Associations of galaxies can overcome this expansion on a local scale through their mutual gravitational attraction.

The high accelerations that rockets naturally possess means that rocket vehicles are often capable of vertical takeoff ; this can be done provided the vehicles engines provide more than the local gravitational acceleration away from the Earth or gravity source.

Its magnitude ( a scalar quantity ), often denoted by an italic letter W, is the product of the mass m of the object and the magnitude of the local gravitational acceleration g ; thus:.

: g is the local gravitational constant.

It is also known as the universal gravitational constant, Newton's constant, and colloquially as Big G. It should not be confused with " little g " ( g ), which is the local gravitational field ( equivalent to the free-fall acceleration ), especially that at the Earth's surface.

For real pendulums, corrections to the period may be needed to take into account the presence of air, the mass of the string, the size and shape of the bob and how it is attached to the string, flexibility and stretching of the string, motion of the support, and local gravitational gradients.

Since that time pendulums began to be used as precision gravimeters, taken on voyages to different parts of the world to measure the local gravitational acceleration.

Informally, the center of mass ( and center of gravity in a uniform gravitational field ) is the average of all points, weighted by the local density or specific weight.

where is the liquid-air surface tension ( force / unit length ), θ is the contact angle, ρ is the density of liquid ( mass / volume ), g is local gravitational field strength ( force / unit mass ), and r is radius of tube ( length ).

In general, the convergence of gravitational fields in the universe dictates the scale at which one might consider such ( local ) inertial frames.

When two observers are in relative uniform motion and uninfluenced by any gravitational mass, the point of view of each will be that the other's ( moving ) clock is ticking at a slower rate than the local clock.

From a local perspective, time registered by clocks that are at rest with respect to the local frame of reference ( and far from any gravitational mass ) always appears to pass at the same rate.

There is still some disagreement in a sense, because all the observers believe their own local clocks are correct, but the direction and ratio of gravitational time dilation is agreed by all observers, independent of their altitude.

This is because the sea is in constant motion, affected by the high and low pressure zones above it, the tides, local gravitational differences, and so forth.

A gravimeter or gravitometer, is an instrument used in gravimetry for measuring the local gravitational field.

Jumps are normally made to and from points far above a solar system's ecliptic, usually where the gravitational influence in the system is most stable ; however, so-called " pirate points " exist where local gravitational pull is stable enough to used ; though quicker, using such points is also more dangerous due the random appearance of so-called " Lagrange points ".

As well as obeying local energy-momentum conservation, the EFE reduce to Newton's law of gravitation where the gravitational field is weak and velocities are much less than the speed of light.

There is no diminution of atmosphere from one level to the next, due to Jadawin's manipulation of the local gravitational fields.

In general relativity, the Einstein curvature tensor models local gravitational forces, and it is equal ( up to a gravitational constant ) to the stress-energy tensor

In this local coordinate system the acceleration resembles the expression for nonuniform circular motion with the local radius ρ ( s ), and the centripetal acceleration is identified as the second term.

The power available from falling water can be calculated from the flow rate and density of water, the height of fall, and the local acceleration due to gravity.

The lightness number, λ, is the dimensionless ratio of maximum vehicle acceleration divided by the sun's local gravity ; using the values at 1 AU:

In theory, the precise acceleration would vary, and the measurement would have to be recalibrated against the local value ; in weightless conditions, this kind of measurement would not be possible.

can be calculated from the specific impulse, I < sub > sp </ sub >, where ( when I < sub > sp </ sub > is in seconds and g < sub > n </ sub > is the standard, not local, acceleration of gravity ), Using the J-2 on the S-IVB as a baseline design, we have P = ( 1014 kN )( 414 s )( 9. 81 m / s < sup > 2 </ sup >)/ 2

where L is the length of the pendulum and g is the local acceleration of gravity.

The acceleration is local acceleration of gravity g. At this point one must remember that while these quantities appear to be scalars, the direction of displacement, speed and acceleration is important.

A Kater's pendulum is a reversible freeswinging pendulum invented by British physicist and army captain Henry Kater in 1817 for use as a gravimeter instrument to measure the local acceleration of gravity.

Pendulums were so universally used to measure gravity that, in Kater's time, the local strength of gravity was usually expressed not by the value of the acceleration g which is now used, but by the length at that location of the seconds pendulum, a pendulum with a period of two seconds, so each swing takes one second.

The greater the water depth ( or pressure for a water pipe ) at which the fluid acceleration occurs, the less the tendency for cavitation because of the greater difference between local pressure and vapour pressure.

where I < sub > sp </ sub > is the fuel's specific impulse in seconds and g < sub > n </ sub > is the standard acceleration of gravity ( note that this is not the local acceleration of gravity ).

Put another way, at any point in spacetime the equivalence principle guarantees the existence of a local inertial frame, and an accelerometer measures the acceleration relative to that frame.

For the practical purpose of finding the acceleration of objects with respect to the Earth, such as for use in an inertial navigation system, a knowledge of local gravity is required.

`` The committee continues to feel that Florida has progressed in a sound and equitable program at both the state and local levels in its efforts to review and assess transition problems as they arise from time to time in the entire spectrum of civil rights ''.

We had assumed that at least this local legislative body had nothing to hide, and, therefore, had no objections to making the deliberations of its committees and the city commissions available to the public.

At that time, he afforded me the courtesy of his busy workday for such length as I may need, to speak about my background, my hopes, my views on various national and local topics, and any problems that I may have been vexed with at the time.

This financial assistance from the state has become necessary because the local governments themselves found the property tax, or at least at the rates then existing, insufficient for their requirements.

Consequently there have developed several forms of grants-in-aid and shared taxes, as well as the unrestricted grant to local governments for general purposes whose adoption accompanied the introduction of a sales tax at the state level.

In June, the Office of Foreign and Domestic Commerce -- in conjunction with local trade associations, chambers of commerce, and bank officials -- sponsored a World Trade Conference at the Sheraton-Biltmore Hotel.

He claims that he was denied due process of law in violation of the Fifth Amendment, because ( 1 ) at a hearing before a hearing officer of the Department of Justice, he was not permitted to rebut statements attributed to him by the local board, and ( 2 ) at the trial, he was denied the right to have the hearing officer's report and the original report of the Federal Bureau of Investigation as to his claim.

He says that he was not permitted to rebut before the hearing officer statements attributed to him by the local board, and, further, that he was denied at trial the right to have the Department of Justice hearing officer's report and the original report of the Federal Bureau of Investigation as to his claim -- all in violation of the Fifth Amendment.

Class 2, stations operating on clear channels are required to cease operation or operate under nighttime restrictions beginning either at local sunset ( for daytime class 2, stations ) or sunset at the location of the dominant class 1, station where located west of the class 2, station ( for limited-time class 2, stations ).

Dwellers thereabouts preferred to get their apple pies at the local bakery, which had a brick oven fired with redwood billets.

Will your local bus company erect and/or maintain the bus stops at your plant??

However, technical difficulties arise by melting at local hot spots.

they have established reasonably stable and effective governmental institutions at national and local levels ; ;

Federal assistance is limited to half of the total expenditure, and the state or local districts must pay at least half.

A training program in a depressed area may have few enrollees unless there is some apparent prospect for better employment opportunities afterwards, and the prospect may be poor if the training is aimed solely at jobs in the local community.

Geometric pottery has not yet received the thorough, detailed study which it deserves, partly because the task is a mammoth one and partly because some of its local manifestations, as at Argos, are only now coming to light.

As the material at the command of the potters grew and the volume of their production increased, the local variations within a common style became more evident.

ground meats are usually prepared from scrap meats at the local level, whereas irradiation at economic volumes of production would require central processing and distribution facilities.

One of the reasons for the high percentage of Jewish teen-agers in college is that a great many urban Jews are enabled to attend local colleges at modest cost.

The next stage ahead is that of making it thoroughly at home in the local community.

Many local citizens feared that there would be irregularities at the polls, and Williams got himself a permit to carry a gun and promised an orderly election.