However, usage differs from this in German, where an upper-case letter may be used only if the sentence after the colon could stand alone without the preceding sentence ( otherwise one may judge freely according to the relative independence of the two assertions ), and in Dutch, where an upper-case letter must be used if the colon is followed by a quotation or an enumeration of complete sentences, although in all other cases a lower-case letter should be used.

The above method has the disadvantage that it can deviate from the standard alphabetical order that human users would expect, particularly due to the unexpected ordering of capital letters before all lower-case ones ( and possibly the unexpected treatment of spaces and other non-letter characters ).

It first appeared in the sequence ii ( as in ingeníí ) in Latin manuscripts of the 11th century, then spread to i adjacent to m, n, u, and later spread to all lower-case i. The j, which separated from the i later, inherited the " dot ".

* Several gay rights organizations, such as Lambda Legal, and the Lambda Literary Award derive their names from the use of a lower-case lambda as a symbol for gay and lesbian rights.

The adjective " abelian ", derived from his name, has become so commonplace in mathematical writing that it is conventionally spelled with a lower-case initial " a " ( e. g., abelian group, abelian category, and abelian variety ).

The unit is written lower-case, while the symbol of the unit ( Torr ) is capitalized ( as upper-case ), as is customary in metric units derived from names.

The ZX Spectrum character set was expanded from that of the ZX81, which did not feature lower-case letters.

Case-insensitive operations are sometimes said to fold case, from the idea of folding the character code table so that upper-and lower-case letters coincide.

These are two forms of the lower-case Greek letter phi φ ( n ) is from Gauss ' 1801 treatise Disquisitiones Arithmeticae.

Carolingian minuscule was used to produce many of the manuscripts from monasteries until the eleventh century and most lower-case letters of today's European scripts derive from it.

The one exception is the lower-case letter e: that letter is used so often that the 90 channel magazine actually has 91 channels, with two channels ( the leftmost two ) both used for the letter e. Similarly, the 72 channel magazine actually has 73 channels, with the leftmost two being used for lower-case e. Consecutive keystrokes on the e key release matrices alternately from the two e channels in the magazine.

The DCC-Studio application however was a useful application that made it possible to copy audio from tape to hard disk and vice versa, edit track titles on the PC keyboard ( so all lower-case and upper-case characters and symbols were available ) and write them to tape all at once, edit audio by cutting and pasting fragments, and automatically record mix-tapes.

These terms, with lower-case O, and thus distinguished from the term Orthodox Church, have been used to distinguish the true Church from heretical groups.

They view this understanding of " catholic "— often but not always written with a lower-case " c "— as necessarily distinct from any concrete expression in an institutional church.

A significantly different band from the original 1992 four-piece, the official name of the band gradually became " The Apples in Stereo ", with the " in stereo " usually somewhat under-emphasized, whether in lower-case or in parenthesis.

The Sütterlin lower-case ' e ' resembles two slanted bars, in which the origin of the umlaut diacritic from a small ' e ' written above the modified vowel can be seen.

There is a command-line tool called ‘ dcop ’ ( note the lower-case letters ) that can be used for communication with the applications from the shell.

Particle displacement or displacement amplitude ( represented in mathematics by the lower-case Greek letter ξ ) is a measurement of distance of the movement of a particle from its equilbrium position in a medium as it transmits a wave.

h. ( son of ): A man named like his father, might append the lower-case suffix h. ( denoting hijo, son ) to his surname, thus distinguishing himself, Juan Gómez Marcos, h., from his father, Juan Gómez Marcos ; the English analogue is “ Jr .” ( son ).

In 2007 – 2008, as part of the group wide restructuring and re-branding, the group's rail operations were branded as ' National Express ' and the coach fleet received a slightly different livery, retaining the red white and blue theme, but with a new lower-case logo ; coaches started appearing in the new livery from December 2007.

This game also contains several purely cosmetic changes from Pac-Man: It features a lower-case anti-aliased font for scores and game text, and the orange ghost's name has changed from Clyde to Tim.

Before the development of lower-case letters in the 8th century, texts in the Latin alphabet were written in a single case, which is now considered to be capital letters.

This modern Platonism ( sometimes rendered " platonism ," with a lower-case p, to distinguish it from the ancient schools ) has been endorsed in one way or another at one time or another by numerous philosophers ( most of whom taking a particular interest in the philosophy and foundations of logic and mathematics ), including Bernard Bolzano, Gottlob Frege, Edmund Husserl, Bertrand Russell, Alonzo Church, Kurt Gödel, W. V.

Similar work was carried out on the rest of the fleet over the next 21 months at Bombardier's Ilford Depot, where the units were repainted into their original white colour, but with dark blue doors, and branded with both " national express " and " c2c " logos in lower-case.

The lower-case letters are not typos, but reflect the way in which ALGO code was presented in the original documentation.

When referring to Eilenberg's original model, " X-machine " is typically written with a lower-case " m ", because the sense is " any machine for processing X ".

where s = x < sub > 1 </ sub > + ... + x < sub > n </ sub > is the number of " successes " and n is of course the number of trials, and then normalizes, to get the " posterior " ( i. e., conditional on the data ) probability distribution of p. ( We are using capital X to denote a random variable and lower-case x either as the dummy in the definition of a function or as the data actually observed.

The capital Y is used in specifying the model, and lower-case y in the definition of the residuals.

For example, in most languages written in any variety of the Latin alphabet the dot on a lower-case " i " is not a glyph because it does not convey any distinction, and an i in which the dot has been accidentally omitted is still likely to be read as an " i ".

Also, because a regular keyboard was used to enter track information, it was possible to enter lower-case characters and symbols that weren't available on stationary recorders.

The International System of Units accepts both the lower-case (< l >) and the upper-case (< L >) of the first letter in litre, because it is often difficult to distinguish between the character " l " and the digit " 1 " in certain fonts or when handwritten in certain languages, such as English.

Beginning reading instructional materials should focus primarily on the lower-case letters, not the capital letters ( even though they are larger ) because reading text requires familiarity ( mostly ) with lower-case letters.

At this point we are using a capital X rather than a lower-case x because we are thinking of it " as an estimator rather than as an estimate ", i. e., as something random whose probability distribution we could profit by knowing.

The name was originally written entirely in capitals because early computer operating systems such as CP / M did not support lower-case file names.

The calls were chosen because the lower-case Q closely resembled the number 9, hence the station's frequency 99. 9.

Their reforms even affected handwriting ; Humanists usually wrote Latin in a humanist minuscule script derived from Carolingian minuscule, the ultimate ancestor of most contemporary lower-case typefaces, avoiding the black-letter scripts used in the Middle Ages.

By selecting chains that had a smaller character set ( for example, just numbers and a few punctuation marks ), the printer could print much faster than if the chain contained the entire upper-and lower-case alphabet, numbers, and all special symbols.

In the Swedish constitution, the word is written with a lower-case “ r ”, thus marking that it is actually not a name of the parliament, but that it is just “ the parliament ”.

In orthography and typography, letter case ( or just case ) is the distinction between the larger upper case ( capital letters, caps, majuscule, upper-case, or uppercase ) and smaller lower-case ( minuscule, etc.

CITR-FM, normally branded CiTR ( with a lower-case " i "), is a Canadian FM radio station based out of the University of British Columbia's Student Union Building in the University Endowment Lands, just west of the city limits of Vancouver, British Columbia.

Prior to the widespread use of word processors, bullets were often denoted either by a lower-case “ o ” filed-in with ink or by asterisks (*), and several word processors automatically convert asterisks to bullets if used at the start of line.

The logo is based on the lower-case letters " mitp ," hence the tall " t " at the fifth stripe and the drop " p " at the sixth-and-seventh stripe.

The name and lower-case stylization of Dick Clark Productions dates back to, at latest, 1964, when Dick Clark's public relations manager, Henry Rogers of Rogers & Cowan, suggested naming his production company after himself, so he can be more visible following American Bandstand's move to Hollywood.

The label's striking logo featured the Impulse name in a heavy sans-serif lower-case font, followed by an exclamation mark that invertedly mirrors the lower-case " i " at the beginning.