According to an article in the Jewish Week, " several observers said, however, that they believe the church laity will similarly reject this proposal.

The Puritans desired a decentralized and more egalitarian church with an emphasis on the laity, while the Arminians wished for ordered church with a firm hierarchy with the bishops on top and an emphasis on divine right and salvation via free will.

:- To adopt such measures as will enhance the participation of the laity in Church affairs.

Leo closes his letter with a desire that Maximus will restrain unordained persons, whether monks or laity, from public preaching and teaching.

The organic way that priests and laity work together is one of those privileged areas where pastoral activity will take life and be strengthened, activity marked by that " new energy " ( cf.

As the name implies, parishes associated with this variety of churchmanship will mix High and Low forms, reflective of the often eclectic liturgical and doctrinal preferences of clergy and laity.

Regent was established in 1968 to provide graduate theological education to the laity, and only in 1979 started a program to train students who will become clergy.

With the inter-diocesan collaboration from the Diocese of Brooklyn and the Diocese of Rockville Centre, the formation of laity and permanent deacons, as well as the continuing education of priests will be through the Sacred Heart Institute, located at the Seminary of the Immaculate Conception, Huntington, Long Island, New York, beginning in September 2012.

" " It belongs to the laity to seek the kingdom of God by engaging in the affairs of the world and directing them according to God's will.

The magazine also holds conferences to encourage conservative priests and laity in furthering a more traditional approach to Catholic teaching and liturgy, and it hopes to establish a study center " that will assist the articulation of Catholic tradition ".

Now, not only are there considerably more laity as students and professors at Oxford, but there are also numerous houses of religious orders existing in respectable and friendly relations with the non-Catholic members of the University.

Christian Science practitioners are listed in the Christian Science Journal, with the permission of the church's Board of Directors, their only form of official recognition by the church and among the Christian Science laity.

Provinces of the Anglican Communion, their ecclesiastical provinces and dioceses are governed by councils consisting not only of bishops, but also representatives of the presbyterate and laity.

In 1830, the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church over the issue of laity having a voice and vote in the administration of the church, insisting that clergy should not be the only ones to have any determination in how the church was to be operated.

The impartiality of his censures, which he directed not only against the prevailing sins of the laity, but also against heresy, simony, avarice, and impurity among the secular and regular clergy, provoked the hostility of the clergy, and accusations of heterodoxy were brought against him.

The Liturgical Movement of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which arose from the work of Dom Prosper Guéranger, founder of Solesmes Abbey, encouraged the laity to " live " the liturgy, by attending services ( not only Mass ) often, understanding what they meant, and following the priest in heart and mind.

Some of the principles proposed include justification by faith, the acceptance of baptism and the Lord's Supper as the only valid sacraments, the offering of the cup to the laity, the holding of worship services in the vernacular, and the authorisation of priests to marry.

The other judges need only be clerics with licenses, but the episcopal conference can permit members of the laity with the same academic qualifications to serve as judges on a panel.

" It is disputed whether this canon mandated permanent continence or only, as is the practice in the Eastern Orthodox Church even for the laity, periodical continence before partaking of the Eucharist.

It is the only substantial religious tradition that requires both monks and laity to be vegetarian.

* Article 4 assures the Holy See of full freedom to communicate with the German clergy and for the German bishops to communicate with the laity “ in all matters of their pastoral office .” The words of qualification in this clause would later be interpreted by the Nazis in its most narrow meaning to limit the Church communications to worship and ritual only.

Later, however, in the Latin Church the office of ostiary universally remained only one of the degrees of ordination and the actual work of the ostiary was transferred to the laity, ( sacristans, sextons, etc.

While Upaya or the Noble Lie can be ( as in Wittgenstein ) teaching devices or stratagems to be superseded at a later stage, in many cases the laity only ever learns the exoteric doctrine, with only the elite ever learning the true esoteric version.

All members were expected to be spiritual, there was no limitation of spiritual manifestations to the clergy, and contacts on spiritual matters between the clergy and the laity were encouraged, though only ordained ministers were allowed to preach or take services.

Fasting, Hesychasm, and the pursuit of the spiritual life are strongly encouraged not only among monastics but also among the laity.

Cornelius states that his priesting was not welcomed by the clergy or the laity, who held that one who had been baptised only at the point of death could not become a priest.

# that they should wear only robes made of discarded rags and accept no robes from the laity,

Along with the patriotic nature of The American Crisis, it displayed Paine's strong deist beliefs, inciting the laity with suggestions that the British are trying to assume powers that only God should have.

Also, during communion, the chalice was reserved for the clergy ; the laity only received bread.

From its beginnings, this Institution has in fact striven, not only to illuminate with new lights the mission of the laity in the Church and in society, but also to put it into practice .” Ut Sit, November 1982 ( the apostolic constitution by which Opus Dei was made a personal prelature of the Catholic Church in accord with Code of Canon Law sections 294-97 ).

In his Apostolic Constitution Ut Sit, John Paul II declared that " this Institution has in fact striven, not only to illuminate with new lights the mission of the laity in the Church and in society, but also to put it into practice ; it has also endeavored to put into practice the teaching of the universal call to holiness, and to promote at all levels of society the sanctification of ordinary work, and by means of ordinary work.

Novices technically do not eat with the monks in their temple, but this typically only amounts to a gap in seating, rather than the separation observed between monks and the laity.

Benedictine monks who have not been ordained and all nuns are members of the laity among the Christian faithful.

Bernard Lewis states that the Muslim laity and Islamic authorities have always had great difficulty in accommodating post-Islamic monotheistic religions such as the Bahá ' í Faith, since the followers of such religions cannot be dismissed either as benighted heathens, like the polytheists of Asia and the animists of Africa, nor as outdated precursors, like the Jews and Christians.

While the monist forces have led to a fusion between some of the goddesses ( 108 names are common for many goddesses ), centrifugal forces have also resulted in new goddesses and rituals gaining ascendance among the laity in different parts of Hindu world.

Among Inuit peoples the laity have experiences which are commonly attributed to the shamans of those Inuit groups.

Among the Greenland Inuit, the laity have greater capacity to relate with spiritual beings.

In the Catholic Church, spirituality is generally seen as an integral part of religion, as much for the laity as for the ' religious ' ( i. e. those who have taken vows to the Church ).

General, Jurisdictional, Central, and Annual Conferences are all required to have an equal number of laity and clergy.

Today, most congregations have paid pastors, but their function is still somewhat limited, with the laity still taking a very active role in ministerial work.

He also mandated that the clerical tonsure worn by the clergy should not just include the top of the head, but also have the nape and over the ears shaved, which allowed the clergy to be easily distinguished from the laity.

From time to time, laity of the Orthodox Church in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople have been granted the title of Archon of the Ecumenical Patriarchate to honor their service to Church administration.

It also does not have an established theology, clergy, laity, or order of liturgical services of its own.

The Second Vatican Council also exhorted the Christian laity to take up the practice, and as a result, many lay people have begun reciting portions of the Liturgy of the Hours.

On January 22, 1886, Moody addressed church members with the following, " I tell you what, and what I have on my heart I believe we have got to have gap-men, men to stand between the laity and the ministers ; men who are trained to do city mission work.

However, not all liberal Catholics supported the changes to sanctuaries ; some have disputed the belief that the altar rails were a barrier, claiming that many churches were able to allow full participation by the laity in the new Order of the Mass without removing altar rails.

Some of these so-called traditionalist Catholics believe that the Pope at the time, and all Popes since, have led the majority of Catholic clergy and laity into heresy.

According to their website, " Founded in 1987 by an interfaith coalition of laity and clergy, the Institute for Christian & Jewish Studies offers a variety of educational programs that highlight the distinctiveness of the Jewish and Christian traditions and confront the dangerous misunderstandings that have evolved in our two communities.

A blue tippet is also used in Anglican churches by readers, which are members of the laity who have been given special license from the bishop to lead non-sacramental services in the absence of an ordained person.

Clergy and laity from all Anglican churchmanship traditions have been active in the formation of the Continuing movement.

A large group of laity and a somewhat smaller group of clergy within the mainline churches have protested that their denominations have been " hijacked " by those who, in their view, have ' forsaken Christianity ' and embraced what they consider moral relativism to accommodate democratic pluralist society in America.