Array types are often implemented by array structures ; however, in some languages they may be implemented by hash tables, linked lists, search trees, or other data structures.

* Car ( function ), along with cdr, a primitive operation on linked lists in the LISP programming language

A set consists of circular linked lists where one record type, the set owner or parent, appears once in each circle, and a second record type, the subordinate or child, may appear multiple times in each circle.

Access to records is either sequential ( usually in each record type ) or by navigation in the circular linked lists.

* Merge sort can be adapted to operate on linked lists with O ( 1 ) extra space.

Heapsort can be adapted to operate on doubly linked lists with only O ( 1 ) extra space overhead.

With the lists of bishops to which Irenaeus referred, the later doctrine of the apostolic succession of the bishops could be linked.

For ordered lists that must be accessed sequentially, such as linked lists or files with variable-length records lacking an index, the average performance can be improved by giving up at the first element which is greater than the unmatched target value, rather than examining the entire list.

Common implementations are circular buffers and linked lists.

Other data structures, such as linked lists, sacrifice random access to make for efficient inserts, deletes, or reordering of data.

These registers point to linked lists in memory.

In computer science CDR coding is a compressed data representation for Lisp linked lists.

Unrolled linked lists are simpler and often higher-performance than CDR coding ( no " tagged pointers "; typically less fragmentation ).

Bucket sort may be used for many of the same tasks as counting sort, with a similar time analysis ; however, compared to counting sort, bucket sort requires linked lists, dynamic arrays or a large amount of preallocated memory to hold the sets of items within each bucket, whereas counting sort instead stores a single number ( the count of items ) per bucket.

DNSBLs are most often used to publish the addresses of computers or networks linked to spamming ; most mail server software can be configured to reject or flag messages which have been sent from a site listed on one or more such lists.

A common variation is to build linked lists of tokens where each token holds a single WME.

In this case, lists of WMEs for a partial match are represented by the linked list of tokens.

See the linked articles for lists of the primatial patriarchs of each church.

The pages linked in the right-hand column contain lists of volumes that are of the same order of magnitude ( power of ten ).

When cons cells are used to implement singly linked lists ( rather than trees and other more complicated structures ), the car operation returns the first element of the list, while cdr returns the rest of the list.

In Lisp, however, the cons cell is not used only to build linked lists but also to build pair and nested pair structures, i. e. the of a cons cell need not be a list.

The name list is also used for several concrete data structures that can be used to implement abstract lists, especially linked lists.

Gentian violet can be used for thrush in breastfeeding babies, but when used in large quantities, it can cause mouth and throat ulcerations, and has been linked to mouth cancer in humans and to cancer in the digestive tract of other animals.

In cursive handwriting, a large number of shorthand glyphs came to be used, where the cross-bar and the curved stroke were linked in various ways.

Language became increasingly linked to nation as opposed to culture, and was also used to promote religious and ethnic identity ( e. g. different Bible translations in the same language for Catholics and Protestants ).

Two important principles of constraint-induced aphasia therapy are that treatment is very intense, with sessions lasting for up to 6 hours over the course of 10 days and that language is used in a communication context in which it is closely linked to ( nonverbal ) actions.

The phrase " working capital " has also been used to refer to liquid assets ( money ) needed for immediate expenses linked to the production process ( to pay salaries, invoices, taxes, interests ...) Either way, the amount or nature of this type of capital usually changed during the production process.

The main difference between the GPL and the LGPL is that the latter allows the work to be linked with ( in the case of a library, ' used by ') a non -( L ) GPLed program, regardless of whether it is free software or proprietary software.

More recently, ethnic conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina and genocide in Rwanda have been described as mass-based hate crimes, but the term " hate crime " did not really begin to be used until after World War II and the end of most major government-sanctioned racial cleansing projects that had been linked with official fascism.

If a skip list is used, the insertion time is brought down to O ( log n ), and swaps are not needed because the skip list is implemented on a linked list structure.

The only method sometimes used was a mechanical one using linked multiple pens.

The term is generic, used for any unusual, threatening or strangely behaved individual whose appearance on the scene can be linked in some fashion with a UFO sighting.

Due to the issue, reports of soldiers being wounded were directly linked to the M16, which many soldiers felt was unreliable compared to its precursor, the M14, which used stick powder, varying from the M16's utilization of ball powder.

Several distinct but linked metabolic pathways are used by cells to transfer the energy released by breakdown of fuel molecules into ATP and other small molecules used for energy ( e. g. GTP, NADPH, FADH ).

State flags are those used officially by government agencies, whereas civil flags may be flown by anyone regardless of whether he / she is linked to government.

* Thiazolidinediones ( used for diabetes )-rosiglitazone and possibly pioglitazone, inhibitors of PPARγ, have been linked with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fracture.

Most commonly, the continuously linked backbone of a polymer used for the preparation of plastics consists mainly of carbon atoms.

By the end of the eighteenth century, for the few chemists who still used the term phlogiston, the concept was linked to hydrogen.

Specific sites linked to Robin Hood include the Major Oak tree, claimed to have been used by him as a hideout, Robin Hood's Well, located near Newstead Abbey ( within the boundaries of Sherwood Forest ), and the Church of St. Mary in the village of Edwinstowe, where Robin and Maid Marian are historically thought to have wed. To reinforce this belief, the University of Nottingham in 2010 has begun the Nottingham Caves Survey with the goal " to increase the tourist potential of these sites ".

So linked to this convention are the Doris Day / Rock Hudson movies that Down With Love, the only slightly tongue-in-cheek homage, used split screen in several phone calls, explicitly parodying this use.

Evidence of huge fires on the banks of the Avon between the two avenues also suggests that both circles were linked, and they were perhaps used as a procession route on the longest and shortest days of the year.

According to a broad definition of slavery used by Kevin Bales of Free the Slaves ( FTS ), an advocacy group linked with Anti-Slavery International, there were 27 million people in slavery in 1999, spread all over the world.

The whole issue is closely linked with, and in a sense depends upon, the widely used term security through diversity-the wide range of " long tail " minority products is clearly more diverse than a market leader in any product type, so a random attack will be less likely to succeed.

Selection sort can also be used on list structures that make add and remove efficient, such as a linked list.