The IPA symbols are used in writing most Khoisan languages, but Bantu languages such as Zulu typically use Latin c, x and q for dental, lateral, and alveolar clicks respectively.

* Next most familiar to English speakers are the lateral clicks written with a double pipe,.

English and many other languages may use bare clicks in interjections, without the accompaniment of vowels, such as the dental " tsk-tsk " sound used to express disapproval, or the lateral tchick used with horses.

Clicks appear more stop-like ( sharp / abrupt ) or affricate-like ( noisy ) depending on their place of articulation: In southern Africa, clicks involving an apical alveolar or laminal postalveolar closure are acoustically abrupt and sharp, like stops, while labial, dental, and lateral clicks typically have longer and acoustically noisier releases that are superficially more like affricates.

In East Africa, however, the alveolar clicks tend to be flapped, while the lateral clicks tend to be more sharp.

* Dental lateral clicks,,, etc.

* Alveolar lateral clicks,,, etc.

Three letters are used to indicate the basic clicks: c for dental clicks, x for lateral clicks, and q for post-alveolar clicks ( for a more detailed explanation, see the table of consonant phonemes, below ).

( A reported distinction between dental lateral and postalveolar lateral clicks has not been confirmed by further research.

Beach ( 1938 ) reported that the Khoehkoe of the time had a velar lateral ejective affricate,, a common realization or allophone of in languages with clicks, and it might be expected that this is true for Korana as well.

It has the same pulmonic egressive consonants as everyday Lardil, but this is augmented by four other airstream mechanisms: lingual ingressive ( the nasal clicks ), glottalic egressive ( a velar ejective ), pulmonic ingressive ( a lateral fricative ), and lingual egressive ( a bilabial ' spurt ').

The three sepals are generally colourful and bright ( which is why they are sometimes called outer tepals ), with one on each side (" lateral sepals ") and one usually at the top of the flower (" dorsal sepal "), sometimes forming a hood.

By opening the stop wider, similar deviations arise for lateral points as have been already discussed for axial points ; but in this case they are much more complicated.

While all prokaryotes reproduce asexually ( without the formation and fusion of gametes ), mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation, transformation and transduction are sometimes likened to sexual reproduction.

These fish can still, however, find their way around by means of their lateral lines, which are highly sensitive to fluctuating water pressure.

When reconstructing the data, owing to the evaporation of successive layers of material from the sample, the lateral and in-depth reconstruction values are highly anisotropic.

High levels of lateral support are useful for activities where lateral motion is undesirable and unexpected.

A highly built-up lateral support will not be able to protect the foot in badminton ; instead, it will encourage catastrophic collapse at the point where the shoe's support fails, and the player's ankles are not ready for the sudden loading, which can cause sprains.

The five click releases with dedicated symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA ) are labial, dental, palato-alveolar or " palatal ", ( post ) alveolar or " retroflex ", and alveolar lateral.

The labial, dental, and lateral releases, on the other hand, are typically " noisy ": they are longer, lip-or tooth-sucking sounds with turbulent airflow, and are sometimes called affricates.

The C-isotope chemostratigraphic characteristics obtained for contemporaneous cap carbonates in different parts of the world may be variable in a wide range owing to different degrees of secondary alteration of carbonates, dissimilar criteria used for selection of the least altered samples, and, as far as the C-isotope data are concerned, due to primary lateral variations of δ < sup > l3 </ sup > C < sub > carb </ sub > in the upper layer of the ocean.

Neurons in the lateral entorhinal cortex exhibit little spatial selectivity, whereas neurons of the medial entorhinal cortex ( MEA ), exhibit multiple " place fields " that are arranged in an hexagonal pattern, and are, therefore, called " grid cells ".

The cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of 5 g in corners.

Efficient foil-type kites such as power kites can also be used to sail upwind under the same principles as used by other sailing craft, provided that lateral forces on the ground or in the water are redirected as with the keels, center boards, wheels and ice blades of traditional sailing craft.

Both heads are inserted into the lateral sesamoid bone of the first digit.

Tie-backs are steel tendons drilled into the face of the wall which extend beyond the soil which is applying pressure to the wall, to provide additional lateral resistance to the wall.

One, found before vowels as in lady or fly, is called clear l, pronounced as the alveolar lateral approximant with a " neutral " position of the body of the tongue.

The other variant, so-called dark l found before consonants or word-finally, as in bold or tell, is pronounced as the velarized alveolar lateral approximant with the tongue assuming a spoon-like shape with its back part raised, which gives the sound a-or-like resonance.

:* Lateral approximants, usually shortened to lateral, are a type of approximant pronounced with the side of the tongue.

The labellum is trilobed, with two pronounced humps on the hairy lateral lobes, the median lobe is hairy and similar to the abdomen of a bee.

Bornman appears to have investigated the matter more intimately at first hand than most authors, and describes the root system as " rather shallow and simple, consisting of a tapering taproot with one or more non-tapering extensions, some pronounced lateral roots, and a network of delicate spongy roots.

That is, putting patients in the left lateral position will allow a murmur in the mitral valve area to be more pronounced.

One distinction between Taishanese and Cantonese is the use of the voiceless lateral fricative ( IPA ɬ ), e. g., in the word meaning " three ", pronounced saam1 in Cantonese and lhaam2 in Taishanese.

The " ll " s in the name are pronounced as voiceless alveolar lateral fricatives ( IPA symbol ), a phoneme that does not exist in English.

Analysis of the footprints at Laetoli give these characteristics of obligate bi-pedalism: pronounced heel strike from deep impressions, lateral transmission of force from the heel to the base of the lateral metatarsal, a well-developed medial longitudinal arch, adducted big toe, and a deep impression for the big toe commensurate with toe-off.

Lje represents a palatal lateral, a sound similar ( but not equal ) to the palatalized alveolar lateral which is represented by the digraph ЛЬ and pronounced like the ⟨ ll ⟩ in " million ".

Its name is derived from the Zulu onomatopoeic word, eXobo, describing the sound made as cattle squelch through mud ( The ' X ' sound in Zulu is pronounced as a lateral click ).

Eyes and legs grow quickly, a tongue is formed, and all this is accompanied by associated changes in the neural networks ( development of stereoscopic vision, loss of the lateral line system, etc .).

Metamorphosis is gradual but by the age of about ten months they have developed a pointed head with sensory tentacles near the mouth and lost their eyes, lateral line systems and tails.

* Dysfunction of the spinocerebellum ( vermis and associated areas near the midline ) presents itself with a wide-based " drunken sailor " gait ( called truncal ataxia ), characterised by uncertain starts and stops, lateral deviations, and unequal steps.

* Dysfunction of the cerebrocerebellum ( lateral hemispheres ) presents as disturbances in carrying out voluntary, planned movements by the extremities ( called appendicular ataxia ).

Like with Tyrannosaurus, the maxillary ( cheek ) teeth of Albertosaurus were adapted in general form to resist lateral forces exerted by a struggling prey.

Practically speaking, the usable magnification will be limited by several effects, such as lateral vibration of the atoms prior to evaporation.

Sensation in the breast is provided by the peripheral nervous system innervation, by means of the front ( anterior ) and side ( lateral ) cutaneous branches of the fourth -, the fifth -, and the sixth intercostal nerves, while the T-4 nerve ( Thoracic spinal nerve 4 ), which innervates the dermatomic area, supplies sensation to the nipple-areola complex.

* If the offence fumbles ( a ball carrier drops the football, or has it dislodged by an opponent, or if the intended player fails to catch a lateral pass or a snap from centre, or a kick attempt is blocked by an opponent ), the ball may be recovered ( and advanced ) by either team.

Vertical wells can cause salt upconing into the lens, and over-extraction will reduce fresh water pressure resulting in lateral intrusion by seawater.

It is situated at an altitude of 482 meters above sea level by the river Amper, with a boundary demarcated by lateral moraines formed during the last ice age and the Amper glacial valley.

In this case the nut is used only for lateral alignment of the strings, the string height and length being dictated by the zero fret.

Cantilever walls resist lateral pressures by friction at the base of the wall and / or passive earth pressure, the tendency of the soil to resist lateral movement.

In some cases, the lateral support which can be provided by the shoring wall alone is insufficient to resist the planned lateral loads ; in this case additional support is provided by walers or tie-backs.

Mass movements can be caused by increases in shear stress, such as loading, lateral pressure, and transient forces.