The royal courts operated alongside and in competition with ecclesiastic, manorial, urban, mercantile, and local courts.

In 1807, President Thomas Jefferson's embargo crippled local mercantile trade, and by the Civil War, Stage Neck had deteriorated into a ramshackle slum.

It features collections of local Native American pottery, household items, costumes, ranching and farming equipment, agricultural and mercantile operations, and home life.

In its early the years the town saw the development of a tannery, wagon makers and undertaker, mercantile interests, a pottery, and a local newspaper.

Members of the mercantile community were in an uproar as they felt the ensuing confusion and inconvenience of having no local courts would disrupt commercial activity.

A conscious choice was also to focus on mercantile and international news, rather than report on too many local issues which might cause controversy with the local and national governments.

The Australian Red Ensign resulted from the 1901 Commonwealth Government Federal Flag Design Competition which required two entries: a flag for official use by the Commonwealth Government and one for the use of State and local governments, mercantile marine, private organisations and individuals.

He was born near Salem, Salem County, New Jersey, December 21, 1744 ; completed preparatory studies ; engaged in mercantile pursuits ; served as captain in the Continental Army ; held several local offices ; member of the New Jersey General Assembly in 1777, 1782, 1784, 1785, 1787, and 1788 ; elected to the First Congress ( March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1791 ); elected as a Federalist to the Fifth Congress ( March 4, 1797 – March 3, 1799 ); died in Salem, N. J., May 15, 1817 ; interment in St. John's Episcopal Cemetery, in Salem.

There is some evidence for mercantile centres in Islay, Gigha, Kintyre and Knapdale, and in the fourteenth century there was constant trade between the Isles, Ireland and England under the patronage of local lords.

To guard against the tyranny of a numerical majority, Calhoun developed his theory of `` concurrent majority '', which, he said, `` by giving to each portion of the community which may be unequally affected by the action of government, a negative on the others, prevents all partial or local legislation ''.

In this domain the simple fact of coexistence in the same local, national, and world community is enough to guarantee that we cannot refrain from having some effect, large or small, upon Gentile-Jewish relations.

The opportunity exists for states to reserve some of their vocational education funds to apply on an ad hoc flexible basis to subsidize any local preemployment training programs that may be quickly set up in a community to aid a new industrial plant.

A training program in a depressed area may have few enrollees unless there is some apparent prospect for better employment opportunities afterwards, and the prospect may be poor if the training is aimed solely at jobs in the local community.

The next stage ahead is that of making it thoroughly at home in the local community.

The achievement of the desegregation of certain lunch counters not only by wise action by local community leaders but by voluntary action following consultation between Attorney General Rogers and the heads of certain national chain stores should, of course, be applauded.

The local community maintains responsibility for the financial support of its own library program, facilities, and services, but wider resources and additional services become available through membership in a system.

Schools and community groups turn to the headquarters film library for documentary, art, and experimental films to show at libraries that sponsor local programs, and to organizations in member communities.

Accordingly, assistive technology can be found in sports ranging from local community recreation to elite Paralympic games.

There are great restoration projects underway around New Zealand and many organisations including community groups, landowners, conservation organisations, iwi, volunteers, schools, local businesses, nurseries and councils are involved in them.

N11 prefixes such as 211, 311 and 511 are also often disappearing as test numbers as these codes are reassigned to local services such as community information, city hall, road conditions or non-emergency police inquiries.

In the narrower sense environmental activists that align themselves with Earth First or Road Protestors would commonly be labelled activists, whilst a local community fighting to stop their park or green being sold off or built on would fit the broader application, due to their using similar means to similarly conservative ends.

Twenty-eight members signed Abba Mari's letter of approval ; the others, under Tibbon's leadership, addressed another letter to Ben Adret, rebuking him and his colleagues for condemning a whole community without knowledge of the local conditions.

Military air firms often organise air shows at military airfields as a public relations exercise to thank the local community, promote military careers and raise the profile of the military.

His early work in scrutinizing the use of local, exchange and trunk telephone line usage in a small community, to understand the theoretical requirements of an efficient network led to the creation of the Erlang formula, which became a foundational element of present day telecommunication network studies.

The Council using funding from the Single Regeneration Budget appointed URBED ( Urban, Built, Environment Design ), consultants based in Manchester to help the Council, our partners and the local community develop a new vision for Accrington town centre.

Bodmin is also the home of Localfusion ; a community based local business network geared to provide information on Cornish news, events and social groups.

They are taking form in independent bookstores, coffeehouses, local pubs, and through new and innovative means to create the social capital needed to foster the sense and spirit of community.

Some communities have developed their own " Local Exchange Trading Systems " ( LETS ) and local currencies, such as the Ithaca Hours system, to encourage economic growth and an enhanced sense of community.

# Communities of culture: range from the local clique, sub-culture, ethnic group, religious, multicultural or pluralistic civilisation, or the global community cultures of today.

Examples of local community include:

is an example of a small town which constitutes a local community.

The name derives from the fact that community colleges primarily attract and accept students from the local community, and are often supported by local tax revenue.

A weekly newspaper reported a local romance: `` and the couple were married last Saturday, thus ending a friendship which began in their schooldays ''.

The International Time Bureau ( BIH ) began a time scale, T < sub > m </ sub > or AM, in July 1955, using both local caesium clocks and comparisons to distant clocks using the phase of VLF radio signals.

The political push to increase cooperation among the then-loyal colonies began with the Albany Congress in 1754 and Benjamin Franklin's proposed intercolonial collaboration to help solve mutual local problems themselves ; the Articles of Confederation would bear some resemblance to it.

In the nineteenth century, Nicholas Stark und Peter Paul Dollinger began a collection based on local history.

By the age of twenty, Ferdinando I, Duke of Mantua, began commissioning works from him, and he was also employed by local jewelers for figurative designs.

Australian rules football, officially known as Australian football, also called football, footy or Aussie rules However, late in the century the code began to decline in New South Wales and Queensland largely due to competition with other more popular football codes, as well as interstate rivalries and the lack of strong local governing bodies.

* 1980s: Accompanying the spread of the personal computer in family homes (" Famikon "), local shops increasingly began to deal in video games, and major gaming chain stores appeared on the market.

Further industrialisation then followed in the late eighteenth century and local landowners began building mansions in the area on the outskirts of the settlement where their mills were located while their employees lived in overcrowded unsanitary conditions in the centre.

The Afghan army began their conquests by capturing Ghazni and Kabul from the local rulers.

It was during this period that Victoria began to depend on her servant John Brown, a local ghillie from Crathie who became one of her closest companions during her long mourning.

The local media often cover the event, mentioning how early the shoppers began queueing up, providing video of shoppers queueing and later leaving with their purchased items.

In 1994 local residents began to organise street patrols forcing the prostitutes and street criminals out of the area.

Saint Sava began the work on the Serbian Nomocanon in 1208 while being at Mount Athos, using The Nomocanon in Fourteen Titles, Synopsis of Stefan the Efesian, Nomocanon of John Scholasticus, Ecumenical Councils ' documents, which he modified with the canonical commentaries of Aristinos and John Zonaras, local church meetings, rules of the Holy Fathers, the law of Moses, translation of Prohiron and the Byzantine emperors ' Novellae ( most were taken from Justinian's Novellae ).

Once judges began to regard each other's decisions to be binding precedent, the pre-Norman system of local customs and law varying in each locality was replaced by a system that was ( at least in theory, though not always in practice ) common throughout the whole country, hence the name " common law.

Large scale shipbuilding began in the 1790s, beginning with schooners for local trade moving in the 1820s to larger brigs and brigantines, mostly built for British shipowners.

In this period, local military leaders used by the Zhou began to assert their power and vie for hegemony.

Caltech began as a vocational school founded in Pasadena in 1891 by local businessman and politician Amos G. Throop.

Into the late 1960s, nationally televised, multi-cultural concerts held in Ottawa were added, and the fête became known as Festival Canada ; after 1980 the Canadian government began to promote the celebrating of Dominion Day beyond the national capital, giving grants and aid to cities across the country to help fund local activities.

The Scoville Memorial Libraries collection began in 1771, when Richard Smith, owner of a local blast furnace, used community contributions to buy 200 books in London.

Meanwhile, a human spaceship that was sent out to space long ago when the planetary winter began crashes in some foreign planet and the local civilization buries all evidence of the accident.

In the 2nd century, Christianity began to spread to the rural areas, and scriptures were translated into the local language, namely Coptic.

He began buying time on a local Los Angeles television station in the early 1950s to run infomercials for his " Criswell Family Vitamins ".

Dolly Parton began performing as a child, singing on local radio and television programs in the Eastern Tennessee area.

Shortly afterward, Spanish citizens, unhappy at the usurpation of the throne by the French, began organizing local juntas loyal to Ferdinand.

The second chapter in Ecuador's struggle for emancipation from Spanish colonial rule began in Guayaquil, where independence was proclaimed in October 1820 by a local patriotic junta under the leadership of the poet José Joaquín de Olmedo.