DNS infrastructure, which has known vulnerabilities, this authentication is strong enough that it can be used for whitelisting purposes because spammers and phishers cannot usually bypass this verification when they use zombie computers to forge the domains.

Automated code reviewing software lessens the task of reviewing large chunks of code on the developer by systematically checking source code for known vulnerabilities.

Nessus provides additional functionality beyond testing for known network vulnerabilities.

Although whitelisting is effective against zero-day attacks, an application " known " to be good can in fact have vulnerabilities that were missed in testing.

Such methods identify and exploit known vulnerabilities, and attempt to evade security to gain entry into secured areas.

It may be used to evaluate risk management priorities for mitigating known threat vulnerabilities.

Unsubstantiated reports of cannibalism disproportionately relate cases of cannibalism among cultures that are already otherwise despised, feared, or are little known.

At the reception, Charles finds himself seated at a table with several ex-girlfriends who relate embarrassing stories about his inability to be discreet, and afterwards bumps into Henrietta ( known among Charles ' friends as " Duckface "), with whom he had a difficult relationship.

The event, known as Spam Jam, is a carnival-type celebration that coincides with local Fourth of July festivities, featuring parades and fireworks that often relate to the popular luncheon meat.

He was not known as " The Lion " during his own lifetime, and the title did not relate to his tenacious character or his military prowess.

:... the American Government deems it to be its duty to notify both the Imperial Japanese Government and the Government of the Chinese Republic that it cannot admit the legality of any situation de facto nor does it intend to recognize any treaty or agreement entered into between those Governments, or agents thereof, which may impair the treaty rights of the United States or its citizens in China, including those that relate to the sovereignty, the independence, or the territorial and administrative integrity of the Republic of China, or to the international policy relative to China, commonly known as the open door policy ...

During the latter part of this period, historical legends relate that the mighty king of Monyul invaded a southern region known as the Duars, subduing the regions of modern Assam, West Bengal, and Bihar in India.

Monothelitism or Monotheletism ( from Greek μονοθελητισμός " doctrine of one will ") is a particular teaching about how the divine and human relate in the person of Jesus, known as a Christological doctrine, that formally emerged in Armenia and Syria in 629.

Several linguistic problems arise in the attempt to relate Sumerian with known language families.

Dozens of U. S. Coast Guard personnel were involved in its construction and operation, but were mostly forbidden from leaving the small base or having contact with the Gilbertese colonists then on the island and found no artifacts known to relate to Earhart.

Little is known of this spirit, other than that it changes from an orca to a wolf when hungry, not many myths relate to it.

It was not known at that time to which territories paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 would relate.

It is generally believed to relate to the traditional student song, De Brevitate Vitae ( On the Shortness of Life ), which is commonly known as the Gaudeamus by virtue of its first line.

Other known problems with the flying wing design relate to pitch and yaw.

Bohm Dialogue ( also known as Bohmian Dialogue or " Dialogue in the Spirit of David Bohm ") is a freely-flowing group conversation that makes an attempt, utilizing a theoretical understanding of the way thoughts relate to universal reality, to more effectively investigate the crises that face society, and indeed the whole of human nature and consciousness.

In order to relate the signal ( the thermoluminescence — light produced when the material is heated ) to the radiation dose that caused it, it is necessary to calibrate the material with known doses of radiation since the density of traps is highly variable.

This value does not relate to price in a simple manner, and the difficulty of the conversion of the mass of values into the actual prices is known as the transformation problem.

Even though he led a double life as part of a secret government organization known as the Initiative, Buffy found some normalcy in Riley as a regular college guy and someone to whom she could relate.

The controversial parts relate to double counting of R2 ( and similar swaras ) and his exclusive selection of madyamas for which there is no specific reasoning ( also known as asampurna melas as opposed to sampurna ragas ).

: I shall relate how the new settlement was, during many troubled years, successfully defended against foreign and domestic enemies ; how, under that settlement, the authority of law and the security of property were found to be compatible with a liberty of discussion and of individual action never before known ; how, from the auspicious union of order and freedom, sprang a prosperity of which the annals of human affairs had furnished no example ; how our country, from a state of ignominious vassalage, rapidly rose to the place of umpire among European powers ; how her opulence and her martial glory grew together ; how, by wise and resolute good faith, was gradually established a public credit fruitful of marvels which to the statesmen of any former age would have seemed incredible ; how a gigantic commerce gave birth to a maritime power, compared with which every other maritime power, ancient or modern, sinks into insignificance ; how Scotland, after ages of enmity, was at length united to England, not merely by legal bonds, but by indissoluble ties of interest and affection ; how, in America, the British colonies rapidly became far mightier and wealthier than the realms which Cortes and Pizarro had added to the dominions of Charles the Fifth ; how in Asia, British adventurers founded an empire not less splendid and more durable than that of Alexander.

The author went on to relate an incident in which he once heard “ a well known strain of music ,” finding to his surprise that it was being sung by Black men rowing canoes.

* Making it easier to relate to the Experience Economy of actual quality of life decisions made by human beings based on assumptions about service, and integrating economics better with marketing theory about brand value e. g. products are purchased for their assumed reliability in some known process.

Michael Parkinson always sought guests who, besides being well known, had some sort of story to relate.

Bearsden was first known as Kirktoun ( e ) or New / Easter Kilpatrick village, all of which relate to the parish church situated in the centre of the town.

According to Sandqvist, there are three competing aspects in Janco's legacy, which relate to the complexity of his profile: " In Western cultural history Marcel Janco is best known as one of the founding members of Dada in Zurich in 1916.