Businessmen such as Mark Hanna, sugar trust magnate Henry O. Havemeyer, banker J. P. Morgan, steel makers Charles M. Schwab and Andrew Carnegie, and railroad owners Cornelius Vanderbilt and Jay Gould created corporations that influenced legislation at the local, state, and federal levels as they built businesses that spanned multiple states and communities.

In May 1930, a petition was signed by 1, 028 economists in the U. S. asking President Hoover to veto the legislation, organized by Paul Douglas, Irving Fisher, James TFG Wood, Frank Graham, Ernest Patterson, Henry Seager, Frank Taussig, and Clair Wilcox.

Passed during the Wilson administration, the legislation was introduced by Alabama Democrat Henry De Lamar Clayton Jr. in the U. S. House of Representatives, where the act passed by a vote of 277 to 54 on June 5, 1914.

Henry Bergh ( August 29, 1813 – March 12, 1888 ) founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( ASPCA ) in April, 1866, three days after the first effective legislation against animal cruelty in the United States was passed into law by the New York State Legislature.

On failing famously to receive from the Pope an annulment to his marriage, Henry had himself declared Supreme Head of the Church in England in February 1531, and instigated a programme of legislation to establish this Royal Supremacy in law and enforce its acceptance throughout his realm.

Nevertheless, Henry was determined to carry through a policy of dissolution in Ireland — and in 1537 introduced legislation into the Irish Parliament to legalise the closure of monasteries.

The first Act of Supremacy had made King Henry VIII the supreme head of the Church of England and the second Act of Supremacy ( 1559 ) restored these powers for Elizabeth I, reversing normalising legislation passed during the reign of Mary I, though the title Elizabeth gained was " Supreme Governor of the Church of England " rather than " supreme head " so as not to imply that she had control over the church's doctrine, or, worse, that the Monarch was usurping Jesus.

In 1985, Henry Waxman, a California Democrat, called for a US government inquiry into the Bhopal disaster, which resulted in US legislation regarding the accidental release of toxic chemicals in the United States.

By virtue of Poynings ' Law, a statute of King Henry VII of England, all proposed Irish legislation had to be submitted to the Privy Council for its approval under the Great Seal of England before being passed by the Irish parliament.

During Henry VI's reign, it became regular practice for the two Houses to originate legislation in the form of bills, which would not become law unless the Sovereign's Assent was obtained, as the Sovereign was, and still remains, the enactor of laws.

Due to his ardent Protestantism Edward did not want his Catholic sister Mary to succeed, but he was also preoccupied with male succession and with legitimacy, which in Mary's and Elizabeth's case was questionable as a result of Henry VIII's legislation.

These provisions, allowing primary legislation to be amended by secondary legislation, are known as Henry VIII clauses, because an early example of such a power was conferred on King Henry VIII by the Statute of Proclamations 1539.

When Peace River MLA William Archibald Rae introduced legislation to allow Imperial Oil to build a pipeline in the province, UFA President Henry Wise Wood sent Stewart a telegram of protest, as he believed that pipelines should be common carriers ; Stewart read it in the legislature, and Rae's bill was withdrawn.

* One of Jackson's last acts as Senator was to sponsor legislation creating what became the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, which was named after him after his death.

Under Queen Mary, Henry VIII's reformation legislation was overturned.

In Holden, Justice Henry Brown wrote that while " the police power cannot be put forward as an excuse for oppressive and unjust legislation, it may be lawfully resorted to for the purpose of preserving the public health, safety, or morals.

The first Act of Supremacy was a piece of legislation that granted King Henry VIII of England Royal Supremacy, which means that he was declared the supreme head of the Church of England.

He, however, opposed the attainder, made an eloquent speech on 21 April 1641, accentuating the weakness of Henry Vane's evidence against the prisoner, and showing the injustice of ex post facto legislation.

Richard II, however, was deposed ; his successor, Henry IV, rescinded the legislation and restored the standard of Edward III.

From the reign of Henry IV onwards, several new offences were made treasons ; most legislation on the subject was passed during the reign of Henry VIII.

The Irish Free State, whose consent to the Abdication Act was also required, neither gave it nor allowed the British legislation to take effect in the Free State's jurisdiction ; instead, the Irish parliament passed its own Act — the Executive Authority ( External Relations ) Act — the day after the Declaration of Abdication Act took force elsewhere, meaning Edward VIII, for one day, remained King of Ireland while George VI was king of all the other realms.

Neither the Instrument of Abdication signed by Edward VIII on 10 December 1936, nor the enabling legislation entitled Abdication Act of 11 December 1936, indicated whether the king was renouncing the privileges of royal birth as well as relinquishing the throne.

This is particularly the case where an Act empowers Ministers to use delegated legislation to amend primary legislation ( so-called " Henry VIII powers ").

The Coroners ' Act of 1887, section 29, therefore removed this requirement — in fact doing away with the idea of the verge altogether — and leaving only those parts of the Henry VIII legislation mentioned above.

In discussing the legislation to dissolve Dublin County Council, Avril Doyle TD said, " The Bill before us today effectively abolishes County Dublin, and as one born and bred in these parts of Ireland I find it rather strange that we in this House are abolishing County Dublin.

The claim is that hate-crime legislation effectively makes certain ideas or beliefs, including religious ones, illegal, in other words, thought crimes.

Under control of the effectively dictatorial Committee, the Convention quickly enacted more legislation.

Its 1907 constitution and laws had voter registration rules that effectively disfranchised most blacks ; this also barred them from serving on juries or in local office, a situation that lasted until federal civil rights legislation was passed by the US Congress in the mid-1960s.

Soon after, they effectively disfranchised most blacks, a situation that persisted until after the Civil Rights-era legislation of the mid-1960s.

States passed new constitutions or legislation which effectively disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites, established segregation of public facilities by race, and separated blacks from common public life and facilities.

No provision within the constitution grants the king an ability to veto legislation directly ; however, no provision prohibits the king from withholding royal assent, which effectively constitutes a veto.

The government of Canada passed back to work legislation during the 2011 Canada Post strike and the 2012 CP Rail strike, thus effectively ending the strikes.

On February 28, 2007 the parliament of the Balearic Islands, an autonomous province of Spain, passed the world's first legislation that would effectively grant legal personhood rights to all great apes.

No provision within the constitution invests the king with the ability to veto legislation directly, however no provision prohibits the king from withholding royal assent, effectively a veto.

No provision within the constitution invests the king with the ability to veto legislation directly, however no provision prohibits the king from withholding royal assent, effectively a veto.

On December 7, 2006, the House of Commons effectively reaffirmed the legislation by a vote of 175 to 123, defeating a Conservative government motion to examine the matter again.

In December 2002, a coroner's inquest into the death of Kimberly Rogers recommended numerous changes to the government's welfare legislation, which Community and Social Services Minister Brenda Elliott dismissed as unnecessary tinkering with a system that " was working effectively ".

The decisions effectively nullified the anti-avoidance legislation, and led to the proliferation of avoidance schemes in the 1970s, a result which drew much criticism upon the court.

In December 1995, the Madrid European Council revised the membership criteria to include conditions for member country integration through the appropriate adjustment of its administrative structures: since it is important that European Community legislation be reflected in national legislation, it is critical that the revised national legislation be implemented effectively through appropriate administrative and judicial structures.

Critics point out that this legislation effectively circumvents the Second Amendment of the constitution by linking an individual's right to own or possess firearms to a matter of irrelevance, and without the need for a trial and conviction in a court of law.

The first formal movement for a navy came from Rhode Island, whose State Assembly passed on August 26, 1775, a resolution instructing its delegates to Congress to introduce legislation calling " for building at the Continental expense a fleet of sufficient force, for the protection of these colonies, and for employing them in such a manner and places as will most effectively annoy our enemies ..." The measure in the Continental Congress was met with much derision, especially on the part of Maryland delegate Samuel Chase who exclaimed it to be " the maddest idea in the world.

He followed this by campaigning vigorously for the greatest piece of social legislation Ireland had yet seen, orchestrating the Wyndham Land Purchase Act ( 1903 ) through parliament, which effectively ended landlordism, solving the age old Irish Land Question.

The corridor is effectively " railbanked " under state legislation that allows for the potential reversion to rail usage in the future along with the creation of an alternative route for a cross-state non-motorized recreational trail.

When Democrats regained power in the late 1870s, they passed legislation making voter registration and elections more complicated, effectively stripping many blacks from voter rolls.

Although everyday matters under direct rule were handled by government departments within Northern Ireland itself, major policy was determined by the British Government's Northern Ireland Office, under the direction of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland ; and legislation was introduced, amended, or repealed by means of Order in Council ( effectively, rule by decree ).

Legal aid was extended, legislation was introduced which effectively combated discrimination against homosexuals, and the traditional powers of the juge d ’ instruction in the preparation of criminal cases was reduced.