The gay and lesbian rights movement in the 1970s and 1980s raised the issue by publicizing several noteworthy dismissals of gay servicemembers.

Various communities have worked not only together, but also independent of each other in various configurations including gay liberation, lesbian feminism, the queer movement and transgender activism.

Sociologist Mary Bernstein writes: " For the lesbian and gay movement, then, cultural goals include ( but are not limited to ) challenging dominant constructions of masculinity and femininity, homophobia, and the primacy of the gendered heterosexual nuclear family ( heteronormativity ).

Leaders of the lesbian and gay movement of the 1970s, 80s and 90s often attempted to hide masculine lesbians, feminine gay men, transgendered people, and bisexuals from the public eye, creating internal divisions within LGBT communities.

However, others within LGBT movements have criticised identity politics as limited and flawed, elements of the queer movement have argued that the categories of gay and lesbian are restrictive, and attempted to deconstruct those categories, which are seen to " reinforce rather than challenge a cultural system that will always mark the nonheterosexual as inferior.

As with Gay Liberation, this understanding of the lesbian potential in all women was at odds with the minority-rights framework of the Gay Rights movement.

Many women of the Gay Liberation movement felt frustrated at the domination of the movement by men and formed separate organisations ; some who felt gender differences between men and women could not be resolved developed " lesbian separatism ", influenced by writings such as Jill Johnston's 1973 book Lesbian Nation.

Magnus Hirschfeld's Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, which promoted tolerance for homosexuals in Germany, welcomed lesbian participation, and a surge of lesbian-themed writing and political activism in the German feminist movement became evident.

What followed was a movement characterized by a surge of gay activism and feminist consciousness that further transformed the definition of lesbian.

The Latin American lesbian movement has been the most active in Mexico, but has encountered similar problems in effectiveness and cohesion.

In the 1990s, the queercore movement developed around a number of punk bands with gay, lesbian, or bisexual members such as God Is My Co-Pilot, Pansy Division, Team Dresch, and Sister George.

The growth of lesbian feminism in the 1970s at times so conflicted with the gay liberation movement that some lesbians refused to work with gay men.

" In conjunction with the growing feminist movement of the early 1970s, roles of butch and femme that developed in lesbian bars in the 1950s and 1960s were rejected, because as one writer put it: " all role playing is sick ".

The civil rights movement, which began with Black movements in the United States as well as Women ’ s movements in Europe and the Americas was adopted by gay and lesbian organizations throughout the West, and yielded the first exploration of homosexuals within the context of the Holocaust.

Along similar lines, the gay and lesbian movement in the United States also utilized revisionism to write the narrative that had only just garnered an audience willing to validate it.

Not until the 1990s did it become common to speak of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people with equal respect within the movement.

Gay pride refers to a world wide movement and philosophy asserting that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender ( LGBT ) individuals should be proud of their sexual orientation and gender identity.

Within the movement for gay and lesbian rights, a debate between advocates of sexual liberation and of social integration was taking shape, with Andrew Sullivan publishing an essay " Here Comes the Groom " in The New Republic in August 1989 arguing for same-sex marriage: " A need to rebel has quietly ceded to a desire to belong ", he wrote.

Lorde observes that black women's experiences are different from those of white women, and that, because the experience of the white woman is considered normative, the black woman's experiences are marginalised ; similarly, the experiences of the lesbian ( and, in particular, the black lesbian ) are considered aberrational, not in keeping with the true heart of the feminist movement.

Psychological research in these areas has always been important to counteracting prejudicial attitudes and actions, and to the gay and lesbian rights movement generally.

Emerging out of the anarchist scene, at first the editors of J. D. s had chosen the appellation " homocore " to describe the movement but replaced the word homo with queer to better reflect the diversity of those involved, as well as to disassociate themselves completely from the confines of gay and lesbian orthodoxy.

The film has reached cult status for its mix of horror, vampirism and seduction with lesbian overtones.

Ross has three failed marriages during the series: Rachel, Emily, and Carol, a lesbian who is also the mother of his son, Ben ( Cole Sprouse ).

Carangi's sexual orientation has been disputed during and after her life ; LGBT outlets label her lesbian, and other times as bisexual due to her occasional sexual relationships with men.

Since Carangi's death, she has been considered a lesbian supermodel and icon and is said to have epitomized " lesbian chic " more than a decade before the term was coined.

This main theme has drawn a larger audience of women movie-goers to the theaters in modern times than ever historically recorded .< ref name = Spines > Movie makers also go as far as to integrate women relatable topics such as pregnancy, motherhood, lesbian relationships, and babysitting jobs into their films in order to gain even more female oriented audiences.

Some have expressed surprise that Heinz has responded to what they view as a small number of complainants, relative to the United Kingdom's 3. 6 million gay and lesbian consumers.

Since 1985, the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College has admitted gay and lesbian candidates for their rabbinical and cantorial programs.

A 1978 treatise about repression in Iran asserted that women were completely silenced: " In the whole of Iranian history, woman has been allowed to speak out for such tendencies ... To attest to lesbian desires would be an unforgivable crime.

The British activist Peter Tatchell says " The lesbian and gay community has a right to defend itself against public figures who abuse their power and influence to support policies which inflict suffering on homosexuals.

For this reason, Butler's work has been taken up by gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people because it re-imagines sexual and gender non-conformity — not to mention the way that heterosexual and cisgender norms are often reproduced in gay and lesbian culture and relationships — as a form of resistance to a heteronormative society that attempts ( but always fails ) to naturalize the relationships among sex, gender, and sexual orientation.

Historically, some cultures and religions accommodated, institutionalized, or revered, same-sex love and sexuality ; Several congregations have undertaken a series of organizational, procedural and practical steps to become acknowledged as a " Welcoming Congregation ": a congregation which has taken specific steps to welcome and integrate gay, lesbian, bisexual & transgender ( GLBT ) members.

Another major step: The Federation of Reconstructionist Congregations has also developed educational programs that teach the full acceptance of lesbians, as well as rituals that affirm lesbian relationships.

A lesbian KGB agent, Bea Taussig — who has unluckily fallen in love with Long — describes Gregory and his work to her KGB handler, Tanya Bisyarina.

Several congregations have undertaken a series of organizational, procedural and practical steps to become acknowledged as a " Welcoming Congregation ": a congregation which has taken specific steps to welcome and integrate gay, lesbian, bisexual & transgender ( GLBT ) members.

At Salon. com, Stephanie Zacharek writes that Dark Willow is " far from being a cut-out angry lesbian, is more fleshed out, and more terrifyingly alive, than she has ever been before.

When Willow discloses to Buffy what she feels for Tara, she indicates that she has fallen in love with Tara, not that she is a lesbian, and avoids categorizing herself.

The 1998 book Family Outing detailed how Bono's coming out " catapulted me into a political role that has transformed my life, providing me with affirmation as a lesbian, as a woman, and as an individual.

Lexington has one of the highest concentrations of gay and lesbian couples in the United States for a city its size.

* Reconstructionist Judaism has the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College, which is located in Pennsylvania and ordains women as well as men ( and lesbian and gay people ) as rabbis and cantors.

George Barna, a conservative Christian author and researcher, conducted a survey in the United States in 2009 that found gay and lesbian people having a Christian affiliation were more numerous than had been presumed.

In September 1969, Rodwell and local lesbian allies led by Ellen Broidy, attended an Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations ( ERCHO ) meeting in Philadelphia and got it to vote to replace the Fourth of July Annual Reminder at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, which ERCHO had been sponsoring since 1965, with a first commemoration of the Stonewall Riots.

Instead, lesbian relationships have often been regarded as harmless and incomparable to heterosexual ones unless the participants attempted to assert privileges traditionally enjoyed by men.

The increased mobility, sophistication, and independence of many women during and after the war made it possible for women to live without husbands, something that would not have been feasible under different economic and social circumstances, further shaping lesbian networks and environments.

However, lesbians who held a more essentialist view that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor " lesbian " to define sexual attraction, often considered the separatist, angry opinions of lesbian-feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights.

who moved in known lesbian or mixed gay circles, may well have been a lesbian.

Some women who identified as lesbian following colonization have been submitted to the curative effort of rape in the mindset that sex with men can fix lesbianism.

In a recent study of 2, 345 lesbian and bisexual women, only 9. 3 % had claimed they had ever been asked their sexual orientation by a physician.

Women who identify as lesbian report feeling significantly different and isolated during adolescence ; these emotions have been cited as appearing on average at 15 years old in lesbians and 18 years old in women who identify as bisexual.

A Russian citizen " had been apprehended by the Russian militia, registered at a clinic as a ' suspected lesbian ,' and forced to undergo treatment for lesbianism, such as ' sedative drugs ' and hypnosis ....

A number of other defendants were found not guilty, including Stuart Christie, who had previously been imprisoned in Spain for carrying explosives with the intent to assassinate the dictator Francisco Franco, and Angela Mason who became a director of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights group Stonewall and was awarded an OBE for services to homosexual rights.

Such worlds have been portrayed most often by lesbian or feminist authors ; their use of female-only worlds allows the exploration of female independence and freedom from patriarchy.

Such worlds have been portrayed most often by lesbian or feminist authors ; their use of female-only worlds allows the exploration of female independence and freedom from patriarchy.

He has since been followed by other gay and lesbian politicians in Parliament: Bloc Québécois MPs Réal Ménard and Raymond Gravel, fellow New Democrats Libby Davies and Bill Siksay, and Liberal Party of Canada MPs Scott Brison and Mario Silva, as well as Senators Laurier LaPierre and Nancy Ruth.