Insect damage to the fossilized leaves of flowering plants from fourteen sites in North America were used as a proxy for insect diversity across the K – T boundary and analyzed to determine the rate of extinction.

The same species, when growing in a half-shady damp location can develop into a flowering bush half as tall as a person, but when growing in a very dry location will only grow into a thin little plant just higher than the ankles, with tiny flowers and a few miniature leaves.

They also appear in biological settings, such as branching in trees, phyllotaxis ( the arrangement of leaves on a stem ), the fruit spouts of a pineapple, the flowering of artichoke, an uncurling fern and the arrangement of a pine cone.

The flowering leaves and tops of marjoram are steam-distilled to produce an essential oil that is yellowish in color ( darkening to brown as it ages ).

The leaves and flowering stems are strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, stimulant, stomachic and mildly tonic.

In the second year, it grows a flowering stem to 75 cm tall with sparser leaves and flat-topped 3 – 10 cm diameter umbels with numerous 2 mm diameter yellow to yellowish-green flowers.

The leaves form a rosette at the base of the plant, with a few leaves also on the flowering stem.

Each bulb generally produces just two or three linear leaves and an erect, leafless scape ( flowering stalk ), which bears at the top a pair of bract-like spathe valves joined by a papery membrane.

Shoots are new plant growth, they can include stems, flowering stems with flower buds, and leaves.

The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, was a grouping formerly used for the flowering plants whose seed typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.

* Leafy inflorescences: Though often reduced in size, the bracts are unspecialised and look like the typical leaves of the plant, so that the term flowering stem is usually applied instead of inflorescence.

Typha leaves are alternate and mostly basal to a simple, jointless stem that eventually bears the flowering spikes.

In its second year, the cane becomes a floricane and the stem does not grow longer, but the lateral buds break to produce flowering laterals ( which have smaller leaves with three or five leaflets ).

Tithymalus melliferus Moench ) is a flowering perennial plant with large, attractive leaves.

After flowering and complete drying of the leaves, the stems should be cut off just above the ground.

It is an annual plant growing tall, with opposite leaves long with an entire margin ; they are broad lanceolate, to broad, at the base of the plant, narrowing to just broad on the flowering stem.

For example, certain compound leaves of flowering plants are partially homologous both to leaves and shoots because they combine some traits of leaves and shoots.

The foliage is normally basal with a few smaller leaves produced near the lower end of the flowering stems.

The leaves are alternate, simple, ovate to triangular-based, very variable in size from about 2 – 30 cm long and 1 – 15 cm broad, with larger leaves at the base of the plant and small leaves higher on the flowering stem.

Marjoram is cultivated for its aromatic leaves, either green or dry, for culinary purposes ; the tops are cut as the plants begin to flower and are dried slowly in the shade.

Turnip leaves are sometimes eaten as " turnip greens " (" turnip tops " in the UK ), and they resemble mustard greens in flavor.

Its fresh leaves and tops are chewed or, less frequently, dried and consumed as tea, in order to achieve a state of euphoria and stimulation ; it also has anorectic side-effects.

Others may be spotted with purple, red, or cream, while others have different colors on the tops and bottoms of the leaves.

This flower, or iris, looks like our fleur-de-lis not just because of its yellow colour but also because of its shape: of the six petals, or leaves, that it has, three of them are alternatively straight and meet at their tops.

This method usually leaves ridge and hill tops as flattened plateaus.

Ivies have two leaf types, with palmately lobed juvenile leaves on creeping and climbing stems and unlobed cordate adult leaves on fertile flowering stems exposed to full sun, usually high in the crowns of trees or the tops of rock faces, from 2 m or more above ground.

The stalks and leaves can be harvested and used for silage, though cutting the tops greatly reduces the harvest of the roots.

Young plants have edible tops and leaves, good in salads or in stirfry as a spring vegetable.

The archivoltes, or curved bands of decoration on the tops of the arches, also have acanthus leaves.

Dam Cairns of The Sunday Times said that the song " leaves a bad taste in the mouth: the true legacy of Girl Power is, arguably, a preteen clothing industry selling crop tops and other minimal garments to young girls ", but added that it " remains the same two minutes and 53 seconds of pop perfection that it ever was ".

Below these lie smaller, thinner trees with leaves clustered at their tops.

Some women are more comfortable wearing camisoles, sleeveless T-shirts, or tank tops over a shelf bra, which leaves the nipple exposed.

Most examples have rectangular tops, sometimes with folding leaves, and usually one or more drawers fitted with partitions.

Undersides of leaves are lighter green than on the tops.

They are numerous, palm-like, dioecious trees and shrubs of the Old World tropic growing from sea level to 3, 300 m. The adventitious roots are large and often branched ; the tops have a crown of narrow spiny leaves.

In the temple of Ceres and the so-called Basilica at Paestum the hypotrachelium consists of a concave sinking carved with vertical lines suggestive of leaves, the tops of which project forward.

In the middle and lower parts of the stem, situated between the insertion points of the two opposite leaves there is a horizontal scar 0. 3-1 mm wide that extends between the leaves ( or leaf scars ) and sometimes also connects over the tops of these scars, and along the top side of this scar there is a dense, usually furry line of fine trichomes ( i. e., plant hairs ) usually 0. 5-1 mm long that are reddish brown when dried ( Figure 4A ).

The first, bhang, consists of the leaves and plant tops of the marijuana plant.

The second, ganja, consisting of the leaves and the plant tops, is smoked.

When they have 4 to 6 leaves and are thrifty little plants, it's time to set them out where they are to remain.

When Siamese cats are intertwined it is difficult to tell where one leaves off and another begins.

Algae lack the various structures that characterize land plants, such as phyllids ( leaves ) and rhizoids in nonvascular plants, or leaves, roots, and other organs that are found in tracheophytes ( vascular plants ).

Carrot, celery and parsley are true biennials that are usually grown as annual crops for their edible roots, petioles and leaves, respectively.

Almost all species have a tight cluster of leaves ( a rosette ), either at the base of the plant or at the end of a more-or-less woody stem ; the leaves are less often produced along the stem.

Only in a few cases are leaves produced along the length of the stem.

They are upright perennial herbs ( to about 1. 50 m ), with distinctive leaves.

They are more or less rhizomatous, with spiral leaves and an inflorescence that may form a raceme or a spike.

They are herbs with corms and leaves which are sometimes stalked ( petiolate ) with wide blades.

Members of the family are usually perennial herbs with sword-shaped unifacial leaves ; the inflorescence is a spike or panicle of solitary flowers, or forms a monochasial cyme or rhipidium ( meaning that the successive stems of the flowers follow a zig-zag path in the same plane ); and the flower has only three stamens, each opposite to an outer tepal.

The leaves form a rosette at the base of the plant, and are alternate, distichous, flat, sessile, simple, linear or lanceolate, and parallel veined, with entire margins.

They are relatively robust herbaceous perennials with short rhizomes and leaves forming a rosette, individually linear-oblong, flat, rather fleshy.

The flowers are quite large, blue or white, forming an umbel at the end of a stem ( scape ) which is longer than the leaves.

They are herbaceous perennials with bulbs, and can be identified by their rather fleshy leaves, usually large and attractive flowers, with six stamens and an inferior ovary.

Most Apiaceae are annual, biennial or perennial herbs ( frequently with the leaves aggregated toward the base ), though a minority are shrubs or trees.

Their leaves are of variable size and alternately arranged, or alternate with the upper leaves becoming nearly opposite.

The leaves are 3 – 5 inches long, with a serrated margin and a petiole.

The flowers are white to pale pink, diameter with five petals, produced singly or in pairs and appearing before the leaves in early spring.