Sedevacantism ( derived from the Latin words sedes " seat " und vacans " vacant ")") is the position, held by a minority of Traditionalist Catholics, that the present occupant of the papal see is not truly Pope and that, for lack of a valid Pope, the see has been vacant since the death of either Pope Pius XII in 1958 or Pope John XXIII in 1963.

* Anthony Cekada, an assistant pastor of sedevacantist bishop Daniel Dolan, in his book Work of Human Hands, says that the Mass of Paul VI is invalid and moreover strips down or removes completely every prayer in the Latin Rite which covers subjects such as judgment, heaven and hell, Satan, et al, and suggests that their full-scale removal, if such were to happen, would contribute to a lack of self-discipline and eventual loss of faith and skepticism among Catholics, responding to the post hoc ergo propter hoc accusation above.

Robert Emmet came from a wealthy Protestant family who sympathised with Irish Catholics, namely their lack of fair representation in Parliament.

The academy opened in 1892, but closed in 1894 from a lack of support by local Catholics.

" Although appreciating his efforts to make Dutch history known among an English-speaking audience, Van Vloten argues that Motley's lack of knowledge of the Dutch language prevented him from sharing the latest insights of the Dutch historiographers and made him vulnerable to bias in favor of Protestants and against Catholics.

The lack of a coherent institution narrative in the Anaphora of Addai and Mari, which dates to apostolic times, has caused many Western Christians, and especially Roman Catholics, to doubt the validity of this anaphora, used extensively by the Assyrian Church of the East, as a prayer of consecration of the eucharistic elements.

It would also seem that, by the beginning of the 20th century, the Eucharistic fast had been abandoned, along with Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament and the veneration of the saints: in his declaration of ecclesial independence of December 29, 1910 Arnold Harris Mathew wrote to the Old Catholics of Utrecht deploring the lack of these practices amongst Old Catholics on the European continent.

The Spirituali's lack of success stemmed from inadequate support by the Church hierarchy, and the movement was doomed when Cardinal Pole, who was the choice of Pope Paul III, lost the papal election in 1549-1550 by one vote, after which their position made them suspect to both Protestants and conservative Catholics, allowing them to be outmaneuvered and defeated.

Gaelic Poetry of the post-war era laments lack of unity among Irish Catholics in the Confederation and their constant infighting, which was blamed for their failure to resist Cromwell.

Our Lady of St Thomas was founded at the request of local Catholics who had been meeting at the Big Tree public house due to the lack of a suitable church in the area.

First, the State Department is unique among government agencies for its lack of public supporters.

Absorbing this heady atmosphere, Yahya and Abu Imran fell into conversation on the state of the faith in their western homelands, and Yahya expressed his disappointment on the lack of religious education and negligence of Islamic law among his southern Sanhaja people.

A complete lack of sexual reproduction is relatively rare among multicellular organisms, particularly animals.

Common among the mislabeled works are all of the reasons identified for misattributing Cuyp ’ s works: the lack of biography and chronology of his works made it difficult to discern when paintings were created ( making it difficult to pinpoint an artist ); contentious signatures added to historians ’ confusion as to who actually painted the works ; and the collaborations and influences by different painters makes it hard to justify that a painting is genuinely that of Aelbert Cuyp ; and finally, accurate identification is made extremely difficult by the fact that this same style was copied ( rather accurately ) by his predecessor.

However, it is the lack of eyes that has been at the centre of discussion of the Mexican cave tetras among creationists.

The castle theory fell from favour among Scottish archaeologists in the 1980s, due to a lack of supporting archaeological evidence.

Their dominance exposed a lack of balance among AAFC teams, which the league tried to correct by sending Browns players including quarterback Y. A.

These distinctions created divisions among workers and color proved a singularly powerful and enduring symbol of social and economic mobility, or lack thereof.

Various factors have so far stymied more diversification ( a small market of 1 million people, dependence on French imports, inability to capitalize on regional markets, lack of entrepreneurial zeal among the Gabonese, and the fairly regular stream of oil " rent ").

In the 1980s Guyana Airways Corporation's domestic operations started to deteriorate for a number of reasons, not least among them the unrealistically low fares it was required to charge and the lack of access to foreign exchange for imported aircraft parts and other requirements.

The Gloranthan world is characterised by its complex use of mythology, heavily influenced by the universalist approaches of Joseph Campbell and Mircea Eliade, its Howardian ethos, its long and distinctive history as a setting for role-playing games, its community development and expansion, and ( unusual among early American fantasy role-playing games ) its relative lack of Tolkienesque influence.

This was partly due to lack of public land to give in exchange for military service ; most of the land had already been divided among large landholders and speculators.

Denis Sinor suggests if Balamber existed, he may have been a chief of a small faction of Huns, since Vithimiris utilized Hun mercenaries against him, which suggests a lack of unity among the Huns.

In the years that followed, the Society survived disagreements among its members, while shortages of cash and lack of credit threatened its finances.

At the same time, Calvin was dismayed by the lack of unity among the reformers.

Some of the external arguments are " arguments from silence " that question the authenticity of the entire passage not for what it says, but due to lack of references to it among other ancient sources.

The term has since come to be used to criticize any group for its mistakes, particularly if the mistakes happened after a great deal of energy and activity, or if there was a lack of coordination among the members of the group.

Also, the typically multi-ethnic Byzantine force was always racked by dissension and lack of command unity, a similar situation also being encountered among the Sassanids who had been embroiled in a bitter civil war for a decade before the coming of the Arabs.

De Icaza specifically criticized a generally developer-focused culture, lack of backward compatibility and fragmentation among the various Linux distributions.

Author Simon Reeve, among others, writes that the shootout with the well-trained Black September members showed an egregious lack of preparation on the part of the German authorities.

They took Damietta and a few other places in Egypt, but lack of unity among the Christians and rivalry between their leaders and the papal legate Pelagius resulted in failure.

When the convention failed for lack of attendance due to suspicions among most of the other states, the Annapolis delegates called for a convention to offer revisions to the Articles, to be held the next spring in Philadelphia.

He also reported that the single most common password was password1, confirming yet again the general lack of informed care in choosing passwords among users.

But the pope's lack of interest in political or ecclesiastical affairs caused dismay among his contemporaries.

A lack of written record on the topic has created debate among historians and scholars.

It suffers from a lack of unity of purpose and respect for heroic leadership.

Yet none of this was due to a lack of leadership on Andronikos ' part and his reign could be said to end before the Byzantine Empire's position became untenable due to the ensuing civil war which consumed the empire's remaining resources on Andronikos's death.

The Soviet leadership believed, based on their perception of Kennedy's lack of confidence during the Bay of Pigs Invasion, that he would avoid confrontation and accept the missiles as a fait accompli.

The dramatic drop of the price of oil in 1985 and 1986, and consequent lack of foreign exchange reserves in following years to purchase grain profoundly influenced actions of the Soviet leadership.

But it has withdrawn its representative to the AU in protest of what they claim is the AU's lack of leadership in the implementation of the demarcation the border between Eritrea and Ethiopia.

Hadrian's military skill is not well attested due to a lack of military action during his reign ; however, his keen interest and knowledge of the army and his demonstrated skill of leadership show possible strategic talent.

The Pakistan Armed Forces have also taken over the Pakistani government several times since independence mainly on the pretext of lack of good civilian leadership, whom most Pakistanis regard as corrupt and inefficient.

The most critical of these was David Thomson's Scott's Men ( 1977 ); in Thomson's view, Scott was not a great man, " at least, not until near the end "; his planning is described as " haphazard " and " flawed ", his leadership characterised by lack of foresight.

Disappointed with the lack of interest from government in Mars exploration and after the success of his book The Case for Mars as well as leadership experience at the National Space Society, Zubrin established the Mars Society in 1998.

The resulting lack of leadership allowed the administration's opponents to prevent ratification of the League of Nations treaty.

Generally, there was a lack of strong leadership in the Congress and, unlike his predecessors Roosevelt and Wilson, Harding was not inclined to fill that void.

Keeley further explains how small raids are not organized due to the lack of leadership and any formal training.

As civil servants below the level of the political leadership are discouraged from making suggestions, they use to suffer from the lack of expertise which could be provided by the inferiors, which regularly leads to a breakdown of the system after an few decades.

This will address the problems caused by the lack of ownership and leadership identified by the OAG.

Due to lack of reliable documentation there is a great degree of debate over Waldo's role in the Waldensian sect, which may have existed before his leadership.

Unhappily, the situation was exacerbated by the almost total lack of leadership displayed by the Vietnamese Chief of State, Bảo Đại, who, while nominally the head of that nation, chose to spend the bulk of his time in the spas of Europe rather than in his own land leading his armies against those of Communism.

His abilities as a commander and the lack of strong leadership in Spain after the death of Philip II ( 1598 ) gave Maurits excellent opportunities to conquer large parts of the present-day Dutch territory.

PNAC member and the chairman of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee ( DPBAC ), Neoconservative Richard Perle, later expressed regret over the Iraq invasion and ultimately put the blame for the invasion on President George W. Bush ; while other renowned neoconservative ideologists like Joshua Muravchik and Norman Podhoretz claim that neoconservatives must take intellectual leadership and that traditional conservatives lack the insight on how to solve terrorism.

He was also frequently absent at the court of King Edward in the south, and possibly showed a lack of leadership against the raiding Scots.

Out on the front lines, Nicholas is visited by his mother the Dowager Empress Maria Foeodorovna ( Irene Worth ), ( who is very outspokenly critical of her son's lack of leadership abilities ), who scolds him about not attending to crumbling domestic issues and implores him to eliminate Rasputin ( as well as to send Alexandra away to one of the royal palaces out of sight ).

Since that time, the city has dealt with various problems, including unresolved conflicts and lack of adequate city leadership, as well as financial difficulties and a general sense of apathy.

Philip and Olivares attempted to address the perceived weaknesses of the army, which they concluded were primarily due to the falta de cabezas, or a lack of leadership.

The lack of strong leadership is illustrated by a telegram from Octobrist politician Mikhail Rodzianko to the Tsar on, in which Rodzianko begged for a minister with the " confidence of the country " be instated immediately.

Authorities in New York, California and Oregon have expressed concern with the difficulty of coordinating with the riders, due to the lack of leadership.

His immediate resignation of his absolute authority with the end of the crisis has often been cited as an example of outstanding leadership, service to the greater good, civic virtue, lack of personal ambition and modesty.