In 1789, French nobleman and scientific researcher Antoine Lavoisier discovered the law of conservation of mass and defined an element as a basic substance that could not be further broken down by the methods of chemistry.

On September 21, 1996, barely three years after the " Don't Ask, Don't Tell " imbroglio, and further straining relations with the LGBT community, Clinton signed into law the Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ), which defines marriage as the legal union of one man and one woman.

In lawyer lingo, hornbook law or black letter law is a fundamental and well-accepted legal principle that does not require any further explanation, since a hornbook is a primer of basics.

German authorities announced further investigations about the contaminations and an eventual violation of the food law.

This first connotation can be further differentiated into ( a ) pure common law arising from the traditional and inherent authority of courts to define what the law is, even in absence of an underlying statute, e. g., most criminal law and procedural law before the 20th century, and even today, most of contract law and the law of torts, and ( b ) court decisions that interpret and decide the fine boundaries and distinctions in law promulgated by other bodies.

* Conspiracy ( crime ), an agreement between persons to break the law in the future, in some cases having committed an act to further that agreement

Under Texas law, the death penalty can only be issued if the jury is convinced that the defendant is not only guilty, but will commit further violent crimes in the future if he is not put to death.

For example, franchise agreements are produced under regular contract law and do not have to conform to any further legislation or guidelines.

Gun ownership requires license and is regulated by the weapon law ( Vapenlagen 1996: 67 ) further regulations are found in in weapon decree ( Vapenförordningen 1996: 70 ).

Though all episcopal sees may be considered " holy ", the expression " the Holy See " ( without further specification ) is normally used in international relations ( and in the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church ) to refer to the See of Rome viewed as the central government of the Roman Catholic Church.

In the face of economic stagnation, Hungary opted to try further liberalization by passing a joint venture law, instating an income tax, and joining the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) and the World Bank.

Some have argued hate crime laws bring the law into disrepute and further divide society, as groups apply to have their critics silenced.

The establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the 1864 Lieber Code and the first of the Geneva Conventions in 1864 laid the foundations of International humanitarian law, to be further developed following the two World Wars.

A further division is made between chukim (" decrees " — laws without obvious explanation, such as shatnez, the law prohibiting wearing clothing made of mixtures of linen and wool ), mishpatim (" judgments " — laws with obvious social implications ) and eduyot (" testimonies " or " commemorations ", such as the Shabbat and holidays ).

Public authorities should oppose laws which undermine natural law ; scientists should further study effective methods of natural birth control ; doctors should further familiarize themselves with this teaching, in order to be able to give advice to their patients, priests must spell out clearly and completely the Church's teaching on marriage.

In law, interrogatories ( also known as requests for further information ) are a formal set of written questions propounded by one litigant and required to be answered by an adversary, in order to clarify matters of fact and help to determine in advance what facts will be presented at any trial in the case.

Some treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ) often require further procedures to comply with the law before they may be administered involuntarily.

When the power of the latter was made both limited and explicit -- when norms were clarified and made more precise and the creation of new norms was placed exclusively in parliamentary hands -- two purposes were served: Government was made subservient to an institutionalized popular will, and law became a rational system for implementing that will, for serving conscious goals, for embodying the `` public policy ''.

He also desired a unified law of copyright ; all the existing statutes were to be codified under the bill, and the case law that had arisen around the Statute of Anne was to be clarified.

He threw himself into government with energy and religiously followed the lines laid down by his grandfather, David I. Anglo-French settlements and feudalization were extended, new burghs founded, criminal law clarified, the responsibilities of justices and sheriffs widened, and trade grew.

The issue of whether Monmouth should be considered as part of Wales for administrative purposes was finally clarified in law by the Local Government Act 1972, which incorporated Monmouthshire within Wales.

Amendments made in 1884 tightened the provisions that allowed previous immigrants to leave and return, and clarified that the law applied to ethnic Chinese regardless of their country of origin.

In the Greek War of Independence, British volunteers fought with the Greek rebels, which could have been unlawful ; it was unclear whether or not the Greek rebels were a " state " per the Foreign Enlistment Act, but the law was clarified, saying that the rebels were a state.

The Tannaim were direct transmitters of uncodified oral tradition ; the Amoraim expounded upon and clarified the oral law after its initial codification.

The Gospels are studied and interpreted in Spiritism ; some of the words of Christ or his actions are clarified in the light of the spiritual phenomena ( presented as law of nature, and not as something miraculous ).

Most legislation for Wales was applied to it using the phrase " Wales and Monmouthshire ", and the issue of whether Monmouthshire should be considered as part of Wales for administrative purposes was finally clarified in law by the Local Government Act 1972 which incorporated it within Wales.

In July 2010, federal regulators clarified the issue when they determined it was lawful to hack ( or in other terms, " jail break ") the iPhone, declaring that there was no basis for copyright law to assist Apple in protecting its restrictive business model.

For example, possession and / or use of a foreign passport is a condition disqualifying from security clearance and "... is not mitigated by reasons of personal convenience, safety, requirements of foreign law, or the identity of the foreign country " as is explicitly clarified in a Department of Defense policy memorandum which defines a guideline requiring that "... any clearance be denied or revoked unless the applicant surrenders the foreign passport or obtains official permission for its use from the appropriate agency of the United States Government ".

In 1803, he introduced a bill to Parliament which went onto become the Malicious Shooting or Stabbing Act 1803 ( often referred to as Lord Ellenborough's Act ) which clarified the law on abortion in England and Ireland.

Consequently, ReactOS clarified that its Intellectual Property Policy Statement requirements on clean room reverse engineering conform to US law.

People are protected at all costs ; even those running from the law must be given refuge until the situation can be clarified.

It clarified the law so that most over-the-counter ( OTC ) derivatives transactions between “ sophisticated parties ” would not be regulated as “ futures ” under the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936 ( CEA ) or as “ securities ” under the federal securities laws.

In 1886, Ontario clarified its law, so that such establishment could only occur after an application had been made by at least five Black families in the community.

* On 26 July 1983, Woolf's judgement in the high court, Gillick v West Norfolk & Wisbech AHA & DHSS 3 WLR ( QBD ), clarified the law under which doctors could prescribe contraception to minors.

As a result on 1 November 2002 the law was clarified and shōchū satisfying any of conditions 1 to 5 of the above definition of singly distilled shōchū can be called honkaku shōchū.

A 2003 law did not change the route, but clarified that the former highway through those cities could not be taken back by the state, and repealed the section added in 1995 allowing relinquisment to any city.

It clarified that the ATS did not create a cause of action, but instead merely " furnish jurisdiction for a relatively modest set of actions alleging violations of the law of nations.

In Cuomo v. Clearing House Association, L. L. C., the Court clarified its decision in Watters, stating that federal banking regulations did not pre-empt the ability of states to enforce their own fair-lending laws, as "' general supervision and control ' and ' oversight ' are worlds apart from law enforcement ," and therefore states retain law enforcement powers but have restricted " visitory " powers over national banks.

According to the website of the Central Tibetan Administration, Justice Muralidhar's decision had the effect of " Closing the doors on the possibility of similar complaints in the future ," omitting the fact that " It is however clarified that the dismissal of this petition will not preclude any individual member or members of the Dorje Shugden Society to seek appropriate remedies as may be available to them in law " before the police in Karnataka and its state government.

After almost three years of deliberations, Latvia finalized a citizenship and naturalization law in summer 1994.

An 1862 law allowed honorably discharged Army veterans of any war to petition for naturalization, without having filed a declaration of intent, after only one year of residence in the United States.

After Israel gained its independence in May 1948, the Israeli parliament created two laws regarding immigration, citizenship and naturalization: the Law of Return and the Israeli nationality law.

*: Turkish law allows persons of Turkish origin and their spouse and children, to apply for naturalization without the five-year waiting period applicable to other immigrants.

Category: United States immigration and naturalization case law

Under the federal immigration-and-nationality law, when aliens apply for naturalization, they have the option of asking for their names to be changed upon the grants of citizenship with no additional fees.

The naturalization treaties, named the " Bancroft treaties " in his honor, which he negotiated successively with Prussia and the other north German states were the first international recognition of the right of expatriation, a principle since incorporated in the law of nations. He died in 1891.

This would entail a major change in the current law which only gives automatic citizenship to descendants of people who were citizens of the Republic of Latvia before it was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 and requires the Soviet citizens who moved to Latvia between 1940 and 1990 ( mainly Russians ) to go through a naturalization process.

Thus, the parliament at Ottawa alone can pass laws relating to, amongst other things, the postal service, the census, the military, criminal law, navigation and shipping, fishing, currency, banking, weights and measures, bankruptcy, copyrights, patents, First Nations, and naturalization.

Pierrepont was more concerned for the restoration of the United States " international influence and political clout " after the American Civil War and was primarily known for his rulings on international law, naturalization, and extradition.

( The present law only allows most of them to apply for citizenship through the process of naturalization ).

The city of Emmen hit international headlines in 2001 when it announced new naturalization law.

A number of changes were made to the previous naturalization law:

Category: United States immigration and naturalization case law

Category: United States immigration and naturalization case law

Kalou appealed the decision and took the matter to a court of law, gaining a victory on 9 December 2005 when the judge ordered Verdonk to reconsider whether or not Kalou could be considered for accelerated naturalization.

Another, even more stringent provision introduced in the 1920 law prohibited assigning persons ineligible for naturalization as guardians of estate.

This is because the marriage consent given to her had very specific provisions ; if Benedikte ever became the heiress-presumptive, she and her husband would have to take permanent residence in Denmark and her husband would have to become a naturalized Danish citizen, and her children would only have succession rights if they had applied for naturalization upon reaching adulthood, and taken up residence in Denmark: ( a ) at the time of becoming the immediate heir to the throne, and ( b ) no later than when they reached the age of mandatory schooling under Danish law.

In 1815 he gave his support to Joachim Murat and his Neapolitan anti-Austrian expedition: after the latter's fall, he escaped to France, and then proceeded to Geneva, where he began teaching a course of jurisprudence applied to Roman law, the success of which gained him the unusual honour of naturalization as a citizen of Geneva.

Category: United States immigration and naturalization case law

Category: United States immigration and naturalization case law

He served during his legal career upon a great number of royal commissions, such as the Maynooth Commission in 1854, and others dealing with marriage law, neutrality, naturalization and allegiance.