* 2005 – Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani becomes Iraqi president ; Shiite Arab Ibrahim al-Jaafari is named premier the next day.

* 1921 – The British install the son of Sharif Hussein bin Ali ( leader of the Arab Revolt of 1916 against the Ottoman Empire ) as King Faisal I of Iraq.

These novels tell the story of a U. S. President who approves the assassination of the leader of an oil-rich Arab nation who has acquired nuclear arms and intends to pass them onto a terrorist organization.

He used to give himself titles such as " King of Kings ", " leader of the Arab leaders " and " imam of the Muslims " ( at the 2009 Arab League Summit ).

King Abdullah of Jordan has become the first Arab leader to visit Iraq since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003, a landmark step towards reducing Baghdad's isolation among its Sunni Arab neighbours.

On 18 December 1959, the new leader of Iraq, General Abdul Karim Qassim, declared: " We do not wish to refer to the history of Arab tribes residing in Al-Ahwaz and

According to Israeli journalists Shlomo Nakdimon and Shaul Mayzlish, Dutch Jew Jacob Israël de Haan was assassinated by Avraham Tehomi on the orders of Haganah leader Yitzhak Ben-Zvi for his anti-Zionist political activities and contacts with Arab leaders.

* 1919 – At the Paris Peace Conference, Emir Faisal of Iraq signs an agreement with Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann on the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East.

And while Arab League head Amr Moussa declared that Syrian president Assad promised him a phased withdrawal over a two year period, the Syrian Information Minister Mahdi Dakhlallah said Mr Moussa had misunderstood the Syrian leader.

" King Hussein of Jordan — the only leader of an Arab country to publicly denounce the Olympic attack — called it a " savage crime against civilization ... perpetrated by sick minds.

* 1977 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel, when he meets Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and speaks before the Knesset in Jerusalem, seeking a permanent peace settlement.

Khalid Meshaal, the leader of Hamas, President Bashar al-Assad of Syria, and President Ahmadinejad of Iran urged all Arab states with remaining ties to Israel to cut them.

In 2010, the Emir became the first Arab leader to tour South Lebanon and view the various projects it funded following the 2006 Lebanon War.

* The airline ticketing agent who checked in Mohamed Atta, the purported leader of the September 11 attacks, and a companion, would afterwards say that looking at the pair his first reaction was to think, " If this doesn't look like two Arab terrorists, I've never seen two Arab terrorists.

* 2001 – Ahmed Shah Massoud, leader of the Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan by two al Qaeda assassins who claimed to be Arab journalists wanting an interview.

Saleh's foreign policy as the leader of North Yemen was characterized by the principles of " positive neutrality " and Arab unity.

He told President Clinton that, " the Arab leader who would surrender Jerusalem is not born yet.

The complex and fragile web of relations between the US, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab states contributed also to Arafat's longevity as the leader of the Palestinians.

** Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to make an official visit to Israel, when he meets with Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, seeking a permanent peace settlement.

Nasser became an influential leader in the Middle East in the 1950s, leading Arab states into war with Israel, becoming a major leader of the Non-Aligned Movement and promoting pan-Arab unification.

* Mubarazuddin Muhammad, leader of the Arab Muzaffarid tribe, expels the Blue Horde from Ilkhanate territory in Persia.

Prince Souvanna Phouma, leader of the nation's neutralists and recognized as Premier by the Communist bloc, and Prince Souphanouvong, head of the pro-Communist Pathet Lao forces.

An the other hand, the armed forces of the MPLA ( now the official armed forces of the Angolan state ) and of UNITA fought each other until the leader of UNITA, Jonas Savimbi, was killed in action, in 2002.

* 1557 – Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.

* 1942 – Indian leader Mohanda Gandhi is arrested in Bombay by British forces, launching the Quit India Movement.

However conservative forces crushed BZNS in a 1923 coup and assassinated its leader, Aleksandar Stamboliyski ( 1879 – 1923 ).

* 2011 – Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is overthrown after the National Transitional Council forces take control of Bab al-Azizia compound during the 2011 Libyan civil war.

* 2003 – 2003 invasion of Iraq: Baghdad falls to American forces ; Saddam Hussein statue topples as Iraqis turn on symbols of their former leader, pulling down the statue and tearing it to pieces.

* 1919 – Mexican Revolution leader Emiliano Zapata is ambushed and shot dead by government forces in Morelos.

* Count Aelianus, leader of the Roman defensive forces at the Siege of Amida in 359.

The government was deposed in 15 March 2003 by forces under the rebel leader François Bozizé, who promised elections in 18 to 30 months.

Bolívar returned to New Granada only in 1819 after establishing himself as leader of the pro-independence forces in the Venezuelan llanos.

Corum slows Xiombarg's forces by defeating their leader, Prince Gaynor the Damned.

* 1810 – Andreas Hofer, Tirolean patriot and leader of rebellion against Napoleon's forces, is executed.

He backed the Uyghur Communist Muslim leader Ehmetjan Qasim against the anti Communist Chinese Kuomintang forces.

* 1990 – Former leader of Panama Manuel Noriega surrenders to American forces.

* 1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends – At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.

There, in the spring of 1797, he defended the coastal town of Saint Marc but lost Mirebalais and the Central Plateau to the forces of Toussaint Louverture, leader of the slave revolt.

* 1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: after Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.

* 1958 – Iraqi Revolution: in Iraq the monarchy is overthrown by popular forces led by Abdul Karim Kassem, who becomes the nation's new leader.

In the interim, while armed Lebanese forces under the Maronite-controlled government sparred with Palestinian fighters, Egyptian leader Gamal Abd al-Nasser helped to negotiate the 1969 " Cairo Agreement " between Arafat and the Lebanese government, which granted the PLO autonomy over Palestinian refugee camps and access routes to northern Israel in return for PLO recognition of Lebanese sovereignty.

On March 5 Syrian leader Assad declared in a televised speech that Syria would withdraw its forces to the Bekaa Valley in eastern Lebanon, and then to the border between Syria and Lebanon.

* 1977 – Assassination of Kamal Jumblatt the main leader of the anti-government forces in the Lebanese Civil War.

Bolivia faced Marxist-Leninist revolution in the 1960s that included Che Guevara as a leader until being killed there by government forces.

French colonial forces had failed to hold back independence forces led by the communist leader Ho Chi Minh in North Vietnam.