This was primarily a political strategy designed to give the Conservative party control of the reform process and the subsequent long-term benefits in the Commons, similar to those derived by the Whigs after their 1832 Reform Act.

Furthermore, demand in the developing world for improved educational access is not as high as one would expect as governments avoid the recurrent costs involved and there is economic pressure on those parents who prefer their children making money in the short term over any long-term benefits of education.

Problems with integrating therapeutic DNA into the genome and the rapidly dividing nature of many cells prevent gene therapy from achieving any long-term benefits.

* growing support among doctors and insurance companies due to the benefits contributing to reducing the incidence of long-term complications.

The diversion of resources to build highways, theatres, hotels, airports, and other facilities in order to host the Thirteenth World Festival of Youth and Students in July 1989, must have had a negative impact on industrial and agricultural development, although the expansion and improvement of social infrastructure have resulted in some long-term economic benefits.

He thought these measures would encourage domestic production, and so promote long-term benefits.

By 1922, Harding began to realize that the long-term effects of tariffs could be detrimental to national economy, despite the short-term benefits.

It did not recommend the use of ECT as a maintenace therapy in depressive illness as " the long-term benefits and risks ... had not been clearly established ".

The best course of action, they argued, was a long-term plan devised by national experts to maximize the long-term economic benefits of natural resources.

To raise the living standards of those dependant on national insurance benefits, the government index-linked short-term benefits to the rate of inflation, while pensions and long-term benefits were tied to increases in prices or earnings, whichever was higher.

Roosevelt told his cabinet that this criticism moved him to end the program and replace it with the WPA which would have long-term value for the society, in addition to short-term benefits for the unemployed.

Overall, positive romantic relationships among adolescents can result in long-term benefits.

Kentucky NewGas is a state-of-the-art energy center that will transform Kentucky coal into clean natural gas, while creating 500 long-term jobs and $ 100 million in annual economic benefits.

These large institutional investors need to protect the long-term value of their investments from inflationary debasement of currency and market fluctuations, and provide recurrent cash flows to pay for retiree benefits in the short-medium term: from that perspective, think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council ( WPC ) have argued that infrastructure is an ideal asset class that provides tangible advantages such as long duration ( facilitating cash flow matching with long-term liabilities ), protection against inflation and statistical diversification ( low correlation with ‘ traditional ’ listed assets such as equity and fixed income investments ), thus reducing overall portfolio volatility.

One study in Bangladesh showed that cycle rickshaw driving was connected with some increases in income for poor agricultural laborers who moved to urban areas, but that the extreme physical demands of the job meant that these benefits decreased for long-term drivers.

Pharmaceutical care has many benefits that may include but are not limited to: decreased medication errors ; increased patient compliance in medication regimen ; better chronic disease state management ; strong pharmacist-patient relationship ; and decreased long-term costs of medical care.

* To bring the benefits of international engagement to American citizens and institutions by helping them build strong long-term relationships with their counterparts overseas ;

They wanted to reduce waste ; emphasized the value of natural beauty for tourism and ample wildlife for hunters ; and argued that careful management would not only enhance these goals but also increase the long-term economic benefits to society by planned harvesting and environmental protections.

Barnett and Hustedt ( 2005 ) reviewed the literature and stated that " Our review finds mixed, but generally positive, evidence regarding Head Start's long-term benefits.

Marvin Bower, McKinsey's long-term director, has mentioned the benefits of a consultant's externality, that they have varied experience outside the client company.

Merrill Peterson, Jefferson's otherwise very favorable biographer, emphasizes the negative long-term impact of the Resolutions, calling them " dangerous " and a product of " hysteria ":

This Act was created to promote employment of older persons based on their ability rather than age ; to prohibit arbitrary age discrimination in employment ; to help employers and workers find ways of meeting problems arising from the impact of age on employment because in the face of rising productivity and affluence, older workers find themselves disadvantaged in their efforts to retain employment, and especially to regain employment when displaced from jobs ; the setting of arbitrary age limits regardless of potential for job performance has become a common practice, and certain otherwise desirable practices may work to the disadvantage of older persons ; the incidence of unemployment, especially long-term unemployment with resultant deterioration of skill, morale, and employer acceptability is, relative to the younger ages, high among older workers ; their numbers are great and growing ; and their employment problems grave ; and the existence in industries affecting commerce, of arbitrary discrimination in employment because of age, burdens commerce and the free flow of goods in commerce.

The unique funding environment of the IRP facilitates opportunities to conduct both long-term and high-impact science that would otherwise be difficult to undertake.

One such method is-greedy, when the agent chooses the action that it believes has the best long-term effect with probability, and it chooses an action uniformly at random, otherwise.

Although such treatments have been performed for several decades now, the long-term effects have not been studied or declared safe to use on a large scale on otherwise healthy women.

Some were kidnapped (" blackbirded ") or otherwise induced into long-term indentured service.

In 1992, economist Milton Friedman concluded that abandonment of the bimetallic standard in 1873 led to greater price instability than would have occurred otherwise, and thus resulted in long-term harm to the US economy.

The ward urged residents to plant flowers facing the street, with the long-term goal of increasing neighborhood watchfulness ( necessitated by watering and otherwise attending to the plants ).

In May 1914, when James Deering, the International Harvester heir, and his travelling companion and long-term artistic advisor Paul Chalfin, a decorative painter and interior decorator who once worked for Elsie de Wolfe, were lent one of the smaller casinas at La Pietra, Acton commissioned Suarez to take them around and show them some villas they would not otherwise have had access to.

That is, while it does no actual healing unless actively employed, long-term proximity to the blade will make a person healthier than otherwise.

No long-term romantic relationships have otherwise been established, though there was a brief flirtation with fellow CSI Warrick Brown, ending with his marriage, which she described as the end of a " fantasy ".

Because these methods are diverse and use data from such different sources, the problem of integrating them into a coherent argument has been a long-term issue for archaeoastronomers.

It has been argued that long-term use of hypnotics and overprescribing of these drugs represents an unjustifiable risk, especially to the elderly, and is harmful for the public health in general.

Known as backpropagating action potentials, these signals depolarize the dendritic arbor and provide a crucial component toward synapse modulation and long-term potentiation.

Significantly, long-term follow-up of these trials did not show a prolonged benefit of AZT, but also did not indicate that the drug increased disease progression or mortality.

Some have seen it more as an aspiration, which has been successfully realised in the short term by commitment to the principles of subsidiarity and solidarity ( these being built into financially independent local cooperatives and small family businesses ), though proponents also cite such periods as the Middle Ages as examples of the historical long-term viability of distributism.

Note that these drugs do not treat hyperthyroidism or any of its long-term effects if left untreated, but, rather, they treat or reduce only symptoms of the condition.

A review of the literature regarding benzodiazepine hypnotic and Z drugs concluded that these drugs caused an unjustifiable risk to the individual and to public health, and lack evidence of long-term effectiveness due to tolerance.

However, these materials do not yet have the long-term proven service life of glass and porcelain.

His major innovations were to blend these traditional elements in a new way, to systematize the approach to battle, and to standardize organization, methods and weapons, particularly in his adoption of the ilkwa-the Zulu thrusting spear, unique long-term regimental units, and the " buffalo horns " formation.

The rotation of morphine with chemically dissimilar opioids in the long-term treatment of pain will slow down the growth of tolerance in the longer run, particularly agents known to have significantly incomplete cross-tolerance with morphine such as levorphanol, ketobemidone, piritramide, and methadone and its derivatives ; all of these drugs also have NMDA antagonist properties.

The metabolism of insects is sufficiently different from mammals that these compounds have little effect on humans and other mammals at proper doses ; but there is considerable concern about the effects of long-term exposure to these chemicals by farm workers and animals alike.

At this time, there is no test to evaluate the long-term effects of these components on photographs.

Some people from these groups claim to have suffered serious long-term harm to their health from using fluoroquinolones.

* Supply chain management is the systematic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole ( Mentzer et al., 2001 ).

Together, these findings show that long-term memory and short-term memory can vary independently of each other.

Bjork and Whitten hypothesized that these results could be attributed to the memory processes at work for long-term memory retrieval versus short-term memory retrieval.

" In management theory, the Chandler definition is typical: "... the determination of the basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals ".

Activities in these fields are strictly aligned with the priorities of the current United Nations Development Decade and related multilateral declarations, and reflected in the long-term vision statement, business plan and mid-term programme frameworks of UNIDO.

There can be many of these, there is no limit to activation of representations in long-term memory.

It is important to note that practicing memory skills such as these does not expand working memory capacity proper: It is the capacity to transfer ( and retrieve ) information from long-term memory that is improved, according to Ericsson and Kintsch ( 1995 ; see also Gobet & Simon, 2000 ).

The ways in which these two sources are interpreted often relies on the individuals specific political ideology formed by the long-term factors.

The question remains whether these changes are the causes or consequences of long-term insomnia.