Such a spectrometer will also be used by the Philae lander of the Rosetta spacecraft to probe the surface of the 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet.

Enterprise was the first to be produced in high-definition ; the first to be broadcast in HDTV, beginning on October 15, 2003, midway into the third season ; the first to be filmed on digital video ( season 4 ); and the first science fiction television or movie production in history to use video footage taken on another planet ( the Sojourner rover approaching the Yogi Rock, taken by the Mars Pathfinder lander and used in the opening credits ).

Also, the vehicle was designed to be used by a single cosmonaut to move from the primary LK lander to the back-up LK Landers in case of failure.

Starting with two failures in 1969, the heavier Proton-K rocket was used to launch larger 5 tonne spacecraft, consisting of an orbiter and a lander to Mars.

Using the Ye-6 bus, a suite of scientific instruments ( plus an imaging system similar to the one used on Zond 3 ) replaced the small lander capsule used on the soft-landing flights.

The mole was attached to the lander by a power cable which could be used as a winch to bring the sample back to the lander.

Mission scientists used instruments aboard the lander to search for environments suitable for microbial life on Mars, and to research the history of water there.

The Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander itself was kept in storage and then used as the lander on the Phoenix mission ; it is currently on Mars in the north polar region.

The lander is named after Philae island in the Nile, where an obelisk was found that was used along with the Rosetta Stone to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphic.

Some of the instruments and the lander were used for the first time as autonomous systems during the Mars flyby on February 25, 2007.

* Marquardt thrust reaction control engines were used on both the moon lander and the command module on all the manned moon flights.

Several launches would be used to build up a complete moon package, one for the Soyuz, another for the lunar lander, and additional launches with cislunar engines and fuel.

The NASA Lunar Lander Research Vehicle used it for rocket thrust to simulate a lunar lander.

The newly acquired data will be used to fine-tune the trajectory of the Huygens lander, scheduled for release on December 24.

Because the characteristics of Phobos soil are uncertain, the lander included another soil-extraction device, a Polish-built drill, which would have been used in case the soil turned out to be too rocky for the main scooping device.

A convention used by spacecraft lander projects to date has been to keep track of local solar time using a 24 hour " Mars clock " on which the hours, minutes and seconds are 2. 7 % longer than their standard ( Earth ) durations.

Each lander so far has used an approximation of local solar time as its frame of reference, as cities did on Earth before the introduction of standard time in the 19th century.

Each lander mission so far has used its own time zone, corresponding to average local solar time at the landing location.

Of the six successful Mars landers to date, five employed offsets from local mean solar time ( LMST ) for the lander site while the sixth ( Mars Pathfinder ) used local true solar time ( LTST ).

* Luna programme, lander spacecraft used by the Soviet Union for robotic exploration of the Moon

* Surveyor Program, lander spacecraft used the United States for robotic exploration of the Moon

The ship on which Charles Darwin made the voyage which provided much of the inspiration for On the Origin of Species was named HMS Beagle after the breed, and, in turn, lent its name to the ill-fated British Martian lander Beagle 2.

One of these is the Phoenix lander, which analyzed Martian polar soil for water and chemical and mineralogical constituents related to biological processes.

It also acts as a relay for communications between the Mars Exploration Rovers, Mars Science Laboratory, and the Phoenix lander to Earth.

All of them identified Triton as being a prime target and a separate Triton lander comparable to the Huygens probe for Titan was frequently included in those plans.

The moon lander part of the Luna spacecraft for Lunokhods were similar to the ones for sample return missions.

Ownership of Lunokhod 2 and the Luna 21 lander was sold by the Lavochkin Association for in December 1993 at a Sotheby's auction in New York ( although the catalog incorrectly lists lot 68A as Luna 17 / Lunokhod 1 ).

After landing, the Lunokhod 2 took TV images of the surrounding area, then rolled down a ramp to the surface at 01: 14 UT on January 16 and took pictures of the Luna 21 lander and landing site, driving for 30 metres.

Ownership of Lunokhod 2 and the Luna 21 lander was sold by the Lavochkin Association for $ 68, 500 in December 1993 at a Sotheby's auction in New York.

The Venera 9 lander operated for at least 53 minutes and took pictures with one of two cameras ; the other lens cap did not release.

The Venera 10 lander operated for at least 65 minutes and took pictures with one of two cameras ; the other lens cap did not release.

The Venera 11 lander operated for at least 95 minutes but neither camera's lens cap released.

The Venera 12 lander operated for at least 110 minutes but neither camera's lens cap released.

The Venera 13 lander survived for 127 minutes, and the Venera 14 lander for 57 minutes, where the planned design life was only 32 minutes.

The engines failed to cut off at 14 feet ( 4. 3 meters ) in altitude as called for in the mission plans, and this delay caused the lander to bounce on the lunar surface twice.

Several components of the Surveyor 3 lander were collected and returned to the Earth for study of the long-term exposure effects of the harsh lunar environment on man-made objects and materials.

After a few hours at about 300 km altitude, the lander was reoriented for atmospheric entry.

The lander had two facsimile cameras, three analyses for metabolism, growth or photosyntheses, a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer ( GCMS ), an x-ray fluorescence spectrometer, pressure, temperature and wind velocity sensors, a three-axis seismometer, a magnet on a sampler observed by the cameras, and various engineering sensors.

The lander operated for 2245 sols ( about 2306 Earth days or 6 years ) until November 11, 1982, when a faulty command sent by ground control resulted in loss of contact.

The Viking 2 lander operated on the surface for 1, 281 Mars days and was turned off on 11 April 1980 when its batteries failed.

Normal operations called for the structure connecting the orbiter and lander ( the bioshield ) to be ejected after separation, but because of problems with the separation the bioshield was left attached to the orbiter.

After a few hours, at about 300 km attitude, the lander was reoriented for entry.