For low-frequency radiation ( radio waves to visible light ) the best-understood effects are those due to radiation power alone, acting through the effect of simple heating when the radiation is absorbed by the cell.

On the Suitcase model the signal is processed through a " StereoVibrato ", a low-frequency pan oscillation ( actually a tremolo, but Leo Fender insisted on calling it vibrato, like on his amplifiers ) effects unit, which pans the signal back and forth between right and left channels.

The most elaborate mode in common use involves five channels for normal-range speakers () ( right front, center, left front, rear right, rear left ) and one channel ( allotted audio ) for the subwoofer driven low-frequency effects.

These configurations optionally include the extra low-frequency effects ( LFE ) channel.

In 2004, author Jon Ronson cited an unclassified military report titled " Non-Lethal Weapons: Terms and References " 21 acoustic weapons were listed, in various stages of development, including the Infrasound (" Very low-frequency sound which can travel long distances and easily penetrate most buildings and vehicles ... biophysical effects are projected to be: nausea, loss of bowels, disorientation, vomiting, potential internal organ damage or death may occur.

Finally a set of speakers, at least two, are needed but more common are anywhere from six to eight with a subwoofer for bass or low-frequency effects.

Available features include storage compartments, snack trays, tactile transducers for low-frequency effects, and electric motors to adjust the chair.

It is possible to change the spatial effects of stereo sound on headphones to better approximate the presentation of speaker reproduction by using frequency-dependent cross-feed between the channels, or — better still — a Blumlein shuffler ( a custom EQ employed to augment the low-frequency content of the difference information in a stereo signal ).

Because the low-frequency effects channel requires only a fraction of the bandwidth of the other audio channels, it is referred to as the ". 1 " channel ; for example " 5. 1 " or " 7. 1 ".

It allows the transport of up to five channels of sound with a sixth channel for low-frequency effects ( the so-called " 5. 1 " configuration ).

It uses five full bandwidth channels and one low-frequency effects channel ( the " point one ").

Using a low-frequency oscillation signal as a means of modulating another signal introduces complexities into the resulting sound, such that a variety of effects can be achieved.

The basic and most common version of the format is a 5. 1-channel system, similar to a Dolby Digital setup, which encodes the audio as five primary ( full-range ) channels plus a special LFE ( low-frequency effects ) channel for the subwoofer.

Home replay systems, however, may not have a separate subwoofer, so modern home surround decoders and systems often include a bass management system that allows bass on any channel ( main or LFE ) to be fed only to the loudspeakers that can handle low-frequency signals.

From 1976 onwards many 70 mm prints used Dolby noise reduction on the magnetic tracks but Dolby disapproved of the " spread " and instead re-allocated the 6 available tracks to provide for left, center and right screen channels, left and right surround channels plus a " low-frequency enhancement " channel to give more body to low-frequency bass.

This layout came to be known as " 5. 1 " ( the " point one " is the low-frequency enhancement channel ) and was subsequently adopted for digital sound systems used with 35 mm.

Surround replay systems may make use of bass management, the fundamental principle of which is that bass content in the incoming signal, irrespective of channel, should be directed only to loudspeakers capable of handling it, whether the latter are the main system loudspeakers or one or more special low-frequency speakers called subwoofers.

They decided on a system to monitor low-frequency sound in the SOFAR channel using multiple listening sites equipped with hydrophones and a processing facility that could detect submarine positions by triangulation over hundreds of miles.

Instead of the 5 screen channels and one surround channel of the Todd-AO format, Dolby Stereo 70 mm Six Track provided three screen channels, two surround channels and a low-frequency enhancement channel.

Mysterious low-frequency sounds, attributed to humpback whales and other baleen whales, are a common occurrence in the channel.

Structurally decoupling the drywall panels from each other ( by using resilient channel, steel studs, a staggered-stud wall, or a double stud wall ) can yield an STC as high as 63 or more for a double stud wall ( see table below ), with good low-frequency transmission loss as well.

It is these cells that are responsible for the low-frequency chromosomal gene transfers that occur in such cultures.

* A low-frequency oscillator ( LFO ) is an electronic oscillator that generates a frequency below ≈ 20 Hz.

The scale of the nucleation zone is uncertain, with some evidence, such as the rupture dimensions of the smallest earthquakes, suggesting that it is smaller than 100 m while other evidence, such as a slow component revealed by low-frequency spectra of some earthquakes, suggest that it is larger.

Modulation of a sine waveform is used to transform a baseband message signal into a passband signal, for example low-frequency audio signal into a radio-frequency signal ( RF signal ).

That is, the capacitive component of the input impedance inserts a DC zero and a low-frequency pole that gives the circuit a bandpass or high-pass characteristic.

However, if the electromagnetic radiation hitting the metal cap does not have a high enough frequency ( its frequency is below the threshold value for the cap ), then the leaf will never discharge, no matter how long one shines the low-frequency light at the cap.

Motor noise, generally heard as low-frequency rumble, is greatly reduced.

This buzzing is particularly familiar from low-frequency ( 50 Hz or 60 Hz ) mains hum, and high-frequency ( 15, 734 Hz ( NTSC ) or 15, 625 Hz ( PAL )) CRT noise.

The method is called low-frequency heating ( LFH ) since the current is injected at a much lower frequency than the nominal of the grid, which is normally 50 or 60 Hz.

Versailles is served by Versailles – Chantiers station, which is an interchange station on Paris RER line C, on the Transilien La Défense suburban rail line, on the Transilien Paris – Montparnasse suburban rail line, and on several national rail lines, including low-frequency TGV service.

Delay encoding is used primarily for encoding radio signals because the frequency spectrum of the encoded signal contains less low-frequency energy than a conventional non-return-to-zero ( NRZ ) signal and less high-frequency energy than a biphase signal.

In low-frequency applications involving loaded or nonloaded vertical antennas, the effective height is the moment of the current distribution in the vertical section, divided by the input current.

The electro-optic effect is the change in the refractive index resulting from applications of a dc or low-frequency electric field.

Note: Frequency frogging is accomplished by having modulators, which are integrated into specially designed repeaters, translate a low-frequency group to a high-frequency group, and vice versa.

Simple shielding of this type is not greatly effective against low-frequency magnetic fields, however-such as magnetic " hum " from a nearby power transformer.

The number of subwoofer enclosures used in a concert depends on a number of factors, including the size of the venue, whether it is indoors or outdoors, the amount of low-frequency content in the band's sound, the desired volume of the concert, and the design and construction of the enclosures ( e. g., direct-radiating versus horn-loaded.

An isolating transformer or blocking capacitor can be used to couple a coaxial cable to equipment, where it is desirable to pass radio-frequency signals but to block direct current or low-frequency power.

The name is derived from the high pitched sounds made by some birds, especially in contrast to the low woofs made by many dogs, after which low-frequency drivers are named ( woofers ).

A paper published in January 2012 discussed the European New Gravitational wave Observatory ( NGO ) mission ( derived from the previous LISA proposal ) and referred to this derivative proposal by an informal name “ eLISA ”, and proposed that it will survey in the low-frequency gravitational wave band ( about 0. 1 mHz to 1 Hz ) with sufficient sensitivity to detect interesting individual astrophysical sources out to cosmological distances represented by a redshift z = 15.

The group's name is derived from the abbreviation for the term low-frequency oscillator, a synthesizer function widely used in electronic music.

The British electronic music group LFO take their name directly from the low-frequency oscillator.

The Hum is a generic name for a series of phenomena involving a persistent and invasive low-frequency humming noise not audible to all people.